Russia in the 16Russia in the 16thth CenturyCentury

Mr. White’s World HistoryMr. White’s World History

ObjectivesObjectives

After we finish this section, we should be After we finish this section, we should be able to:able to: Understand how the leaders of Russia helped Understand how the leaders of Russia helped

Russia become a more modern nation.Russia become a more modern nation.

VocabularyVocabulary

CzarCzar

Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible

Peter the GreatPeter the Great

Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great

Before the Great CzarsBefore the Great Czars

Before the most famous czars, Russia was Before the most famous czars, Russia was isolated from most of the events in Europeisolated from most of the events in EuropePrimarily agricultural – basically no industry Primarily agricultural – basically no industry at allat allRussia had developed its own culture Russia had developed its own culture around the Eastern Orthodox church and around the Eastern Orthodox church and the Byzantine Empirethe Byzantine EmpireSeparate language (not derived from Latin), Separate language (not derived from Latin), separate alphabet (Cyrillic)separate alphabet (Cyrillic)

Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible

Became czar at the age of Became czar at the age of three, and was caught three, and was caught between different groups of between different groups of nobles who wanted to rule nobles who wanted to rule the countrythe countryWell educated, religious, Well educated, religious, and crueland cruelTended to suspect Tended to suspect everyone of wanting to take everyone of wanting to take power from him (Russian power from him (Russian and Soviet leaders did this and Soviet leaders did this a lot), so he arrested, a lot), so he arrested, exiled, or killed some of his exiled, or killed some of his closest advisersclosest advisers

Russian ExpansionRussian Expansion

Ivan did much to help bring Russia into the Ivan did much to help bring Russia into the modern era:modern era: Brought artisans and doctors from Germany Brought artisans and doctors from Germany

and Englandand England Brought the printing press to RussiaBrought the printing press to Russia Started to trade with Europe on a large scaleStarted to trade with Europe on a large scale

Ivan also used his army to expand the size Ivan also used his army to expand the size of Russia and also to try to get a warm-of Russia and also to try to get a warm-water harborwater harbor

Peter the GreatPeter the Great

Peter became czar Peter became czar many years after Ivanmany years after Ivan

Finishes the job of Finishes the job of bringing Russia into bringing Russia into the modern erathe modern era

Encounter with EuropeEncounter with Europe

When Peter brought tutors to Russia, he found When Peter brought tutors to Russia, he found that most Russians were not well-educated that most Russians were not well-educated about the worldabout the worldTook an 18-month tour of England and the Took an 18-month tour of England and the Netherlands to see shipyards, factories, mills, Netherlands to see shipyards, factories, mills, and laboratoriesand laboratoriesWhen he came home, he forced the nobility to When he came home, he forced the nobility to adopt western ways – no beards, adopted adopt western ways – no beards, adopted western clothing, allowed women to come to western clothing, allowed women to come to social gatheringssocial gatherings

St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg

Peter built a new capital Peter built a new capital closer to western closer to western Europe, called St. Europe, called St. PetersburgPetersburg

Peter considered this Peter considered this city Russia’s “window to city Russia’s “window to the west.”the west.”

St. Petersburg was the St. Petersburg was the capital for a while, but capital for a while, but is no longer the capital is no longer the capital todaytoday

Expanding the BordersExpanding the Borders

Peter expanded Russia’s borders in just about Peter expanded Russia’s borders in just about every direction imaginableevery direction imaginable

Forced China to allow Russia to have SiberiaForced China to allow Russia to have Siberia

Fought Poland, Sweden, and the Ottoman Fought Poland, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire for more territoryEmpire for more territory

When his army lost to the Turks (Ottomans), he When his army lost to the Turks (Ottomans), he decided to modernize his army, which helped decided to modernize his army, which helped him gain a warm-water porthim gain a warm-water port

End ResultsEnd Results

Peter strengthened Russia’s role in foreign Peter strengthened Russia’s role in foreign affairs (outside its borders)affairs (outside its borders)

Many of his reforms were incomplete and Many of his reforms were incomplete and hasty, some were not really finishedhasty, some were not really finished

Not everybody agreed with his reforms or Not everybody agreed with his reforms or liked themliked them

Catherine the GreatCatherine the Great

Much time passed between Peter Much time passed between Peter and Catherine – 1762and Catherine – 1762Catherine took the throne from Catherine took the throne from her weak husband, Peter IIIher weak husband, Peter IIIHad the respect of her people, Had the respect of her people, even though she was German even though she was German originallyoriginallyConsidered freeing the serfs, but Considered freeing the serfs, but didn’t – common people had very didn’t – common people had very few rightsfew rightsSignificantly expanded Russia’s Significantly expanded Russia’s borders, and won a warm-water borders, and won a warm-water portportCatherine is the last of the Catherine is the last of the absolute monarchs, as new ideas absolute monarchs, as new ideas spread across Europe after this spread across Europe after this time - 1796time - 1796