Russia and the Transition to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R)

Russia and the Transition to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R)Preview and ProcessingWhat makes Russia unique in terms of geography?What can you conclude about the Czar Nichols II from these photographs?Who is in the photographs with Czar Nicholas II? Why is that interesting?

Russia, Czars and Reform Not effected by IR80% of pop= serfsNo rts: bought & sold; SiberiaAutocrat=czar (Romanov) Alexander IDid not want to modernizeDecembrist500 uprisings in 30 yrs

Nicholas I Limited EducationCrimean War (1853-1856)

Making the ConnectionWhat was the name of the woman who, through her service in the Crimean War, opened the field of nursing to women?

Florence Nightingale

5 Alexander IIFreed serfs: March 1861Mir: didnt own land; little changedNihilismNarodniki: teach the peasants, medical services, idea of rev.March 13, 1881: assassinatedHome is the palace to die.

Alexander IIINo ?ing the czar!Religion is the Russian Orthodox ch. only (pogroms begin)Speak Russian only: no Slavic langs, etc.

Nicholas IIMaintain autocratic ruleCultural changesSchools: Darwin, Marx, PasteurScholars: Tolstoy, TchaikovskyEconomic changesGrowth of citiesForeign investmentTrans-Siberian railway

Social Unrest =Revolutionary MoodGroups begin to form that include the peasantsSocial DemocratsMarxist: Karl Marx: German Philosopher (Communist Manifesto)Up rise fr. Urban working class (proletariat)Lenin: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

Making the ConnectionAccording to doctrine, what is the ultimate goal of Communist?Foreshadow the reasons why this philosophy concerned the United States?Can you name at least 3 countries that are communist today?

Social Democrats divideBolsheviks (majority) dictatorship of the proletariat (red)Mensheviks (minority)Move slowly: true communist (white)Czar made mistakesRusso-Japanese War, 1904Attempt to get RU mind off problemsKorea yellow little monkeys beaten

Bloody Sunday, January 22, 1905 200,000 workers marched to Czars winter PalaceBetter working conditionsmore personal freedomelected natl legislatureUnarmed; Little FatherCzar not homeSoldiers ordered to fire into crowd 500 to 1,000Czar agreed to more personal freedom; Duma May 1906disolved 3 mos later

World War I God Save the Czar1914: 4 million RU soldiers were KIA, wounded or POWsCzar believed he was doing his jobCzarina Alexandra and their son AlexisRasputin

STORY TIMEGREGORY RASPUTIN

ConspiratorsFelix Yussoupov: Noble Princess Irina: Czars niecePurishkevich: Leader in the DumaSukhotin: military officerDr. Lazovert: army doctorDmitri Pavlovich: Nephew to the Czar and Grand Duke of RussiaORDER OF EVENTSCyanide Potassium filled cakes and wineYussoupov sings 2 hoursPurishkevich shoots Rasputin in the backRasputin runs after YussoupovRasputin runs to gate; Purishkevich fires & hits Rasputin in back & headYussoupov beats Rasputin w/ rubber hoseRasputin is bound with rope, wrapped in blue curtain and thrown in the frozen Neva RiverBody found 3 days laterOfficial cause of death drowning.

Czar forced to abdicate Czar called back from the front: Is it possible that for 22 years I have tried to act for the best and that for 22 years I have been wrong? Feb. 1917: Abdicates Duma est. & picked leaders whose goal was a constitution; no part in strikes, etc.

New govt has an elected workers council (aka) SovietAlexander Kerensky: head of Social Revolutionary Party = head of govtDecided to continue WIGER helped Lenin return to RU after 17 yrs. In exile (Finland)

Second Revolution Lenin: Peace, Bread and Land!.Bolsheviks: well organized, mini-army: Red GuardLenin Took overNew Social orderNatl assembly wh/ he closed the next day Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Leon Trotsky of RU territoryKerensky forced to flee Died: Jun. 11, 1970 - New York City, New York, USA

Civil War Red v. WhiteCzar & family executedAnastasiaBolsheviks won

Lenins Govt Restores Order New Economic Policy (NEP) 1921Farmers could sell surplusPeople buy & sell goods for profitOwnership of small business

Official Name Change1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)Capt moved from Petrograd (Leningrad) to MoscowBolsheviks officially =communist

Lenins DeathDied 1924TrotskyJosepf Stalin Man of SteelThe WillTroskys death: 08/20/1940 in Mexico

Stalin Perfect USSRIndustrial revolution1928 Five Year Plan: command economy wh/ = everything under gont controlFew consumer goods producedFocus on RR, mines, etcTold where to work, who worked and how longSeveral more 5 year plans

Agricultural RevolutionNo private farms : collective Farms wh/ = peasants upset5 to10 million killed & others sent to SiberiaSecret police (KGB)

Totalitarian State

No dissent allowed by govtStalin more powerful than CzarPeople w/ less freedom than under CzarNo religion: opiate of the peopleSch. To teach his doctrinePeriodic purges of the Communist PartyNo friends in other countriesIn power for 25 yearsGoal: to make the USSR a modern stateLeader of USSR during WWII