Russia 1450s to 1700s
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Transcript of Russia 1450s to 1700s
Russia 1450s to 1700s
History of Russia timeline
Volga Bulgaria 7th-13th c. Kievan Rus 9th-12th c. Novgorod Republic 12th -14th c. Mongol Invasion 1220-1240’s Golden Horde 1240’s -1480’s Muscovy 1340-1547 Khanate of Kazan 1438-1552 Tsardom of russia 1547-1721 Russian Empire 1721-1917
1240-1480 Mongol Rule
After the Mongols withdrew (or were they defeated?), a kingdom centered around Moscow had begun.
Russia 1450 - 1690The first TSARS (or
Czars)Worked to gain power
over the boyars (nobles), improve their military, and create a strong central government.
Russian Boyars
Ivan III, the Great (1462-1505) In the 15th C, grand princes
of Moscow continued to increase land,population, and wealth
Laid foundations of Russian national state
Fall of Constantinople and emergence of New Rome and seat of Orthodox Christianity
Proclaimed his absolute sovereignty over all Russian princes and nobles
Refused further tribute to Tatars
Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.
Ivan III, The Great
Divided into khanates and hordes Manor system and creation of expanding
military control Ivan III forced lesser princes to accept him
and his successors as unquestioned rulers over military, judicial, and foreign affairs
Gradually, Russian ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar or Ceasar
Tsardom of Russia
First Russian ruler to officially crown himself “Tsar” was Ivan IV (The Terrible)
1547-1584 Subordination of
nobles, exiling many, and executing many
Enduring legacies both positive and negative
Ivan IV (1533-1547)
Ivan IV Vasilyevich-the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547
His long reign saw the conquest of Tartary and Siberia and the subsequent transformation of Russia into a multiethnic state.
Time of Troubles
Russian Inquisition left thousands dead Ivan IV murdered his son and daughter-in-law
who was carrying his grandson No true successor to crown Internal chaos attracts Polish-Lithuanian
intervention and installment of “tsars” Vast lands acquired under Ivan III lost
Russia 1450 - 1690Conflicts over the rule of Russia
led to series of civil wars and outside invasions.
Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917) New Dynasty must restore
peace and reclaim lost lands from Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth and Sweden
Boyars fearing civil war and loss of lands cooperated with the first Romanovs
Enserfment of peasants Great burden of taxation
placed on peasants All segments of population
were subject to military and special taxes
Romanov Family Crest
Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)
c The Romanov Dynasty is established in 1613
c The only Russian royal family lasted for 304 years!
Romanov Dynasty(1613-1917)
The Romanovs
Many peasant uprisings and riots most notably the Cossacks
Centralization of stateTsar’s army crushed many of the
uprisings and “examples” were made of those who rebelled against the state
The power of the Tsars increased – toward ABSOLUTISM
Councils of Russian nobles were eliminated
Trained bureaucrats came from “lower classes” in the government and military instead of nobles being officials
The secret police & the Tsar’s special forces suppressed rebellion.
Peter I, the Great (r. 1682-1725) Consolidated autocracy in
Russia and brought country into European state system
Largest state in the world from Baltic to Pacific Ocean
Window to the sea and the Great Northern War
New Capital, St. Petersburg, a window opened to Europe to replace the cultural center of Moscow
Russia Under Peter I
New Openness to the West 1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great
Forced Westernization
Modernized the army, built a navy, and continued expansion
Instituted an educational system and offered freedom for women.
• Pushed for Western dress, architecture, science &
• Shaved BEARDS!
Allowed mobility in government based upon merit
Built St. Petersburg as a new capital Organized and modernized trade and
commerce.
Russian Empire
Peter I took the title of emperor and tsar and the Russian Tsardom officially became the Russian Empire in 1721
Government organized on Western models Died in 1725 and led to succession battle that
would eventually end with a German Princess who married the German heir to the Russian throne, Catherine II aka The Great
Russia became one of the great land empires.
Russian armies took control of new territories. “Pioneers” expanded Russian territorial control
However, Russia remained a traditional
agricultural society.Nobles continued to control the
lower classes.– Serfdom was expanded and rural
peasants suffered– Little freedom was offered to the lower
classesSocial unrest and revolt was
common
Russian interaction with . . . Ottoman Empire, Eastern Europe, and Central
Asia Russian war victories led to territorial gains
(especially Poland and around the Caspian sea)
China – mutual agreement on boundaries Western Europe – Westerners carried on
much of the trade in Russia, Western styles from architecture to the military were mimicked, but Russia remained politically isolated from Western Europe.
The Pendulum of Russian History
Pro-WestFor Progress & ChangeEncourage New Ideas,Technologies, etc.
Anti-WestIsolationistXenophobic
Ultra-Conservative
Most Tsars Russian
Orthodox Church Military Boyars peasants
A few Tsars Intellectual elites Merchants/
businessmen Young members of
the middle class.
REFORM-MINDEDLEADER DEMAGOGUE