Rural Youth Homelessness Pennsylvania’s Education for Children & Youth Experiencing Homelessness...
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Transcript of Rural Youth Homelessness Pennsylvania’s Education for Children & Youth Experiencing Homelessness...
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Rural Youth Homelessness
Pennsylvania’s Education for Children & Youth Experiencing
Homelessness Program (ECYEH)
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Take a few minutes. . .• Define the word “RURAL”
• What does it look like where you live?
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What is rural?
• Communities less than 100,000 people• Located 100 miles from a major urban area• Large geographic areas with many scattered
small towns or communities• Large areas which are dependent on one industry
such as agriculture, timber, mining, tourism, etc.• An area that is described as “country”
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What is Poverty?
The extent to which an individual or community does without resources. Generational
Having been in poverty for two generations or longer Situational
Lack of resources due to a particular event Death, divorce, college student, etc.
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Poverty
Poverty is relative If everyone around you
is in a similar situation,
the notion of poverty or
wealth is vague. Poverty exists only in
relationship to known
quantities or expectations.
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Homeless. . . What do you think of?
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Rural Homelessness: Do we have homeless people HERE???? Homelessness is assumed to be an urban
problem: More geographically concentrated More visible Media depictions In the news More available research Better data
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The Faces of Rural Homelessness:
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Did you know?
Research shows that the odds of being poor are between 1.2 to 2.3 times higher for people in rural settings when compared to those in metropolitan areas.
One in 5 rural counties is classified as a “high poverty county” in the United States (defined as having a poverty rate of 20% or higher), while only one in 20 metro counties are defined as high poverty. (Fisher, 2005)
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Who is most at risk?
Primarily agricultural & farming communities Economy based on declining industries
(mining, timber, fishing) Resort areas attracting new, higher income
residents – driving up the taxes and living expenses and eliminating affordable housing, such as mobile home parks
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Rural Homelessness: the “Three W’s”
White Working Poor Women with Children (Bushy 1991)
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Question for Discussion:
Where are most homeless families located in rural areas?
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Doubling up
Sharing housing of others due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reason
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Doubled Up: Is the situation temporary?
• Has the family tried to access other services to find housing?
• Do they talk about wanting “a place of their own”
• Do the children have their own bedrooms?
• Can the family afford other housing, but are choosing not to move?
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Not “camping”
Trailers, camping grounds, tents
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Not “on vacation” Living in motels, hotels
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Not “adequate”
Barns, garages, sheds
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Not “regular”
abandoned buildings
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Not “fixed”
Cars
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Migrant
Migratory children living in above circumstances
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Unaccompanied Youth
Abandoned, throw-away, runaway children not living with a parent or legal guardian
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Substandard Housing?• No utilities (heat, water, etc.)• Tarp over roof• Boards on windows• Overcrowded• Dirt Floor• Holes to outside• Motel• Hotel• Camper• Tent• Car
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The Effects of Substandard Housing on Children: One out of every 3 people living in severely substandard housing
is a child. These children are likely to experience: Violence Hunger Injuries Burns Infectious Diseases Asthma Lead Poisoning Foster Care Placement Falling Behind in School Dropping out of School
From Housing Arkansas “Benefits of a State Housing Trust Fund” - 2010
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Rural Vs. Urban:
Urban: More people living in shelters and
transitional housing. Doubled-up families are rarely ID’d.
Transient populations (families will move in and out of locations)
More single adults identified Homelessness is a more “visible”
issue – people sometimes on the streets
Open to & often seeking services More resources and funding
available
Rural: Living in cars, parks, campgrounds,
barns, tents, hunting cabins; run down homes often without running water or heat, windows are gone, roof covered with tarps; often doubled-up with other families
Stable populations (do not move as frequently)
More families identified Homeless is a “hidden” issue –
people are under a roof Less likely to accept or seek our
services Fewer resources available
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Question for Discussion
Discuss potential challenges faced by those experiencing homelessness in rural settings.
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Challenges for Rural Communities: Sense of isolation Fewer dollars when funding decisions are based on
population = Fewer available services Less public awareness due to “invisibility” of
homeless Local attitudes: Denial and blame Less existing research about what works in rural
areas “Walkability” and Public Transportation Parents: “Concerted Cultivation:
Homework Music lessons, dance lessons, etc. Sports Extracurricular activities Parent involvement
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Question for Discussion
Discuss potential strengths of those experiencing homelessness in rural settings.
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Strengths: Multi-service mainstream agencies:
“one stop shopping” Involved and supportive church
communities Extended family support Resiliency “Take Care of Our Own”
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Rural Homelessness:the causes:
Pervasive poverty & multi-generational poverty Norm of substandard housing Fewer rental options (older housing stock, lack of
affordable housing & rental assistance) Nonexistent or shrinking mental health and drug
and alcohol services Local employment patterns (low-paid, part-time,
and temporary employment) Transportation issues as barriers to employment
and services Federal homeless definitions that have favored
homeless in larger metropolitan areas
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Issues for Rural Schools: Individual Heroes – Limitations? Ill-defined Practices – No real system in place Awareness
How did you find out about services? “My cousin told me” “By the grace of God” “I don’t even know” “I just kept calling people” “I don’t even remember”
Limited Resources – Everyone is competing
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Question for Discussion
Describe the characteristics of the best organization you have ever experienced.
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Organizations
Research shows that the U.S. is the most “organization-centric” country in the world
Good organizations have the following: Clear mission Foster relationships Collaboration Produce positive outcomes Monitor progress Adapt to change
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Network Orientation
Limit “Hero Model” Connect within AND beyond school Move from “service provision” (giving things)
to “brokering” Ex: Morris Small, Book: Unanticipated Gains
Good Child Care Centers – what is expected, but also got. . .
Connection to other individuals, other organizations, leading to other resources that they contain
Building Natural Supports
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Innovation Thinking “Outside of the Box”
Look at when your district ID’s students experiencing homelessness. Only start of school year?
Ask families – “Where do you go for help?” What names come up the most? Who are they?
Connect to wider school & district missions when educating co-workers
Tell story broadly to diverse people Use data strategically Train regularly
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Interest Convergence
Leads to Change Moral social justice? Or best interest of the
district? Why is student homelessness in your district
worthy of attention? Administration Teachers Parents Community
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“Student homelessness hurts all students” – Fantuzzo, et al What is your district’s systematic processes? Policy RE: “Substandard Housing?” Transportation Policy? Data Sharing? Collaborations in the community? Who are your stakeholders?
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Strategies for Identification:
Providing education and training to key support staff with districts: Building secretaries Guidance Counselors Principals Nurses Bus Drivers Home & School Visitors Behavioral Support Staff
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Strategies, continued. . .
Add content to registration AND withdrawal forms that would “flag” potentially homeless families. Check lists of potential living situations Know addresses of shelter, churches, “safe”
houses, campgrounds, hotels/motels Avoid the word “homeless” Follow up with interview
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Sample Questionnaire
“Section A: In what type of setting is the student living now? In an emergency or transitional shelter (formal or informal) Sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of other
adequate accommodations In a motel, hotel, church, campsite, cabin, barn or car In a park, public campgrounds, public space, abandoned building
or similar setting In substandard housing (example: no heat, tarp over the roof, no
running water, windows boarded up) Other places not ordinarily used as regular housing for humans I am a young person living without parent or guardian
Continue to Question 2 if you checked any box in Section A. . .”
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Strategies, continued. . .
Establish relationships with outside entities: Churches Social Service Agencies Foster Care Providers Shelters Fire Department Police Red Cross Salvation Army Hotel/Motel owners Food Pantries Campground owners
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Strategies, continued. . . Focus training on teaching staff to assist with
identification of existing homeless students If district has multi-district classrooms, educate
those staff as well Provide in-service to Vo-Tech and Alternative
Education staff that serve your district Display information related to educational rights
in key places and in basic language Educate families and parents within district
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Strategies, continued. . .
Build on community spirit: Rural families often will take in students and help provide for them; staff and other students provide rides and other assistance.
Build on the small town mentality: “We take care of our own.”
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Case Study #1 John comes to school with the same unwashed clothing
on every day. When the teacher asks him about it, he says that his home does not have running water. The home-school visitor stops by and reports to you that the family lives in a cabin with dirt floors and an outhouse. There is a wood stove that heats the home, but the current water pump system is broken. The home was built by John’s grandfather and they have never lived anywhere else. Is John homeless? What would you do to provide assistance? What are issues you need to think about when
talking with this family?
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Case Study #2 Cheyenne and her boyfriend are living in a mobile
home with his parents. She is 18 and says she left home because her mother was cooking meth. The mobile home is in a neighboring district almost an hour away, but Cheyenne is a senior and wants to graduate from her school of origin. Is Cheyenne homeless? What assistance would you provide? What questions would you ask to make this
determination?
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Case Study #3 Colby (age 18) and Case (age 15) are brothers
who are both enrolled at your school. Their mother’s new boyfriend does not get along with them and they decided to move into their sister’s barn. They have a space heater and mattresses on the floor. She allows them to shower in her house, but her husband doesn’t like them eating the family food. Are they homeless? What assistance would you provide? What other issues should you consider?
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Case Study #4 Dakota is a 6 year old who is brought in to your
district by his parents for enrollment. They live in a camper that is parked in a neighboring district. When you explain that they have to enroll there, the father becomes belligerent. The next day, the camper is parked in the school parking lot and the father is waiting in the office. Is Dakota homeless? Which district does he have the right to
attend? What would you do?
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Case Study #5 LaMar (age 8) and LaTonya (age 9) are brother and
sister. They currently stay in a small family-owned hotel with their grandmother, where she does the cleaning in exchange for a room. She does not have legal custody, but is caring for the children while the mother is incarcerated. Both children have “special needs” and were in special education, but can’t remember the name of their last school, because the mother “homeschooled” them for the past several years. Grandmother has brought them in to enroll in your district. Are they homeless? What things do you need to consider in this scenario? What assistance would you provide?
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References
2010. Rural Poverty in America. Wayne Flint. National Forum: FindArticles.com.
2008. January Research Matters. Housing Vouchers are Critical for Ending Family Homelessness. National Alliance to End Homelessness, Homelessness Research Institute.
2005. Hunger Report. Strengthening Rural Communities. Center for Rural Affairs.
2008. Rural Homeless Initiative of Southeast and Central Ohio: A National Model for Planning to End Homelessness. National Alliance to End Homelessness.
2002. Continua of Care Best Practices: Comprehensive Homeless Planning in Rurik America. Housing Assistance Council.
2006. Homelessness in Rural America: Policy and Practice. Paul Rollinson and John Pardeck. Haworth Press.
1996. Out of Sight out of Mind: Homeless Children and Families in Small Town America. Yvonne M. Vissing. University Press of America.
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For Assistance Contact:
Wendy KinnearRegional Coordinator, Region 5Pennsylvania’s Education for Children & Youth Experiencing Homelessness Program (ECYEH) Midwestern Intermediate Unit IV453 Maple Street Grove City, PA 16127724.458.6700 X 1289Fax: [email protected]