Piped Water Supply System for North KarjatTechno-Economic Feasibility Study*

Piped Water Supply System for North KarjatTechno-Economic Feasibility Study

By Abhishek Kumar Sinha, Janhvi Doshi, Vikram Vijay

Guide: Professor Milind Sohoni

September 2010

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Mr. G. P Nivdange and Mr. Ashok Ghule from MJP, Karjat, Mr. Ashok Jangle from Disha Kendra, and Mr. R. M. Ade from the Minor Irrigation, Karjat, for their invaluable support and guidance throughout the project.

The project was financially supported by the Dean R& D.

We would like to thank Mr. G. P Nivdange and Mr. Ashok Ghule from MJP, Karjat, Mr. Ashok Jangle from Disha Kendra, and Mr. R. M. Ade from the Minor Irrigation, Karjat, for their invaluable support and guidance throughout the project.

The project was financially supported by the Dean R& D. *10/09/10

How did it all begin?Severe drinking water shortage in North Karjat beginning January

Reliance on groundwater in most hamlets by Feb some wells dry out, hand-pumps dont work

Invitation to CTARA to investigate options.

Well in north Karjat after the first rain (2010)*

Groundwater study-Availability and Recharge

Check-dams and local surface water storage

Investigation of surface water option from existing reservoirs

Important policy input for planning process.

Livelihood norm of 200 lpcd and sustenance norm of 40 lpcdVarious Options*

North KarjatTarget area:spans 120 sq. kmcovers over 70 hamletscurrent population (2011) 51,618Intermediate population (2026) 63721design population (2041) 81,140Karjat Taluka*

Key Outputs

Net Investment200 lpcd- Rs. 57.25 crore and Rs. 7051 per capita40 lpcd- Rs. 17.25 crore and Rs. 2119 per capitaFor comparison, Mumbais piped water system cost Rs. 7000 per capita, Thanes Rs. 10,000 per capita (both 200 LPD), MJPs Anjap project cost Rs.2700 for 55 LPD

Novel design methodology for optimization of secondary network

Application of GIS in surveying of target area *

Components of Design*10/09/10RISING MAINGround Storage Reservoir (GSR)

Rural Piped Water Supply System

NOTE: Tertiary network design requires both socio-economic data and data-related to land use and it extends beyond the scope of this project .PrimarySecondaryTertiary*

Components of Design IllustratedMBR ESRWTPRising Main*

Existing stand-post at Naldhe*

Met all major design specifications

Key design parameters include: 40 lpcd (sustenance norm) and 200 lpcd (livelihood norm)6 hours of supply to villages per day (5-8 AM and 5-8 PM)

Design Parameters and Norms*

Life of Design Components

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Particular Design lifeJack well30 yearsRising main 30 years

Pumping machinery15 years (replaced after 15 years)WTP15 years (additional unit is provided )MBR 30 years

Gravity main 30 years

ESR 30 years

Distribution network 30 years

Overall Design Methodology *

Available Sources*

No.SourceRemarks1Barvi DamOperated by MIDCFar from target areaAt low elevationOperating at full capacity2Shilar RiverNot enough water in summer season3Ullhas RiverPerennial sourceSupplying water to many dependent areas4Pej RiverPerennial sourceTail water discharge of Bhivpuri dam (1000MLD)

Available SourcesTarget Area*

Pej River*

Lift-up Point along Pej River*

Demand - Location and Estimation

Villages identified and lat/long recorded using regional maps and Google Earth

Population forecasted for Intermediate Stage (15 years, 2026) and Final Stage (30 years, 2041)Results of geometric and incremental methods of forecasting averagedFive sets of Census data used (1961-2001)

Design Demand = 1.2 x population x per capita demand (SF of 1.2 to account for 20% water losses)

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Hamlets marked on Google Earth*

Primary Grid (Gravity Main) Details

Network for MBR to 19 ESRsTotal length = 72,535mLooped system with 1 source point

Residual pressure of 2m after water delivery to ESR

Only a looped system is feasible in given terrain

Alternate sources may be added to given loop

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Map of Primary Grid (Gravity Main)KasheleShilarKhandasNandgaonAlemanMaleChinchpada*

Dummy Nodes

Created at intervals of 500-1000m and at every sharp elevation drop or rise along the primary gridEntered into LOOP while designing gravity main to incorporate the elevation changes along pipeline (There are 19 ESRs in the primary grid but over 130 nodes were entered into LOOP)This relatively straightforward application of GIS can potentially replace costly and resource intensive land surveying

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Dummy Nodes*

Dummy Nodes*

Clustering and Secondary Network Design

Villages organised into clusters based on the following:Elevation of villagesPosition of villagesPopulation of villagesElevation of terrain Proximity to major roadAppearance of the land

Pipeline from ESR to villages follow roadways*

Example: ESR 17 Cluster *

Clustering and Secondary Network Design

Staging height of ESR chosen by optimization of piping and ESR construction cost. As ESR height is increased:Pipe costs decreaseConstruction costs increaseHeight at which sum of both costs is minimum is chosenOptimum ESR height entered along with node-pipe connectivity information into Branch 3.0

Existing MBR for Anjap Project by MJP*

Example of an ESR Staging Height Optimization Graph*

Example: ESR 17 and Secondary Network (Ware) *

Jack Well, WTP & MBR *

Water structureFor 200 LPCDFor 40 LPCDJack Well19.47 MLD3.90 MLDWTP 1st stage22.94 MLD4.56 MLD2nd stage6.28 MLD1.29 MLDMBR6.50 ML1.30 ML

Rising mainThis system is designed for two stage pumping

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SpecificationRaw water rising main(1st stage)Clean water rising main(2nd stage)

PathLift-Up point to WTPWTP to MBRLength2845 m1977 m Class of pipeDIDIDiameter600 mm (for 200LPCD)350 mm (for 40LPCD)700 mm (for 200LPCD)350 mm (for 40LPCD)

Tools Used for Design

Google EarthGoogle MapsPipe diameter optimization software Branch 3.0 and LOOP 4.0Topo-sheets of Karjat

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GIS applications used in design

Use of elevation data of Google Earth to create dummy nodes that monitor and record elevation changes along pipelinesManual detection of:Road networksHamletsUncultivated landAvailable water sources and potential lift-up pointsHigh elevation points along terrain for storage tank location

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Potential for GIS Application in Design of Piped Water SystemsMore optimized and streamlined design process is possible with a stronger GIS interface catered specifically towards design of piped water systems.Automated detection of the following:Road networksPopulation centersAvailable water sourcesUncultivated landMarking of contour linesCalculation of average head loss over a given drawn pipe path (using elevation data)Integration with Branch and Loop (C++ optimization programs) *

Costs of Installation Details*

Installation Cost per CapitaNOTE: O&M and pumping energy costs are NOT included in the above estimate*

For 200 LPCDFor 40 LPCDDesign Population81,14081,140Daily Demand19.47 MLD3.90 MLDNet InvestmentRs. 57,21,47,60117,19,33,649Cost per Person70512119

For 200 LPCDFor 40 LPCDRatio of Design Demand51Ratio of Costs3.31

Net investment for piped water at both norms of 40/200 lpcd to north Karjat is economically feasibleEstimated Net Investment:200 lcpd - Rs.7051 per capita40 lpcd - Rs. 2119 per capita

Energy costs(@ Rs. 5 per unit, pumping efficiency 75%)200 lcpd - Rs.400 per capita per annum40 lpcd - Rs. 79 per capita per annumEnergy cost per 1000 litre Rs. 4.56

Summary*

Whats happened since AugustGovernment/NGO Response

Meeting with Disha Kendra, MJP engineers, MLAThey are interested in building this network at norm of 70-110 lpcdNext Steps

Participation resolution must be passed by gram panchayatsFAQ regarding charges, land acquisition, availability of water Detailed planning, MJP may want IIT to be involved

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*10/09/10Detail DesignTarget area to be refinedSome villages from west to go, and some from east to come in.Design norm of 100 lpcd.

Design improvements to reduce energy costBetter lift up point Consultation between MJP,TATA Power and Irrigation Department.Better/different network design(consideration of booster pump in Loop network)

Schemes: Two types and their issues.Single Village (SVS)-built by ZP, operated by GPRegional (RR)-built by MJP, operated by ZP, private body, cooperative.

Issues: source and institutional sustainability.

Our Scheme: Super-RR

Such schemes more likely when regional collapse of local groundwater sources.

High chance of sub optimal operation.

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SVSRRInstitutional Sus.StrongWeakSource Sus.WeakStrong

More research required...Wider IssuesLivelihood norm? Competition with irrigationFeasibility of regional water supply grid

Technical/Engg.Source stabilization-Watershed, percolation structures, local surface?Pilot study next summerExperience of other states

Socio-Economic Design of ownershipDesign of tariff structure, billing and recoveryControl on establishment and O&M costs

StudyComparative study across Konkan(Chiplun-Guhagar pilot underway)Cooperative sector*

Thank You*

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