Rural Industrialization Presentation

8/11/2019 Rural Industrialization Presentation

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Rural Industrialization

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Leaf to Root Approach

Dr .A. Jagadeesh, Director

Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives

2/210 First Floor, Nawabpet

Nellore 524 002 Andhra Pradesh, India

E-mail: [email protected]


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Agave Americana

Sisal Agave


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Sisal Plant


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The main drawback for wider application of Biofuels is

input. There was a big moment for biofuel from Jatrophain India but in reality not much has been achieved.Agave (Americana), Sisal Agave is a multiple use plantwhich has 10% fermentable sugars and rich in cellulose.The fibre is used in rope making and also for weaving

clothes in Philippines under the trade name DIP-DRY. InBrazil a paper factory runs on sisal as input. A SteroidHECOGENIN is extracted from this plant leaves. Sinceon putrification, it produces methane gas, it can be cutand used as input in biogas plants. Also in Kenya and

Lesotho dried pieces of Agave are mixed with concretesince it has fibres which act as binding.


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Agave fibers contain 65 percent to 78 percent cellulose,

according to Jimenez. "With new technology, it is

possible to breakdown over 90 percent of the cellulose

and hemicellulose structures, which will increase ethanol

and other liquid biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass

drastically," he said. "Mascoma is assessing such

technology."


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Annona Squamosa (Sugar Apple)


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Pulp in the fruit

On top of ice cream, jelly & jam making Drinks and in fermented liquors.

The fruit has sizeable number of seeds. The seed yield

about 30% oil. The extraction of the oil can be done by the

process of solvent extraction.The oil is used in

In paints and varnishes

As natural insecticide.

Annona seed oil contains acetogenins that are toxic to

insects.


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Annonin, ascimicin, bullatacin, isobullatacin,

desacecylucaricin and isodesacetylucaricin have beenisolated from the sugar apple seeds and shown to bebiologically active against the spotted stem borer, chilopartellus swin, oriental armyworm,Mythimna Separatewek, head bugs, Calocoris augustus Leth, and the aphid,

Melanaphis sacchari Zehnt. Pesticides derived from plants like Annona Squamosacan play a major role in pest management in sustainableagriculture. They have renewable character, are nonpersistent in the environment, and are relatively safer tothe natural enemies, non-target organisms, and humanbeings.


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The Annona oil contains the following percentages of

acids

Oleic: 18.1

Linoleic: 55.1

Palmitic: 14.7

Stearic: 10.7


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Oleic: Soap base, manufacture of oleates, cosmetics,polished compound, lubricants, Ore floatation, organic

synthetic intermediate, surface coatings etc. Linoleic: Soaps, special dryers, for protective coatings,

emulsifying agents. medicine, Foods, feeds, and bio-chemical research.

Palmitic: Starting point in the manufacture of variousmetallic palmitates, soaps, Soaps, lube oils, and waterproofing.

Stearic: Chemicals, especially stearates and stearicdriers, lubricants, soaps, candles, Pharmaceuticals, and

cosmetic rubber compounding, shoe and polishes,coatings and food packaging.


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The seed cake after extraction of oil can be used as

fertilizer. The nitrogen content of the defatted meal from

the sugar

apple is in the range of 4.3 %. The epicarp after removalof pulp and seed from the Annona Squamosa fruits can

be used as green manure. The leaves of the plant are

bitter and thus cattle wont eat them.


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Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia Crassipes)


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Wealth from Waste

Water hyacinth which is generally regarded as a menacecan find many uses:

In food production

As leaf protein concentrate, which is rich in protein and vitamin A. As a substrate for mushroom cultivation,

By making soils more fertile which yield better crops,

By purifying water, in which fish can then thrive,

Through the production of silage, for fattening animals,

Through vermiculture, producing feed for poultry or fish, In regenerating degraded soils,

As mulch

As compost


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As fertilizer, produced by mixing with other organicmaterials, and phosphate rock.

In biogas production. 1 hectare of weed can produce 100tons of dry water hyacinth/year which could produce30,000 cubic meters of gas sufficient to supply cookingfor 40 families. The residual slurry must be used asmulch.

As briquettes, which can be used for cooking in kitchensfor schools and restaurants.

In providing employment and income, through theproduction and sale of a range of art papers and cards,crafts and furniture, (on industrial level), chemicals and

liquid fuels.


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Nutritious Protein from Water Hyacinth

Leaf Fractionation:

Leaf fractionation produces up to 10 times as muchprotein per hectare as when the land is used to growfood for animals. It doers not require artificially fixednitrogen, which is made using a large amount of energy.

It is already being used on Lucerne, or alfalfa in France,Hungary and the US to make supplementary feed forpigs and poultry. As Lucerne is a legume, it addsnitrogen to the soil. The process can be applied toalmost any fresh green leaves, including weeds such as

water hyacinth and nettles. The leaf protein it producescontains no animal fats, and the fibrous residue is anexcellent ruminant food.


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Teak Hyacinth Bed


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Water Hyacinth Furniture


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Water Hyacinth Harvester


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Biogas from Opuntia: A source of renewable gas and fertilizer

Structure of the proposed process

1st step: Production of biomass (Opuntia)

2nd step: Process of the biomass into biogas trough anaerobicfermentation

3rd step: Process of the digested material into fertilizer

The potential of Opuntia Biomass for energy production in semi-aridareas 100 to 400 tons of biomass/ha/year1 ton Opuntia biomass = 50-60 m3 of biogas = 300-360 kWh of gas30 000 to 140 000 kWh per ha150 to 400ha necessary for 1MW electrical capacity

High efficiency in water & fertilizer useReduced risk for farmers of crop failure due to high droughttolerance. No competition with food crops on arable land as it cangrow on degraded land.


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Pomato is a hybrid variety of potato and tomato. It is a small tomato-

like fruit, with white flesh, edible either raw or cooked.

Pomato plant produces tomatoes on the top and potatoes

underground.

Pomato = Potato + Tomato


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How to grow Pomato plant Choose Potato and Tomato plant with the same height.

Place the two plants side by side so that the stems will touch easily. Gently remove a sliver of the stem from the potato plant by using thin

sharp knife.

Locate an area on the tomato stem that matches the height of the cuton the potato plant.

Set the plants in an area out of direct sunlight.

Watch the new growth on the top of the tomato. Allow the plant to grow until you again see vigorous growth on the

tomato plant. This should take two or three weeks.

Allow the plant to grow for two or three weeks to see vigorous growthon the tomato plant

Remove the bottom portion of the tomato plant.

Enclose the plant in a clear plastic bag to maintain moisture. Afterseveral days, remove the plastic.

Once the plastic is removed, watch for signs of new growth. Whenthe plant shows lush green leaves, remove the grafting tape. Nowthe Pomato plant was created successfully.


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The Winged bean(Psophocarpus

tetragonolobus), also known as

the Goa beanand Asparagus pea,

Four-angled beanand Winged

pea, is a tropical legume plant

native to New Guinea. It growsabundantly in hot, humid equatorial

countries, from the Philippines and

Indonesia to India, Burma, Thailand

and Sri Lanka. It does well in humid

tropics with high rainfall. There arealso varieties that can be grown in

most areas of the U.S.

Winged Bean


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UsesThis bean has been called the "one species

supermarket" because practically all of the plant is

edible. The beans are used as a vegetable, but theother parts (leaves, flowers, and tuberous roots) are

also edible. The tender pods, which are the most

widely eaten part of the plant (and best eaten when

under 1" in length), can be harvested within two to

three months of planting. The flowers are often used

to color rice and pastries. The flavor of the beans hasa similarity to asparagus. The young leaves can be

picked and prepared as a leaf vegetable, similar to

spinach. The roots can be used as a root vegetable,

similar to the potato, and have a nutty flavor; they are

also much richer in protein than potatoes. The dried

seeds can be useful as a flour and also to make a

coffee-like drink. Each of these parts of the winged

bean provide a source of vitamin A, vitamin C,

calcium, iron, and other vitamins. The seeds contain

35% protein and 18% oil.

Boiled winged bean roots

as a snack in Burma

Roots of the winged

bean at a market in

Mandalay, Burma


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Hydroponics


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Hydroponicsis a subset of hydroculture and is amethod of growing plants using mineral nutrientsolutions, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants may begrown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only

or in an inert medium, such as perlite, gravel, mineralwool, expanded clay or coconut husk.

Researchers discovered in the 18th century that plantsabsorb essential mineral nutrients as inorganic ions in

water. In natural conditions, soil acts as a mineralnutrient reservoir but the soil itself is not essential toplant growth. When the mineral nutrients in the soildissolve in water, plant roots are able to absorb them.When the required mineral nutrients are introduced into

a plant's water supply artificially, soil is no longerrequired for the plant to thrive. Almost any terrestrialplant will grow with hydroponics. Hydroponics is also astandard technique in biology research and teaching.


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Bring diversity back to agriculture.That's what made it work in the

first place

- David R. Brower


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Rural Industrialization Presentation

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