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Rural and Urban Trends in the Prevalence of Smoking Bans: A Report from the National Social Climate...
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![Page 1: Rural and Urban Trends in the Prevalence of Smoking Bans: A Report from the National Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control, 2000-2002 Robert McMillen.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e385503460f94b286e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rural and Urban Trends in the Prevalence of Smoking Bans:
A Report from the National Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control,
2000-2002
Robert McMillen
Julie Breen
Arthur G. CosbySocial Science Research Center
Mississippi State UniversitySSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
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Support• The Office of Rural Health Policy of the
Department of Health and Human Services
• The Rural Health, Safety, and Security Institute, Social Science Research Center
• Center for Child Health Research of the American Academy of Pediatrics
SSRCSSRC
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Health Risks of Smoking
• Tobacco use is responsible for more than 430,000 deaths per year among adults in the US
• Represents more than 5 million years of potential life lost
• Direct medical costs related to smoking total at least $50 billion per year
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Health Risks of ETS• ETS accounts for 53,000 deaths of non-smokers
each year• 3,000 nonsmokers die each year die of lung cancer
each year• 150,000-300,000 infants and children under age 18
months experience lower respiratory track infections
• Other recognized problems of ETS exposure: Low birth weight, asthma, SIDS, behavioral and cognitive functioning
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Levels of Urbanization
• Eberhardt’s Urban and Rural Health Chartbook
• Large Central Counties
• Large Fringe Counties
• Small Metropolitan Counties
• Rural Counties with a City
• Rural Counties without a City
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Adult Smoking
1997-1998 NHIS• Rural Counties, 27.3%
• The Most Urban Counties, 22.6%
2003 SCS-TC• Rural residents, 24.9%
• Urban residents, 20.9%
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
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Rural-Urban Gaps in Smoking Bans
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Rural-Urban Differences in Self-Reported Smoking Bans, p <.05
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
Ban Most Urban Most Rural
Household 74.5% 65.7%
Children Present 88.4% 78.7%
Family Vehicle 83.2% 72.4%
Work Areas 67.2% 53.4%
Convenience Stores 79.6% 70.2%
Fast Food 69.0% 54.0%
Restaurants 35.9% 22.0%
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Purpose
To determine if smoking bans increasing in both rural and urban areas
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
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Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control
• Provide timely, comprehensive data about tobacco control attitudes and practices
• Objectively measure, and ultimately monitor, progress towards intermediate objectives
• Annual cross-sectional assessments of the social climate: 2000, 2001, 2000
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
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Methods
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SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
Simple Random Sample of Adults
• Computer assisted telephone interviewers
• 2000: N = 1,503; Co-operation Rate = 74%
• 2001: N = 3,002; Co-operation Rate = 84%
• 2002: N = 3,009; Co-operation Rate = 86%
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Changes from 2000-2002
• 45.2% of social climate indicators improved from 2000 to 2002
• 30.8% of indicators improved from 2001 to 2002
• Support is increasing for restrictions on smoking in public places
• Smoking restrictions are becoming more prevalent in some private and public settings
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
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Smokefree Private Settings
2000 2001 2002 % Point Difference
% Change
Household Ban* 69.1 74.1 73.7 4.6 6.7
Ban in the presence of children*
83.5 87.9 87.8 4.3 5.1
Ban in the family vehicles
n/a 79.6 78.5 -1.1 -1.4
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC
* p<.05, 2000 vs 2002
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Smokefree Public Settings
2000 2001 2002 % Point Difference
% Change
Malls* 75.4 77.0 79.2 3.8 5.0
Convenience Stores*
68.4 73.7 75.4 7.0 10.2
Fast Food* 52.1 57.8 63.5 11.4 21.9
Restaurants 24.5 28.1 26.5 2.0 8.2
Bars 13.0 12.4 13.3 0.3 2.3
Outdoor Parks* 7.9 7.9 11.3 3.4 43.0
SSRCSSRCSSRCSSRC* p<.05, 2000 vs 2002
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Rural-Urban Trends in the Prevalence of Smoking
Bans
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Household Smoking Bans
68.3
69.8
64.6
75.5
75.4
70.7
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002
Rural, nsUrban, p=.005
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76.8
84.582.3
79.2
88.989.6
60
80
100
2000 2001 2002
Rural, p=.009Urban, p<.001
Smoking in the Presence of Children
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Workplace Smoking Bans
57.0
59.2
55.2
67.4
70.9
68.8
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002
Rural, nsUrban, ns
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70.265.5
56.9
77.176.2
72.5
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002
Rural, p<.001Urban, p=.023
Smokefree Convenience Stores
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58.9
47.8
41.7
64.960.8
55.7
30
50
70
2000 2001 2002
Rural, p<.001Urban, p<.001
Smokefree Fast Food Restaurants
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23.021.2
15.4
27.7
30.2
27.6
0
20
40
2000 2001 2002
Rural, p=.013Urban, ns
Smokefree Restaurants
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10.05.95.1
11.88.58.9
0
20
40
2000 2001 2002
Rural, p=.004Urban, p=.001
Smokefree Outdoor Parks
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Limitations
• Telephone surveys may under-represent some populations
• All data are self-report
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Summary
• Smoking bans are becoming more common in public and private places
• Although smoking bans are more common in urban areas, this rural-urban gap does not appear to be increasing
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Social Science Research Center,Mississippi State University
www.ssrc.msstate.edu/socialclimate