Rumen Microbial Tolerance to The Use of Jatropha curcas Meal
Transcript of Rumen Microbial Tolerance to The Use of Jatropha curcas Meal
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RUMEN MICROBIAL
TOLERANCE TO THE USEOF Jatropha curcasMEAL
Ir. Anita S. Tjakradidjaja, MRur.Sc.Dr. Ir. Komang G. Wiryawan
Azimatul Ulya, SPt.
Faculty of Animal Science
Bogor Agricultural University
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INTRODUCTION
1. Limitation in availability of fossil fuel searching other
sources : oil produced from non-edible plants
JatrophacurcasL. = biodiesel
2. Byproducts of oil extraction seed meal (seed cake)
1 ton/ha byproduct from 5 ton seed/ha = potential in its
production (Makkar & Becker, 2000)3. Nutrient content : depend on inclusion of seed coat during
oil extraction
1. without seed coat high CP & EE contents, low CF content
2. with seed coat lower CP & EE contents, higher CF content
= potential use as protein supplement
4. Limitations : antinutrients/toxins : curcin & phorbolester
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Table 1. Nutrient composition J. curcas
Nutrient Without
seed coat
With
seed coat
Seed coat
Dry matter (%) 86.26 89.71 88.31
Ash (%) 7.71 5.20 4.22
Crude prot. (%) 37.56 24.28 10.21
Ether extrt. (%) 35.02 15.99 5.71
Crude fibr. (%) 7.23 38.49 59.62
N free extr. (%) 12.47 16.06 20.24
NDF (%) 16.30 57.64 93.40ADF (%) 15.86 46.78 80.90
Lignin (%) 4.51 23.98 46.00
Tjakradidjaja et al. (2007)
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Table 2. Antinutrients in J. curcas
Antinutrients Toxic variety Non toxic variety
Phorbolester (mg/g kernel) 2.79 0.11
Total phenols
(% tannic acid equiv)
0.36 0.22
Tannin (% tannic acid equiv) 0.04 0.02
Phytat (% DM) 9.40 8.90
Saponin (% diosgenin equiv) 2.60 3.40
Trypsin inhibtr (mg trpsininhibited/g sample)
21.3 26.5
Lektin (1/mg substance causinghemaglutination/ml mediumassay)
102 51
Makkar et al. (1998)
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5. Ruminants :
1. microbes in rumen able to degrade CF bacteria & fungi
2. ability to degrade CF varies among microbes & ruminantsadaptation to feed
6. Also differ in degrading antinutrients/toxins presence in feed1. mimosine S. jonesii rumen bacterium degrading mimosine
- overcoming problem of mimosine toxicity
2. other antinutrients : tannin & DABA3. adaptation to feed - important
4. possible also occur to antinutrients/toxins from J. curcasmeal
Aim of experimentTo study tolerance of rumen microbes from differentruminants to J. curcas antinutrients/toxins
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MATERIALS & METHODS
Treatments :
1. Faktor A : Rumen fluid sources - 4Cattle, Buffalo, Goat & Sheep
2. Faktor B : Incubation period 50, 3, 6, 9, & 12
Experimental design :
Factorial randomised block design 4 x 5Rumen fluids from 3 animals for each species = block
Data analysis : Anova & Contrast Orthogonal Variables
1. Fermentability Tilley & Terry method (1963) Sutardi (1979)
[NH3] microdiffusion Conway; [VFA] steam distillation2. Bacterial & protozoal populations Ogimoto & Imai (1981)
3. DM & OM degradabilities Tilley & Terry method (1963) Sutardi (1979) proximate analysis DM & OM content
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Prosedur :
- Fermentability study
1. mix ground feed sample (1 g) + buffer soln (12 ml) + RF (8 ml)2. put in fermentor tube & gas with CO2 (anerob)
3. incubate in shaker bath at 39 oC 0, 3, 6, 9 & 12 h
4. take sample for bacterial & protozoal population
5. stop fermentation (+ HgCl2)
6. centrifuge 3 000 rpm 10 min
7. take supernatant for determining [NH3] & [VFA]
1. [NH3] microdiffusion Conway
2. [VFA] steam distillation
8. use residue for analysing DM and OM contents1. DM content oven 105 oC 24 h
2. OM content ash content furnace oven 600 oC 6 8 h
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Effects of treatment factors :
1. Rumen fluid sources
1. Highly significant (P
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Table 3. Effects of rumen fluid source
Variable Cattle Buffalo Goat Sheep Anova
[NH3] mM 10.58B 13.77B 27.11A 12.74B (P
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Table 4. Effects of incubation period
Variable 0 h 3 h 6 h 9 h 12 h
[NH3] mM 10.21Bc 15.74Bb 16.91Aa 17.46Aa 20.27Aa
[VFA] mM 119.47 122.59 107.48 111.39 118.90
Bac. No.x 1012 CFU/ml
Amylolytc 2.05 1.57 1.24 1.10 1.42
Cellolytc 1.07 0.88 0.93 1.75 1.09
Prteolytc 2.88 4.00 3.76 3.82 4.04
Prto. No.
x 104 sel/ml
0.68 0.62 0.44 0.57 0.49
DM deg(%)
8.87B 9.03B 11.54A 11.40A 13.73A
OM deg(%)
11.41B 10.34B 15.11A 13.74A 16.84A
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CONCLUSION
Use of J. curcasmeal affected [NH3
] & [VFA],proteolytic bacterial & protozoal populations
The highest rslts obtained from degradation of J.curcas meal with rumen fluids of goat
No different among rumen fluids of cattle, bufallo &sheep in all variables
Microbes from rumen fluids of goats = moretolerant to antinutrients of J. curcasmeal
Optimum degradation of J. curcasmeal = 6 hincubation period the highest [NH3] & DM & OMdegradability