Rudimentary Rudimentary MovementsMovements

First forms of voluntary First forms of voluntary movementmovement

Sequential, predictable, Sequential, predictable, universaluniversal

Related to increased Related to increased motor control and motor control and movementmovement

Categories of Categories of Rudimentary SkillsRudimentary Skills

StabilityStability

Head ControlHead Control

End of 1End of 1stst month: month:–conscious control over conscious control over head & neck visiblehead & neck visible

–5 months- muscular 5 months- muscular control of head =goodcontrol of head =good

Body ControlBody Control

2 months= head and 2 months= head and chest elevationchest elevation–After chest elev. Attempts After chest elev. Attempts at rolling at rolling

–6 months - rolling leads to 6 months - rolling leads to crawlingcrawling

Rolling - first attempts Rolling - first attempts are “rigid”are “rigid”–then segmental-head, then segmental-head, shoulders, trunk, hipsshoulders, trunk, hips

–8 months - rolls front to 8 months - rolls front to back/back to frontback/back to front

Upright posturesUpright postures

Frees hands for Frees hands for reaching, graspingreaching, grasping

Sitting:Sitting:–as early as 3 mo.- assistedas early as 3 mo.- assisted–5 mo. -with little support5 mo. -with little support

May still lean forward May still lean forward due to lumbar controldue to lumbar control

7 months - self 7 months - self supported positionsupported position

8 months - without 8 months - without assistanceassistance

STANDINGSTANDING

Standing posturesStanding postures

–Infant needs supportInfant needs support–Has wide base of supportHas wide base of support–High guard positionHigh guard position–by 1 yr = standing by 1 yr = standing unassistedunassisted

LocomotionLocomotion

LocomotionLocomotion

Prone LocomotionProne Locomotion

Crawling(around 6 mo)Crawling(around 6 mo)–before creepingbefore creeping–child “drags” bodychild “drags” body– Homolateral pattern- Homolateral pattern- “commando crawl”“commando crawl”

–less matureless mature

Creeping Creeping – around 7 - 9 mo.around 7 - 9 mo.–Efficient movementEfficient movement–arms/legs move in arms/legs move in oppositionopposition

–Trunk raised off floorTrunk raised off floor

Upright locomotionUpright locomotion–walking - end product of walking - end product of movement progressionsmovement progressions

–as early as 8 monthsas early as 8 months–at 10 months with less at 10 months with less support/ 12 mo. - alonesupport/ 12 mo. - alone

ManipulationManipulation ManipulationManipulation

Reaching, grasping, Reaching, grasping, releasingreleasing

–Around 5 to 6 months Around 5 to 6 months wrist, finger, hand control wrist, finger, hand control increasedincreased

–18 mo. May release 18 mo. May release objectsobjects

Early Movement/Cognitive Early Movement/Cognitive ProgramsPrograms

Effects of ProgramsEffects of Programs

Why are more parents Why are more parents participating in early participating in early movement/ enrichment movement/ enrichment programs? programs?

Can there be negative aspects Can there be negative aspects to such programs?to such programs?

What role does socioeconomic What role does socioeconomic status have to do with status have to do with participation?participation?

Head StartHead Start What do you know about What do you know about

Head Start? Head Start? Johnson AdministrationJohnson Administration Focus is for financially Focus is for financially

disadvantageddisadvantaged Poverty is cyclicPoverty is cyclic Comprehensive Program(B-5)Comprehensive Program(B-5)

Focus of Head StartFocus of Head Start

Increasing school readinessIncreasing school readiness NurtureNurture Parents/ MedicalParents/ Medical DiversityDiversity

Swimming ProgramsSwimming Programs

What reasoning might some What reasoning might some parents have in enrolling their parents have in enrolling their infants in such a program?infants in such a program?

Findings are conflictingFindings are conflicting

Benefits:Benefits: Controversial AspectsControversial Aspects::

Problems with Swim ProgramsProblems with Swim Programs– Health related issuesHealth related issues

Stimulation ProgramsStimulation ProgramsFor At-risk InfantsFor At-risk Infants

Infant connecting with parentsInfant connecting with parents Developing the total child pays Developing the total child pays Nurturing environments help Nurturing environments help

kidskids Long term programs are Long term programs are

beneficialbeneficial