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Rubberasfalt in de wegenbouw Fedde Tolman Hollandsche Beton Groep - Civiel Netherlands Pavement...
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Rubberasfalt in de wegenbouw
Fedde Tolman
Hollandsche Beton Groep - Civiel
Netherlands Pavement Consultants bv
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contents
pavements asphalt bitumen modified bitumen rubber modified binder
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pavements
primary function: transfer forces from vehicle to earth
loads on pavements traffic
- mechanical
- noise
weather- moisture induced softening of grain material
- high temperature softening
- cracking due to restrained shrinkage
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pavement performance- crack control- evenness- fixation of particles- skid resistance- visibility noise
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applications- roads- industrial areas- airports- bridge decks- steel: structural- concrete: environmental protection- floors
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Pavement structurename material thickness
(cm)criteria
toplayer- wearing course- friction course- sealing course
asphalt, concrete,epoxy, (elements)
2 – 5 user oriented performance
structural layers asphalt, concrete,elements
8 – 25 bearing capacitysheltering lower layers fromwater ingress
foundation- bound layers- unbound layers
sand, gravel, stone,cementitious materials,slag
10 – 40 bearing capacity
improved soil removing organicmaterialmixing additions
10 - 50 bearing capacityeven settlement(frost heave)
soil even settlement
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composition asphalt mineral (type and gradation) bitumen (pen) additives pores
type size in mm(The Netherlands) function in asphaltstone (gravel) > 2 stability asphaltsand 0.063 – 2 stability asphalt, contact surfacefiller < 0.063 stability and consistency binderfibres diameter 0.01
length 1 mmconsistency binder
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Most important Dutch asphalt types
class name characteristicdense asphalt concreteopen asphalt concrete
concrete
stone (gravel, sand)asphalt concrete
most dense granular structurebitumen glue and fillingpores (2 – 4 %) to avoid excess of bitumenmoderate in cost, production and operation
porous asphalt most open structure (20 – 30 % pores)water disposal and noise reductionrisk of abrasion and clogging
stone types
stone mastic asphalt granular skeleton filled with binderstrong, abrasion resistant and durablerisk of overfilling and instability
gussasphalthot rolled asphaltinterlayersealings and coatings
mastic
joints
bituminous continuumstabilised by mineralsabrasion resistant, crack bridging, durable
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bitumen Samenstelling
– asfaltenen– maltenen– alifaten– aromaten
karakterisering– rheologisch (modulus en fasehoek)– empirisch (penetratie en verwekingspunt)– functioneel empirisch (breekpunt,
verwekingspunt, mengviscositeit)
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Polymer modifications
class type % in bitumengummi latex 3
tires 10elastomer SB, SBR, SBS 6
EPDM 4plastomer PE, PP 5
EVA 4EMA, EBA 4PVC
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Inert and chemical modifications
class type % in bitumenfibres rockwool 6
cellulose 3 ?polyester, polypropylene 6
fillers stone 40chalk 30carbon 15
natural C-H types natural asphalt 40 - 50‘gilsonite’ 5 - 10
oxidants Mn 2S 2multiphalt process -
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Consistency - temperature
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200T [C]
consis
tency
bitumen
plastomeer
elastomeer
mixing
compaction
use high T
use low T
T
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Force - ductility
0
1
0 50deformation
forc
ebitumen
plastomeer
elastomeer
SBS
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Molecular distribution
0
2,5
5
7,5
10
1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5log(mol weight)
con
cen
tra
tion
aliphaten
aromaten
polaren
asphaltenes
polymer
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Risks in modifications
- compatibility bitumen and polymer problematic (mixing of bindertypes)
- asphalt mixing and compaction higher risk of being problematic
- mechanical improvement unclear
- hot reuse in principle no problem
- registration of application regarding demolition
- quality control of procedure; tedious product control
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Rubber in asphalt
1898 bitumen + dissolved rubber C. de Caudemberge (testsections in France,Spain, Brazil, Argentinie)
1930 – 1940 rubber powder procede to Stam andStork, pulvatex, mealorub, latex) <10% and ground tire (< 25 - 50%)
research and several testsections in TheNetherlands and Netherlands Indie
1948 rubber powder 5 – 7% extension of use to wearing and structuralcourses; USA
synthetic elastomers1985 porous asphalt with rubberbitumen
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rubber in pavements: panacea?
– rubber modified binder in asphalt- stiffness, fatigue, stability (permanent deformation) - impact absorption and strength- damping of vibration- abrasion- noise- friction - reduced temperature sensitivity- durability (ageing, adhesion, friction)
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Types of rubber applications
in asphalt- rubber granulate and filler in asphalt- blocks, tiles and slabs- joints
in binder- dissolved- emulsification- powder (5 – 7%)- tyre scrap (4 – 8 %)
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motives:- improvement of pavement- recycling / waste reduction (esp. of wasted tyres)
sustainability- emission- exposure- toxicity environment
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Effect rubber addition
0
25
50
75
100
0 2,5 5 7,5 10
% rubber
Trb
pen
flow (mm)
imact (g)
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Proefvakken A10 1990 Rijksweg Vak
nr Mengseltype gewenst
bit. perc. meng-temp.
oor-deel
RW 10(HRR) dag 1
0 1 2 3 4 5
Standaard ZOAB 0/16 Rubberbitumen Rubberbitumen Bitumen 80/100 + 0,3 % organische vezels Rubberbitumen Rubberbitumen
4,5 4,5 5,5 5,5 4,5 5,5
150 170 170 150 170 170
+ = + +
RW 10(HRR) dag 2
6 7 8 9 10 11
Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA) Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA) Bitumen 80/100 + 0,6 % organische vezels Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA) Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA) Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS)
4,5 5,5 5,5 4,5 5,5 4,5
160 160 150 160 160 165
= = + = +
RW 10(HRR) dag 3
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS) Bitumen 80/100 met aangepaste gradering Bitumen 160/210 Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS) Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS) Bitumen 80/100 met aangepaste gradering Bitumen 160/210 Bitumen 80/100 (Standaard ZOAB)
5,5 5,5 4,5 4,5 5,5 5,5 4,5 4,5
165 150 140 165 165 150 140 150
= + = =
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Productie 18 juni (vakken 0 t/m 5)
aanleg ZOAB-proefvakken probleemloos vak 1 met 4,5% rubberbitumen stolling van
het bindmiddel: verpompbaarheid- bindmiddeltemperatuur verhoogd viscositeit - pomp roerketel en installatie in serie druk
vak 2 (5,5 %) geen problemen vak 4 (4,5%) zelfde problemen als vak 1 vak 5 (5,5%) geen problemen
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conclusions Technical
– bitumen are the main binding part; polymers and rubbers are specific
– mechanical properties may be improved but also worsened by rubber addition
– quality control problematic– no final qualification
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Environmental– reuse tires – reduction noise– higher production temperatures
Health and safety– exposition to tire components– higher temperatures --> more emissions
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perspectives
Rubber remains of interest for modifying binders and may become so as granulates
noise and reuse most important motives vibration and impact may be of interest