RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan

geologi

Pengertian

• Geology: The study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi

berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.

Cara mempelajari

• Mengikuti pendidikan geologi• Loka dan wahana utama:

– Perpustakaan termasuk internet– Laboratorium (studio)– Lapangan

Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke

lapangan, laboratorium dan perpustakaan!

Ilmu-ilmu terkait

MATEMATIKAFISIKA KIMIA

STATISTIKA

HIDROLOGI

GEOLOGIBIOLOGI

METEOROLOGI

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

ILMU-ILMUDASAR

KEBUMIAN

ILMU-ILMUTERAPAN

TEKNOLOGI

GEOLOGIMINYAKBUMI

GEOLOGIBAHAN GALIAN

GEOLOGIPANASBUMI

GEOLOGITEKNIK

GEOLOGILINGKUNGAN

TEKNIKPERMINYAKAN

TEKNIKPERTAMBANGAN

TEKNIKSIPIL INDUSTRI

PARIWISATA

DLL

DLL

Ilmu-ilmu antara

FISIKA

KIMIA

STATISTIKAHIDROLOGI

GEOLOGI

BIOLOGI

WISATAGEOFISIKA

GEOHIDROLOGI

GEOKIMIA

GEOSTATISTIKA

PALEONTOLOGI

GEOWISATADLL

Pertanyaan:• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

ARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGI

Cabang-cabang geologiGEOLOGI

Pertanyaan:• Mengapa cabang-cabang geologi juga

banyak?

DLL

MINERALOGI

PETROLOGI

GEOMORFOLOGI

GEOLOGISTRUKTUR

STRATIGRAFI TEKTONIKA

PALEONTOLOGI

VOLKANOLOGI

GEOLOGISEJARAH

SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan

geologi

I WONDER

• There are many diversifications in the world, but they have been being maintained in a single magnificent system and under dynamic equilibrium.

Bambang Prastistho

Our previous earth

GEOSPHERE

HYDROSPHEREATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

GEOSPHERE

ATMOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan

geologi

Why Study Geology? Because geology is all around us.

• 1. Geological Resources• 2. “The Environment” • 3. Geological Hazards

(Changes posing risks)

• 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes• 6. Historical Geology

Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

Environmental Geology

The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/

Why Study Geology?

– The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent)

– Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy

– Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…

http://encarta.msn.com/

1. Geological Resources

Misuse of Resources

These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program

2. The Environment

Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

2. The Environment

Overuse of Geologic Resources

• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming

• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)

2. The Environment (Geology in the News)

Geology in the News

• Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California

• Earthquake triggers mudslides

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

3. Geologic Hazards

San Andreas Fault

Assessing Risk“Major Quake Likely to

Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032”

• Assessing Risks• Avoiding Risks• Preventing

Damage• Predicting Impact

3. Geologic Hazards

http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/

Earthquake Bam, Iran• A Magnitude 6.5

Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03– 30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees

• US sends aid and releases sanctions

• Relations improved

Photos from AP

3. Geological HazardsVolcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes

4. Geology in EngineeringSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope

Geology in Engineering

Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.

In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures

5. Landforms and Surface Processes

• Glaciers• Mass Wasting

• Streams

• Shorelines

• Deserts

• Groundwaterhttp://www.berann.com

H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987

Sub DisciplinesAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Environmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we influence

the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us

• Engineering Geology – Geologic Materials– Foundations– Geotechnical engineering

• Geological Resources– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality – Extracting and – Understanding environmental effects of

extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources

• Historical Geology– Deciphering Earth History and – Evolution of life

Sub Disciplines (cont.)