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Transcript of RTA Manhagement
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PREFACE
History keeps throwing surprises; one such occurred in the latter half of this century with the
advent of the computer. A revolution that hits the earth without an apocalypse. The machine
was destined to charge the face of the earth and it changes our lives too.
Occasionally Computer Technology makes a dramatic break with the past. The relational
model of Data Base Management with its simple, tabular, structure and powerful Data
Manipulation operations in one such revolution. The relational model has helped focus
computer science, research on the problems of data base management and relational data base
management. System products have resulted in tremendous improvement in accessing data
and developing application.
Another revolution in computer technology client / server computing took place in the last
decade with the spread of Mini Computer and Micro-Computer. Their highly cost effective
and flexible open system have made the client/server computing possible with advances in
computing that forms come improvement in networking technology, permitting widely
dispersed computers to communicate reliably and efficiently with each other.
Modern Graphical user interface (GUIs) increasingly are replacing traditional character
mode screens, providing dramatic gains in case of use and flexibility realizing the new
application development tools reduce and one day may eliminates all together the need for
traditional programming and that most companies are designing and using application that
employ of client/server architecture, we decided to exploit the many advantages offered by
RDBMS packages and the idea to develop an application system in MS SQL using its JAVA
(Computer aided software engineering) tools.
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INTRODUCTION
RTA Information System (RTA) is an online information source developed for Road
Transport Authority to facilitate the users in applying for various licenses and
registrations.
This tool has been designed to facilitate the flow of information within the
organization.RTA provides the facility of applying licenses online, issuance of
permanent license, tax challans, and receiving payments against challans.
The objectives of proposed system are: Ensure data integrity and security, less
manpower, Generate accurate reports, Accurate handling in multiple details.
Due to expanding of computer and its applications from large enterprises to thepersonal computer, the productivity of the concerned has been increased many folds.
Today with the development of users friendly software applications at a reasonable
cost and its subsequent expansion as per the requirement has made many impossible
tasks and complex topics possible with very little effort. Today with the all round
development in software, users friendly applications require an understanding for
related terms such as intelligence, knowledge, reasoning, thought, cognition, learning
and a number of computer related terms to develop an application which can be used
in any required field with little or no knowledge. An ocean of data, details of complex
data, reports and returns, records and updating with summary details are made
available by AUTOMIZATION.
The various details /objectives of the above are discussed at length in succeeding
Paras of this Project. The subject has been included with various important details of
the particular users applications. The software has been made users friendly where it
does not require any expertise/training in operations. The proposed software has been
developed by using C#.
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NEED OF THE PROJECT
At the heart of the information system of an organization is the central expository of
corporate data that must be accessed and used by every section of the organization. This data
resource is traditionally called the database of the organization. The modern information
system primarily aims at organizing this data resource in an effective manner for flexible yet
controlled access keeping the security and privacy issues in a cost effective yet very fast,
corporate wide access.
The proposed project describes the Computerization / Automation of records for licence
information.
Keeping following in view has also evolved the objective of the proposed project: -
To develop an information system that will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the
planning and controlling functions of the RTA by providing more timely, relevant and
accurate informations to the user applied and its various records.
This system will act as key system for the organization and will assist him in the following
ways.
New registration, maintenance and slip generation
Renewal of existing System
Use advance tools for administration.
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TECHNNOLOGY USED
.NET as a Front End
This proposed software is going to be developed using the latest technology from Microsoft
called Microsoft. NET and it is the software that connects information, people, systems, and
devices. It spans clients, servers, and developer tools, and consists of:
The .NET Framework 3.0, used for building and running all kinds of software, including
Web-based applications, smart client applications, and XML Web servicescomponents that
facilitate integration by sharing data and functionality over a network through standard,
platform-independent protocols such as XML (Extensible Markup Language), SOAP, and
HTTP. Developer tools, such as Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2008, which provides an
integrated
Development environment (IDE) for maximizing developer productivity with the .NET
Framework.
A set of servers, including Microsoft Windows Server 2005, Microsoft SQL Server, and
Microsoft BizTalk Server, that integrates, runs, operates, and manages Web services and
Web-based applications.
Client software, such as Windows XP, Windows CE, and Microsoft Office XP, that helps
developers deliver a deep and compelling user experience across a family of devices and
existing products
ADVANTAGES OF NET
The .NET Framework offers a number of advantages to developers. The following
paragraphs describe them in detail.
Different programming languages have different approaches for doing a task. For example,
accessing data with a c# application and a VC++ application is totally different. When using
different programming languages to do a task, a disparity exists among the approach
developers use to perform the task. The difference in techniques comes from how different
languages interact with the underlying system that applications rely on.
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With .NET, for example, accessing data with a VB .NET and a C# .NET looks very similar
apart from slight syntactical differences. Both the programs need to import the System. Data
namespace, both the programs establish a connection with the database and both the
programs run a query and display the data on a data grid. The VB 6.0 and VC++ example
mentioned in the first paragraph explains that there is more than one way to do a particular
task within the same language. The .NET example explains that there's a unified means of
accomplishing the same task by using the .NET Class Library, a key component of the .NET
Framework.
The functionality that the .NET Class Library provides is available to all .NET languages
resulting in a consistent object model regardless of the programming language the developer
uses.
Developing an application that resides on a local machine and uses local resources is easy. In
this scenario, security isn't an issue as all the resources are available and accessed locally.
Consider an application that accesses data on a remote machine or has to perform a privileged
task on behalf of a non privileged user. In this scenario security is much more important as
the application is accessing data from a remote machine.
With .NET, the Framework enables the developer and the system administrator to specify
method level security. It uses industry-standard protocols such as TCP/IP, XML, SOAP and
HTTP to facilitate distributed application communications. This makes distributed computing
more secure because .NET developers cooperate with network security devices instead of
working around their security limitations.
SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT EFFORT
Let's take a look at this with Web applications. With classic ASP, when a developer needs to
present data from a database in a Web page, he is required to write the application logic
(code) and presentation logic (design) in the same file. He was required to mix the ASP code
with the HTML code to get the desired result.
ASP.NET and the .NET Framework simplify development by separating the application logic
and presentation logic making it easier to maintain the code. You write the design code
(presentation logic) and the actual code (application logic) separately eliminating the need to
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mix HTML code with ASP code. ASP.NET can also handle the details of maintaining the
state of the controls, such as contents in a textbox, between calls to the sameASP.NET page.
Another advantage of creating applications is debugging. Visual Studio .NET and other third
party providers provide several debugging tools that simplify application development.
The .NET Framework simplifies debugging with support for Runtime diagnostics. Runtime
diagnostics helps you to track down bugs and also helps you to determine how well an
application performs. The .NET Framework provides three types of Runtime diagnostics:
Event Logging, Performance Counters and tracing.
The .NET Framework makes it easy to deploy applications. In the most common form, to
install an application, all you need to do is copy the application along with the components it
requires into a directory on the target computer. The .NET Framework handles the details of
locating and loading the components an application needs, even if several versions of the
same application exist on the target computer. The .NET
Framework ensures that all the components the application depends on are available on the
computer before the application begins to execute.
.NET FRAMEWORKThe Microsoft .NET Framework is a software component that can be added to or is included
with the Microsoft Windows operating system. It provides a large body of pre-coded
solutions to common program requirements, and manages the execution of programs written
specifically for the framework. The .NET Framework is a key Microsoft offering, and is
intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform.
The pre-coded solutions that form the framework's class library cover a large range of
programming needs in areas including: user interface, data access, database connectivity,
cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network
communications. The functions of the class library are used by programmers who combine
them with their own code to produce applications.
Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment that manages
the program's runtime requirements. This runtime environment, which is also a part of the
.NET Framework, is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides
the appearance of an application virtual machine, so that programmers need not consider the
capabilities of the specific CPU that will execute the program. The CLR also provides other
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important services such as security mechanisms, memory management, and exception
handling. The class library and the CLR together compose the .NET Framework. The
framework is intended to make it easier to develop computer applications and to reduce the
vulnerability of applications and computers to security threats.
First released in 2002, it is included with Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2003 and
Windows Vista, and can be installed on older versions of Windows.
Microsoft .NET Framework was designed with several intentions:
Interoperability - Because interaction between new and older applications is
commonly required, the .NET Framework provides means to access functionality that is
implemented in programs that execute outside the .NET environment. Access to COM
components is provided in the System.Runtime.InteropServices andSystem.EnterpriseServices namespaces of the framework, and access to other functionality is
provided using the P/Invoke feature.
Common Runtime Engine - Programming languages on the .NET Framework compile into an
intermediate language known as the Common Intermediate Language, or CIL (formerly
known as Microsoft Intermediate Language, or MSIL). In Microsoft's implementation, this
intermediate language is not interpreted, but rather compiled in a manner known as just-in-
time compilation (JIT) into native code. The combination of these concepts is called the
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), a specification; Microsoft's implementation of the
CLI is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
Language Independence - The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or
CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible data types and programming constructs
supported by the CLR and how they may or may not interact with each other. Because of this
feature, the .NET Framework supports development in multiple programming languages.
This is discussed in more detail in the .NET languages section below.
Base Class Library - The Base Class Library (BCL), sometimes referred to as
the Framework Class Library (FCL), is a library of types available to all languages using
the .NET Framework. The BCL provides classes which encapsulate a number of common
functions, including file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction and
XML document manipulation.
Simplified Deployment - Installation of computer software must be carefully managed to
ensure that it does not interfere with previously installed software, and that it conforms to
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increasingly stringent security requirements. The .NET framework includes design features
and tools that help address these requirements.
Security - .NET allows for code to be run with different trust levels without
the use of a separate sandbox.A design goal of the .NET Framework was to support platform independence[citation
needed]. That is, a program written to use the framework should run without change on any
type of computer for which the framework is implemented. However, Microsoft has only
implemented the full .NET framework on the Windows operating system. Microsoft and
others have implemented portions of the framework on non-Windows systems, but to date
these implementations are neither complete nor widely used, so full cross-platform support
has not been achieved.
What Is Database Management System?
A database management system is essentially a collection of interrelated data and set of
programs to access this data. The collection of data is called DATABASE. The primary
objective of DBMS is to provide a convenient environment to retrieve and store database
information. Database system supports single user and multi-user. While DBMS let only one
person to access data.
A Database consists of two parts namely the database management and the database
application. Database management systems the programs that organize and maintain the
information whereas the database application is the program that let us view, retrieve and
update information stored in DBMS. DBMS has to protect database against unintentional thatcould be caused by the users and application like disk crack etc and in case of multi-user
system; it must be capable of notifying any database change to the other user.
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Characteristics of a Database Management System
It represents complex relationship between data.
Keep a tight control of data redundancy.
Enforces user-defined rules to ensure the integrity of table data.
Has centralized data dictionary for the storage of information pertaining to data and its
manipulation
Ensures that data can be shared across authorization.
Enforces data access authorization.
Has automatic, intelligent back up and recovery procedures for data.
Have different interfaces which users can manipulate data.
Database Management System Offers the Following Services
Data Definition: It is a method of data definition and storage.
Data Maintenance: It checks whether each record has fields containing all
information about one particular item.
Data Manipulation: Allows data in the database to be inserted, updated, deleted and
stored
Data Display: This helps in viewing data.
Data Integrity: This ensures the accuracy of the data.
Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects: Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects, also called ADO, is a
library that was developed to allow programmers with other environments to create and
manage Microsoft Access databases. To support this, it provides a driver that allows these
other programming environments to "attach" their applications to a Microsoft Access
database. Like Microsoft Access' own library, you can use ADO inside of Microsoft Access
to fully create and manage a database.
Microsoft ADOX: Microsoft ActiveX Data Object Extensions for Data Definition Language
and Security, also called ADOX, is an addition to ADO. Besides many of the ADOoperations it can perform, you can use it for additional assignments such as creating a
database.
ADO.NET: ADO.NET is a technique developed by Microsoft and that is part of the .NET
Framework. This technology allows you to use one or more libraries of the .NET Framework
and one or more of the languages of the .NET Framework to create and manage a database.
Although its name includes ADO, ADO.NET is neither ADO nor a real
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
A process model for software engineering is chosen based on the nature of the project
and application, the method and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables that are
required in the paper on the nature of software process.
All software development can be characterized as a problem solving loop in
which four distinct stages are encountered:
Status quo, problem definition, technical development and solution integration.
Status quo represents the current state of affairs. Problem definition identifies the
specific problem to be solved; Technical development solves the problem through the
application of some technology. Solution integration delivers the results (e.g. documents,
programs, data, new business function, new product) to those who requested the solution in
the first place.
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ANALYSIS
One of the most difficult tasks of system analysis is developing a clear in depth
understanding of the problem being investigated, without which it becomes impossible to
specify the requirements for a new project with any accuracy. Careful analysis suggests a
number of different problems, the problem of reliability, accuracy, timeliness, validity, and
the problem of economy.
For better understanding and assimilation of the proposed project, it is proposed that the
existing manual methods for keeping the various data records of the Organization is
problematic and existing infrastructure are not able to cope up with ever increasing expansion
demand of the Organization. Due to which the profit of the Organization is reducing and has
become the problem for the management. The management has now decided to address the
existing problems of the manual system and decided automation of the Organization. The
adopted system should cover a very broad spectrum of requirement / concepts which mean an
organized relationship among the functioning units or components to achieve the
predetermined goals. An organization combines policies, personnel, equipment and computer
facilities to co-ordinate the activities of an organization.
Basically an organization dealing with various activities represents an organized way of
achieving the predetermined objectives of an organization. For automation the records /
requirements of the Medicos as proposed in this project, the system has been defined
consisting of orderly grouping of inter dependent components linked together. Thecomponent may refer to physical parts (like engines, wheels of a car), managerial steps
(planning, organization, controlling) or a sub system in a multilevel structure. The component
may be simple or complex, basic or advanced. They may be single computers with a
keyboard, memory and printer or a series of intelligent terminals linked to a mainframe. In
either case each component is a part of the total system and has to do its own share of work
for the system to achieve the desired goal.
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I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e n e e d
Following characteristics of a system have been considered for the proposed project: -
Efficiency in managing business
An efficient system is a system which gives us right information at right time. For e.g.:- the
processing of leave information of employees is very important for the organization as it
helps in structuring the salary , assigning the work of the person on leave to any other
employee so that the work is not hampered because of any employees absence, to record the
number of leaves taken, leave balances of the employees. Resource planning assumes greater
importance and the management would need timely information about employee leave status
if they are to keep all the courses running and also to keep the employees satisfied. Employee
satisfaction would spell a low turnover rate and would thus reduce recruitment costs.
Need to manage business critical functions
There are various functions which are very critical to the organization. These critical
functions or business processes need to be run efficiently and effectively so that the
management can focus on process improvements and employee satisfaction. Some of the
functions are very difficult to be monitored manually. for e.g.:- assigning of faculties to the
number of batches, processing of the leave application, processing of reimbursement forms,
requisitions and retrieving reports at different times.
Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to
achieve objectives. In the design of the automation, for example, the hierarchical
relationships starting with the President (owner) on the top and leading downwards.Accordingly the above system is designed around an input device, a central processing unit,
an output device and one or more storage units. When these units are linked together, they
work as a whole system for generating information.
Interaction
Interaction refers to the procedure in which each component functions with other components
of the system. The inter-relationship between these components enables the computer to
perform.
InterdependenceInterdependence means that component of the organization or computer system depends on
one another. They are coordinated and linked together in a planned way to achieve an
objective.
Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system is tied together. It is more than sharing a physical
part or locations. It means that parts of the system work together within the system even
though each part performs a unique function.
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Central Objective
Central objective is the last characteristics of a system. Objective may be real or stated. The
important point is that users must be aware about the central objective well in advance.
Outputs
We must determine what the objectives or goals are, what do we intend to achieve, what is
the purpose of our work.
Inputs
As stated above, input for the various details must be decided in detail so that all
requirements of the system achieved. The important elements during automation of the RTA
will be considered are: -
Accuracy
Timeliness
Proper format of files & Processes
During analysis of the above sub systems, an initial overall idea of the requirements of the
system was formed, and accordingly the characteristics of the particular system were
determined. The above approach provides us a set of procedures for solving particular
requirements. Beside this a detailed schedule of the three subsystems was prepared. To avoid
any future problems to the management, various facts to develop the complete picture of the
automation have also been investigated further, which include: -
Analysis of facts, determine of feasibility, definition of users requirements and other factors
include Medicos requirement.
Current Paper Documentation, Accounting procedure manuals, financial statement,
management policies, organization charts, job description and other forms of paper evidence
are reviewed to determine how the organization is operating and how it plans to operate.
Current paper documentation will be used to reinforce the definition of relationship between
the various divisions of the Hospital, interdivisional functions and people within the
divisions.
The detailed analysis of the three proposed modules in this project are been done to meet the
various requirements of the system before proceeding to the next phase of the project i.e.
Feasibility study of the system.
P r e l i m i n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n
The first step in the system development life cycle is the preliminary investigation. It is the
collecting of information that helps the team members in evaluating the merits of the project
request and thus make an informed judgment about the feasibility of the proposed project.
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For this proposed system we have done some preliminary investigation and gathered data
through primary methods.
Reviewing organization documentsFirstly we have to learn about the organization involved in or affected by the project. We
reviewed the working of the different departments of the organization and who are the
persons directly associated with the departments who are going to interact with the system.
On site observations
In this process we monitored the office environment, the workload of the system and the
users, methods of work and the facilities provided by the organization to the users. The
purpose of on site observation is to get as specific as possible to the real system beingstudied.
Conducting interviews
The last two techniques tell us how the system should operate, but they do not include
enough details for a decision to be made. We prepared a questionnaire for the users of the
proposed system to learn more about the nature of the project request and the depth to which
users may retrieve information from it. Sometimes we also conduct interviews to provide
details that further explain the project and show whether assistance is merited economically,operationally and technically.
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
The first step in the system development life cycle is the preliminary investigation to
determine the feasibility of the system. Preliminary investigation examines project feasibility,
the likelihood of the system being useful to the organization. The basic aim of the preliminary
investigation is to evaluate project requests. Basically it is the collecting of information that
helps management committee members to evaluate the merits of the project request and make
an informed judgment about the feasibility of the proposed project. In our proposed project,
during preliminary investigation following objectives are achieved:-
The requirement of the proposed RTA NORMS has been clearly understood.
All the possible alternative approaches have been checked to find the best approach.
Operationally feasibility of the alternative approaches has been checked. Best feasible approach for the proposed system found.
Investigation of the proposed project of hospital carried out by adopting the technique given in
the succeeding paras.
Reviewing Organization Documents
In this the complete requirement of the above modules including various charts studies and
written operating procedures are reviewed. Various procedures clearly defining important
steps in formulating, receiving, managing and processing details are studied.
On site Observation
Datas requiring for immunization, detail of USER APPLICATION, Immunization details
reports and returns whereas similar details for Path Lab to include type of test, reports and
returns, cash summary etc collected at the site and studied to see the work environment.
Conducting Interview
After getting inside depth knowledge about the system, it can be visualized the system,
operation and its performance. For knowing systems ability to the requirement, conducting
interview systems is also adopted. This technique assists in analyzing whether the above
modules are economically, operationally and technically feasible or not.
Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. The process
followed in making this determination is called a feasibility study. This type of study
determines if a project can and should be taken. Once it has been determined that a project is
feasible. The project is then progressed further. Different types of feasibility study are carried
out to get the most optimum system. Among them these are:-
Technical feasibility. Operational feasibility.
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Economic feasibility.
Social feasibility.
Management feasibility.
Legal feasibility.
Time feasibility Technical Feasibility.
Technical Feasibility
This is concerned with specifying equation and software that will successfully satisfy the user
requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include:
The facility to produce outputs in a given time.
Response time under certain conditions.
Ability to process a certain transaction at a particular speed.
Facility to communicate data to distant location.
In examining technical feasibility, configuration of the system is given more important than
the actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the complete picture about the
systems requirements. How many workstations are required? How these units are
interconnected so that they could operate and communicate smoothly.
Operational Feasibility
Proposed Systems are beneficial only if they can be termed into information systems that will
meet the operating requirements of the organization. This test of feasibility asks if the system
will work when it is developed and installed. It is mainly related to human organizational and
political aspects. The points to be considered are:
Aspects of changes due to the system.
Changes in the organizational structure.
Training required implementing the system.
Economic Feasibility
It is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system
and is also known as cost benefit analysis. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy
at each phase of the system life cycle. A system that can be developed technically and that
will be used if installed must be cost effective for the organization .At the end of the day the
system is proposed for financial benefits to the organization. Here we estimate the following:-
The cost to conduct a full systems investigation.
The cost of hardware and software for the application.
The cost if nothing changes (i.e. the proposed system is not developed)
The costs involved in traveling to the site, paper work, food during the system investigation
were very nominal, the cost of hardware and the software required to develop this application
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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The software requirement specification is produced at the culmination of the analysis task.
The function and performance allocated to various software as establishing by developing a
detailed validation criteria as per the following refines part of system engineering: -
Introduction of the software requirements
Information Description
Function Description
Validation Criterion
Bibliography and Appendix
The introduction of the software requirements specification states the goals and objectives of
the software, describing it in the context of the computer based system. However, the
introduction may be nothing more than the software scope of planning document for the
modules.
The information Description
It provides a detailed description of the problem that the software must solve. In the proposed
system the requirement has been collected from the user as well as from the existing systems
keeping in view of the future advancement and its expansion. Information content, flow, and
structure are documented. Hardware, software, and human interfaces are described forexternal system elements and internal software function.
Functional Description
It described the details of each function which have been used to solve the problem has been
presented. This also used to provide processing narrative for each function, design constraints
with justification and performance characteristics. Behavioral Description of the specification
examines the operation of the software as a consequence of external events and internally
generated control characteristics. Validation Criteria is probably the most important section
of the Software.
Requirement Specification
For a successful implementation of any software it must qualify all classed of tests so that it
can validate function performance, and constraints. This act as an implicit review of all other
requirements. Finally the specification includes a Bibliography and Appendix. The
bibliography contains references to all documents that relate to the software. Efforts have
been made to include all-important reference of the proposed system. In many cases the
software requirements specification may be accompanied by an executable prototype (which
in some cases may replace the specification), a paper prototype or a preliminary users
manual presents the software as a black box. That is, heavy emphasis is placed on user input
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and the resultant output. The manual can serve as a valuable tool for uncovering problems at
the human/machine interface.
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REGISTRATION
Usern
ame
confirm
ation
USER
LOGIN
Enter
user
info.
Entered
information SEARCHPROFILE
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System Administration & Project security
Users Maintenance
This module is used to manage and create the different level of users who operate this system
according their operation, like in this system only system administrator have rights to delete
data from the system related to various patients test perform by the organization.
Changing Password
This module is only accessible by the system administrator who has the rights to change the
password of all users who operate this system.
Backup
Balance Entry
This module is used to update the patients balance, which is left at the time of patients test
time.
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DFD
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L i c e n s eR E P O R T
DATABASE
ADD
USERTEST:
COMPUTER, GK
ETC.TC
RTO
REGISTRATION
DATABASE
ENQUEIRY REGUSTRATI
ON
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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
I have used the following hardware for the development of this project:-
PROCESSOR INTEL PENTIUM III 800 MHz
RAM 128 MB
CACHE 256 KB
HDD 20 GB
FDD 1.44 MB
MOUSE LOGITECH
KEYBOARD TVS GOLD
PRINTER HP 3420
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System design is the creative act of invention, developing new inputs, a database, offline
files, method, procedures and output for processing business data to meet
organization objectives. System designs build information gathered during the
system analysis.
Characteristic of a Well-Designed System
The characteristics associated with effective system operation are:
Acceptability
Decision making ability
Economy
Flexibility
Reliability Simplicity
In design an efficient and effective system, it is of almost importance to consider the human
factor and equipment that these will require to use. System analyst must evaluate the
capabilities and limitations of the personal and corresponding factors of the equipment itself.
Success of a new system pivots on its acceptance or non-acceptance by organization personal.
If operating personal are convinced that new system will not benefit them, it is appears one,
the system is in serious trouble. To over come this resistance participation by operating personal during all phases of the change over is necessary because they constitute the
organization, which must use alive with newly designed system.
An effective system produces not only information at the lowest cost, pertinent and timely for
making decision. For economic operation, data should be captured as near to its source as
possible and allowed to follow through the system automatically from that point. Eliminating
duplicate information file, reducing the provision for every possible contingency are the
examples of improving the operation in an economic manner. To be effective the systemmust be flexible capable of adapting to changing environmental condition. With out the
ability to absorb changes an organization may lose customer good will as encounter problems
with its own personal. Reliability of the system refers to consistence of operation.
The system design considerations are: -
The design objective that include practicality, efficiency, security etc.
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The constraints, which include the hardware, software, budget, time, scale and the interface
with all other systems.
The processing techniques, which include batch processing, real time processing and on-
line processing
The operations.
Input Design
Input design is the process of converting the user-oriented description of input to a computer
based business information system into a programmer-oriented specification. The objective
of input design is to create an input layer that is easy to follow and prevent operator errors. It
covers all phases of input from creation of initial data into actual entry of the data to the
system for processing. The input design is the link that ties the system into the world of itsusers.
The main processors in this system are placing an order for an item, actual purchase of the
oriented item and issuing the item as per the demand from the concerned department. For the
smooth operation of these processes there are nine data entry screen.
While entering the data, the operator need to know the allocated space for each field, the
format in which data fields are entered, and the name of the item for the specified code if any.
In addition to this, the input design phase makes sure that data item and transaction have
validation to detect errors and comments to warn the user of a wrong input. Control wasensured for entering input data.
Input controls provided way to: -
Ensure that only authorized users access the system.
Guarantee that transaction is acceptable.
alidate the data for accuracy.
Determine whether any necessary data have been omitted
Output Design
Output design includes listings, summaries, documents etc. many of the output provide the
link between the data processing system itself and it ultimate uses the organization customers
and vendors plus organizational personal at all levels.
Currently there are many types of system output that can be in corporate into a new system,
because hardware and peripheral devices are capable of producing a variety of outputs
quickly.
The output from a computer system can take a variety of forms. The most common are
Printed outputs
Visual Outputs Microfilm output Secondary storage output Plotter output etc.
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Code Design
When large volume of data is being handled, it is important that the item be identified, stored,
or selected easily and quickly. To accomplish this each
ADVANTAGES
>> Automation of registration process
>> Easy to handle students data.
>> Allow licence applied user to refer to their own data and few important information.
>> Reduces wastage of time and paper.
>> Easily transferable.
>> Easily and time saving process.
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DISADVANTAGES
>> Backup of database is required.
>> Any problem in the software can create an obstacle to registration process.
>> Coding is time consuming.
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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The most notable features which were not implemented in the system are licence
management and a more intuitive order item notes interface.
These features were not implemented because of time constraints. The process of removing
features from software when time is running out is known as feature cutting. A drawback of
removing features at such a late stage in the project is that some time will probably have
already been wasted on the design or partial implementation of these features.
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REFRENCES
Microsoft Development Library 2008
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 by Willey Publication
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 by Apress Publication
Microsoft Official Learning Website ie www.msdn.microsoft.com
www.csharpcorner.com
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http://www.msdn.microsoft.com/http://www.csharpcorner.com/http://www.msdn.microsoft.com/http://www.csharpcorner.com/