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RSL Fiber Systems, LLC

This presentation is the sole property of RSL Fiber

Systems, LLC. It cannot be copied or duplicated in whole

or in part without the written consent of RSL Fiber

Systems, LLC.

National Shipbuilding Research Program

San Diego - December 7, 2015

Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing

For Naval Combatants

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“Today we inspect. By 2020 most systems will do

self diagnostics…”Ron Vernier, CIO, Hartford Steam Boiler Co.

1. System Health Monitoring for Predictive Maintenance

2. Multi-Functional Control and Monitoring Systems

3. Multi-Functional Hardware

4. Networked Systems

INDUSTRY TRENDS

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● Crew size reduction

● Maintenance costs

● Long deployments

● Short maintenance cycle

● Topside electronics / EMI

● Technologically advanced enemies

US FLEET REALITIES

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FIBER OPTIC SENSING TECHNOLOGIES

Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)

Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

Fiber Optic Remote Methane Sensing

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TEMPERATURE - INDICATORS

Fire

Power cables’ amperage

Electrical system malfunctions

Machinery operation

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WHY DISTRIBUTED TEMPERTURE SENSING

• Large number of sensors are needed

• Exact sensor location is unclear

• Electrical temperature monitoring is impractical

• Electrical temperature monitoring is unsafe

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• Standard MM 50/125, 62.5/125 or SM fiber

• Entire fiber is the sensing unit – up to 1000 zones per fiber channel

• Up to 30 Km MM, 40 Km SM - real time monitoring thru entire length

• Temperature rise of 0.5ºC

• Spatial Resolution down to 50 cm

• Spatial Interval down to 15 cm

DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSING

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© LIOS TECHNOLOGY

RAMAN – DTS CONCEPT

• Temperature measurement is based on Raman Scattering: Inelastic collisions of photons

with atoms or molecules along the optical fiber. If photon loses energy to the wall, the

scattered wavelength is longer (Stokes). If a scattered photon gains energy from the

wall, the energy is larger therefore the wavelength is shorter (Anti-Stokes)

• Raman wavelengths are predictable and symmetric

• Stokes is Quasi-Temperature Insensitive

• Anti-Stokes is Temperature Sensitive

Peak Increases as Temperature Increases Higher Oscillation Energy

• Temperature calculated by Comparing Stokes to Anti-Stokes

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OFDR VS. OTDR

Optical Time Domain Reflectometry = Pulsed Laser

Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry = Frequency sweep of

continuous laser light

Parameters OTDR OFDR

Pulse Broadening 50 ns @ 2 Km can turn into 70 ns

pulse at 25 Km Location

Uncertainty

Operation without pulses No pulse

broadening. Operation in Frequency

Domain. No Location Uncertainty.

Reliability Pulsed Laser Light = Wear on laser

electronics Laser wear

No Pulses = No Laser wear Better

Reliability (MTBF > 33 years)

Dead Zones Poor terminations with reflections at

splice ends can create dead zones of

10’s of meters. Will not detect

temperature and spatial resolution in

those regions

Not affected by poor terminations and

splices. Temperature and location

always exact.

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LIOS DTS uses Raman Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR)

• Allows for a high and constant spatial resolution over long distances

• Improves long term reliability

OFDR Approach:

• Continuous wave operation

• Backscatter signal is measured in a complex fashion as a function of the modulation frequency

SENSING TECHNOLOGY

• Laser Light is FM modulated

• Controller receives # of

backscattered frequency data

• Measurement of backscattering in

the frequency domain

• Fourier Transformation to time

domain

• Intensity of Stokes & Anti-Stokes

signal is directly coupled to the

intensity of the lattice oscillation

i.e. to the local temperature

• Calculation of the temperature

profile using the internal fiber

(~150 m) as reference.

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ZONES AND ALARMS PARAMETERS

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OPERATION, DISPLAYS, DATA

Charon 3

Visualization

Software

Charon 4

Customer

Monitoring &

Control

System

LIOS Analysis

Tools

Commission

Controller

Only

Continuously Monitors and

saves data to buffer

.rft File

Hardware

Output OPTIONS

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DTS - INDUSTRY APPLICATIONSOil & Gas

• Wells drilling

• Pipelines leakage detection

• LNG / CNG tanks monitoring

Transit/Transportation

• Fire Detection

Energy Generation

• Reactor Skin temperature monitoring

• Power cable and transmission line monitoring

• Powerplant conditions monitoring

and life extension

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DTS - IMPLEMENTATION

Oil & Gas – Pipelines Leakage Detection

© LIOS TECHNOLOGY

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DTS - IMPLEMENTATIONPower Generation – Reactor Skin Temperature Monitoring

• Sensor Cable – Fiber in Metal

Tube (FIMT)

• Cable attached to reactor with

magnets (No Welding)

• Measuring surface temperature

of reactor and tubes

© LIOS TECHNOLOGY

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DTS - IMPLEMENTATIONLNG – Containment Integrity Monitoring

• Full time monitoring of entire containment

• Redundant system (two DTS)

• No maintenance around containment

Temperature

Monitoring of Entire

Containment© LIOS TECHNOLOGY

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DTS - IMPLEMENTATION

Power Cables Monitoring

• Real Time Thermal Monitoring / Rating (RTTR)

• Hot spots detection

• Fiber can be embedded in cables or placed

along cables

Power Cable with

Embedded Fibers

© AP Sensing

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DTS – FIBER OPTIC CABLESAPPLICATION WHERE

INSTALLED

TEMPERATURE

RANGE

CABLE TYPE

Fire Detection Cable Trays -40°C to +85°C MIL-PRF-85045/16

Cable RTTR(1) Cable Trays -40°C to +85°C MIL-PRF-85045/16

Cable RTTR Internal to Cable -40°C to +85°C FIMT(2) w/Acrylate

Coated Fiber

LNG Containment Containment

Outside Wall

-180°C to +85°C

(Cryogenic)

FIMT w/Polyimide

Coated Fiber

MV / HV Electrical

Panels

Inside Electrical

Panels

-40°C to +[TBD]°C High Temp

Polyimide Cable

(250°C) or FIMT for

Higher Temperature

(1) RTTR – Real Time Thermal Rating

(2) FIMT – Fiber In Metal Tube

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DTS – CONNECTORS & SPLICES

CONNECTORS at DTS

• E 2000

• Angle Polish

CONNECTIONS ALONG SENSING CABLE

• Fusion splicing

• Minimize attenuation losses and back reflections

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DTS – Possible Shipboard Applications

Shipboard

Monitoring &

Control

System

● Fire detection

● MV and HV electrical panels monitoring

● Machinery health monitoring

● Cabling systems health monitoring

● Others…

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DTS SHIPBOARD IMPLEMANTATION

SENSING

APPLICATION

● Equipment

Monitoring

● Fire Detection

2001

Integrated

Sensing

SystemINCORPORATE IN

SHIPBOARD

ENVIRONMENT

● Equipment

location

● Cable layout

● Sensing zones

configuration

● Alarms set up

INTEGRATE

SYSTEM

● Integrate in

ship-wide

monitoring

systems

SENSING

HARDWARE

● DTS

Equipment

● Cable

● Connectors

● Splices /

Hardware

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POSSIBLE DTS SHIPBOARD APPLICATION

Fiber

Cable

Integration

into Power

Cable or

Placement in

Trays

Sensing Zones

Configuration

Alarm

Parameters

Solution:

Early warning to

potentially

dangerous

situations

Problems:

Fire, Cable

damage,

Electrical faults

Integration

Into ship

control &

monitoring

system

22 May 2008: USS George Washington fire - $ 70 Million Damage

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Contact Information

Giovanni Tomasi

CEO/CTO

(860) 282-4930 ext. 4929

(860) 305-5610

gptomasi@rslfibersystems.com

RSL Fiber Systems, LLC255 Pitkin Street

East Hartford, Connecticut 06108 USA

www.rslfibersystems.com