RPTB Overview - Objectives To provide a framework to identify credible incidents/dismiss hoaxes. To...
-
Upload
brayan-downs -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of RPTB Overview - Objectives To provide a framework to identify credible incidents/dismiss hoaxes. To...
RPTB Overview - ObjectivesRPTB Overview - Objectives To provide a framework to identify To provide a framework to identify
credible incidents/dismiss hoaxes.credible incidents/dismiss hoaxes. To serve as a Planning Tool that can To serve as a Planning Tool that can
be adapted to a specific user’s needsbe adapted to a specific user’s needs To provide guidance from the time of To provide guidance from the time of
discovery through remediation and discovery through remediation and return to normal operationreturn to normal operation
RPTB Overview - Response RPTB Overview - Response GuidanceGuidance
Offers guidance on…Offers guidance on… Whom to notifyWhom to notify Actions to takeActions to take How to conduct a ‘Threat Evaluation’How to conduct a ‘Threat Evaluation’ How to collect samplesHow to collect samples How to analyze samplesHow to analyze samples How to remediate and recoverHow to remediate and recover
RPTB Overview - OrganizationRPTB Overview - Organization
Six modules:Six modules:1. Water Utility Planning Guide1. Water Utility Planning Guide
2. Contamination Threat Management Guide2. Contamination Threat Management Guide
3. Site Characterization & Sampling Guide3. Site Characterization & Sampling Guide
4. Analytical Guide4. Analytical Guide
5. Public Health Response Guide5. Public Health Response Guide
6. Remediation and Recovery Guide6. Remediation and Recovery Guide Module ‘0’ provides an OverviewModule ‘0’ provides an Overview
Module RelationshipsModule Relationships
Potential UsersPotential Users
Drinking water utilitiesDrinking water utilities LaboratoriesLaboratories Emergency respondersEmergency responders State drinking water programsState drinking water programs Technical assistance providersTechnical assistance providers Public health officialsPublic health officials EPA and other federal agenciesEPA and other federal agencies Law enforcementLaw enforcement
Application of ModulesApplication of Modules
Module 1: Module 1: Water Utility Planning GuideWater Utility Planning Guide
Planning
Module 1: Module 1: Water Utility Planning GuideWater Utility Planning Guide
Overview of contamination threats and Overview of contamination threats and incidents:incidents: Threat warning sources Threat warning sources Due Diligence – threat responseDue Diligence – threat response
Preparing for contamination threats:Preparing for contamination threats: Updating ERPsUpdating ERPs Establish ICSEstablish ICS Develop communication planDevelop communication plan Enhance physical securityEnhance physical security
THREATWARNING
SecurityBreach
WitnessAccount
Notification byPerpetrator
Notification byLaw Enforcement
ConsumerComplaint
Public HealthNotification
Warnings of Potential Warnings of Potential ContaminationContamination
Notification byNews Media
Unusual WaterQuality
Contamination Threat vs. Contamination Threat vs. IncidentIncident
Contamination threatContamination threat – an indication – an indication that a contaminant may have been that a contaminant may have been introduced (not confirmed).introduced (not confirmed).
Contamination incidentContamination incident - the confirmed - the confirmed presence of a harmful substance presence of a harmful substance (requires a response)(requires a response)
Module 2:Module 2:Contamination Threat Management Contamination Threat Management
GuideGuide
Module 2:Module 2:Contamination Threat Management Contamination Threat Management
GuideGuide
Module 2 provides:Module 2 provides:
A framework for decision-makingA framework for decision-making
A threat evaluation and management A threat evaluation and management processprocess
Descriptions of response actionsDescriptions of response actions
Threat Evaluation and Threat Evaluation and Management ProcessManagement Process
Evaluation of all available information Evaluation of all available information to determine if contamination is:to determine if contamination is: ‘‘Possible’Possible’ ‘‘Credible’Credible’ ‘‘Confirmed’Confirmed’
Work with minimal informationWork with minimal information Iterative process that is updated as Iterative process that is updated as
more information becomes availablemore information becomes available
Players in the Players in the Threat Management ProcessThreat Management Process
Drinking water utilities (WUERM)Drinking water utilities (WUERM) Drinking water primacy agencyDrinking water primacy agency Public health officialsPublic health officials Emergency respondersEmergency responders Local law enforcementLocal law enforcement FBIFBI
Is the Threat ‘Possible’?Is the Threat ‘Possible’?
A threat is deemed ‘possible’ if the A threat is deemed ‘possible’ if the circumstances indicate the opportunity circumstances indicate the opportunity for contaminationfor contamination
One-hour target for ‘possible’ stageOne-hour target for ‘possible’ stage
Is the Threat ‘Possible’?Is the Threat ‘Possible’? Information available at ‘possible’ stage:Information available at ‘possible’ stage:
Details of the threat warningDetails of the threat warning
If a threat is ‘possible’, potential If a threat is ‘possible’, potential response actions include:response actions include: Isolation and containmentIsolation and containment Initiate site characterization and samplingInitiate site characterization and sampling
Is the Threat ‘Credible’?Is the Threat ‘Credible’?
A threat is deemed ‘credible’ if additional A threat is deemed ‘credible’ if additional information corroborates the threatinformation corroborates the threat
2 - 8 hour target for ‘credible’ stage.2 - 8 hour target for ‘credible’ stage.
Is the Threat ‘Credible’?Is the Threat ‘Credible’?
Information available at ‘credible’ stage:Information available at ‘credible’ stage: Site characterization results.Site characterization results. Information from external resourcesInformation from external resources
If a threat is ‘credible’, potential response If a threat is ‘credible’, potential response actions include:actions include: Public notificationPublic notification Sample analysis & more site characterizationSample analysis & more site characterization
Is the Threat ‘Confirmed’?Is the Threat ‘Confirmed’? A contamination incident is confirmed A contamination incident is confirmed
once conclusive evidence is obtainedonce conclusive evidence is obtained
May take several days to confirmMay take several days to confirm
Confirmation of a threat Confirmation of a threat through:through:
Results of Sample Analysis:Results of Sample Analysis: Advantage: provides definitive evidenceAdvantage: provides definitive evidence Disadvantage: may ‘miss’ contaminant during Disadvantage: may ‘miss’ contaminant during
sampling or design of analytical approachsampling or design of analytical approach Preponderance of Evidence:Preponderance of Evidence:
Results of site characterizationResults of site characterization Assessment by law enforcementAssessment by law enforcement Assessment by public health agenciesAssessment by public health agencies Additional factors and informationAdditional factors and information
Is the Threat ‘Confirmed’?Is the Threat ‘Confirmed’? Information available at ‘confirmed’ stage:Information available at ‘confirmed’ stage:
Results of sample analysesResults of sample analyses Additional site characterizationAdditional site characterization Information from external resourcesInformation from external resources
If a threat is ‘confirmed’, potential If a threat is ‘confirmed’, potential response actions include:response actions include: Revising of actions taken to protect publicRevising of actions taken to protect public Planning for remediation and recoveryPlanning for remediation and recovery
Threat Threat Management Management
ProcessProcess
Module 3: Site Characterization Module 3: Site Characterization and Sampling Guideand Sampling Guide
Module 3: Site Characterization Module 3: Site Characterization and Sampling Guideand Sampling Guide
Intended for water utility staff and first Intended for water utility staff and first respondersresponders
Contains procedures for conducting site Contains procedures for conducting site characterization activitiescharacterization activities
Implemented at ‘possible’ stage to establish Implemented at ‘possible’ stage to establish ‘credible’ and ‘confirmed’ threat‘credible’ and ‘confirmed’ threat
Site Characterization Site Characterization ProceduresProcedures
PlanningPlanning by the WUERM and/or by the WUERM and/or Incident CommanderIncident Commander
ImplementationImplementation by the Site by the Site Characterization TeamCharacterization Team Site EvaluationSite Evaluation Field safety screeningField safety screening Rapid field testing of the waterRapid field testing of the water Sample collectionSample collection
Site Characterization Site Characterization ProcessProcess
Five StagesFive Stages Customizing the PlanCustomizing the Plan Approaching the SiteApproaching the Site Characterizing the SiteCharacterizing the Site Collecting SamplesCollecting Samples Exiting the SiteExiting the Site
1. Customizing the Plan1. Customizing the Plan
Site Characterization Plan customized Site Characterization Plan customized based on nature of threat (4 hazard based on nature of threat (4 hazard categories)categories) low, radiological, chemical, and/or low, radiological, chemical, and/or
biologicalbiological Site characterization team assembled Site characterization team assembled
based on type of threat and safety based on type of threat and safety needs needs
2. Approaching the Site2. Approaching the Site Establishing site zones:Establishing site zones:
Site perimeter and staging areaSite perimeter and staging area Protective action zone where specialized Protective action zone where specialized
PPE may be requiredPPE may be required Conduct field safety screening:Conduct field safety screening:
Detect environmental hazards (air & Detect environmental hazards (air & surfaces).surfaces).
Initial evaluation of site conditionsInitial evaluation of site conditions Determine if it is safe to proceedDetermine if it is safe to proceed
3. Characterizing the Site3. Characterizing the Site Repeat field safety screeningRepeat field safety screening Evaluate site conditions:Evaluate site conditions:
Signs of intrusion or tamperingSigns of intrusion or tampering General signs of contaminationGeneral signs of contamination Indicators of chemical contaminationIndicators of chemical contamination
Rapid field testing of the water:Rapid field testing of the water: Additional information for the threat assessmentAdditional information for the threat assessment Tentative identification of contaminantsTentative identification of contaminants Determine if special precautions are required for Determine if special precautions are required for
samplingsampling
3. Characterizing the Site – 3. Characterizing the Site – cont’d.cont’d.
Currently Available Rapid Analytical Currently Available Rapid Analytical Assessment Tools:Assessment Tools:
Acute Toxicity TestingAcute Toxicity Testing Rapid ImmunoassaysRapid Immunoassays Rapid Enzyme TestRapid Enzyme Test Rapid PCRRapid PCR Field Deployable GC/MSField Deployable GC/MS
3. Characterizing the Site – 3. Characterizing the Site – cont’d.cont’d.
Rapid Analytical MethodsRapid Analytical Methods Technology is rapidly improvingTechnology is rapidly improving Results are only presumptiveResults are only presumptive These methods are no substitute for These methods are no substitute for
standard laboratory analysesstandard laboratory analyses
4. Sample Collection4. Sample Collection
To follow rapid field testingTo follow rapid field testing Samples to be collected and analyzed Samples to be collected and analyzed
in accordance with State Primacy in accordance with State Primacy Agency/EPA/USGS guidelinesAgency/EPA/USGS guidelines
5. Exiting the Site5. Exiting the Site
Initiated upon completion of site Initiated upon completion of site characterizationcharacterization
Confirm collection of appropriate samplesConfirm collection of appropriate samples Properly document findingsProperly document findings Secure the siteSecure the site Securing a site may involve multiple steps for Securing a site may involve multiple steps for
higher hazard level sites and/or crime sceneshigher hazard level sites and/or crime scenes
Module 4: Analytical GuideModule 4: Analytical Guide
Module 4: Analytical GuideModule 4: Analytical Guide Intended for planners and labs that may provide Intended for planners and labs that may provide
support to the water utility during an eventsupport to the water utility during an event
Provides a general approach to the analysis of Provides a general approach to the analysis of unknowns in waterunknowns in water
Identifies analytical procedures for:Identifies analytical procedures for: ChemicalsChemicals RadionuclidesRadionuclides PathogensPathogens
Not intended as a ‘how to’ lab manualNot intended as a ‘how to’ lab manual
Analytical Analytical Approach Approach
for Unknown for Unknown ContaminantsContaminants
Review the SiteCharacterization Report
Contaminant classknown or suspected?
Perform Screening forChemicals and Biologicals
Specific contaminanttentatively identified?
NO
YES
Perform Screening forChemicals or Biologicals
NO
YES
Perform ConfirmatoryAnalysis
Presence ofcontaminantconfirmed?
Revise/ExpandAnalytical Approach
YES
NO
Analysis Complete.Report Results.
Is additionalscreening
necessary?
NO
YES
Current Laboratory Current Laboratory InfrastructureInfrastructure
Chemical Analysis Biological Analysis
EnvironmentalChemistry Labs
RadiologicalLabs
SpecialtyLabs
EnvironmentalMicrobiology Labs
Lab ResponseNetwork
ChemicalWeapons
Biotoxins
Environmental Chemistry Environmental Chemistry LabsLabs
Labs suited to complete analyses for Labs suited to complete analyses for compliance with the Safe Drinking compliance with the Safe Drinking Water or Clean Water ActsWater or Clean Water Acts
May require advance notice for analysisMay require advance notice for analysis
Radiochemistry LabsRadiochemistry Labs For analysis of a range of radionuclidesFor analysis of a range of radionuclides
Include EPA, DOE, State and some commercial Include EPA, DOE, State and some commercial labslabs
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/programs.htm-erhttp://www.epa.gov/radiation/programs.htm-er
Federal Radiological Management Center Federal Radiological Management Center (FRMAC) operated by FEMA(FRMAC) operated by FEMA
http://www.fema.gov/rrr/rep/index.shtmhttp://www.fema.gov/rrr/rep/index.shtm
Biotoxin LabsBiotoxin Labs
Currently few labs with this capabilityCurrently few labs with this capability
Labs with this capability are listed in the Labs with this capability are listed in the Laboratory Response Network (LRN)Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asp http://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asp
Chemical Weapons LabsChemical Weapons Labs
Chemicals placed on Chemical Weapons Chemicals placed on Chemical Weapons Convention (CSC) Schedule 1Convention (CSC) Schedule 1
Two labs in US qualified and permittedTwo labs in US qualified and permittedUS Army Edgewood LaboratoryUS Army Edgewood Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesLawrence Livermore National Laboratories
Access through Federal AgenciesAccess through Federal Agencies
Microbiological LabsMicrobiological Labs
For analysis of waterborne pathogensFor analysis of waterborne pathogens May include hospital, medical, public May include hospital, medical, public
health and/or environmental health and/or environmental microbiology labsmicrobiology labs
Labs with this capability listed in Labs with this capability listed in Laboratory Response Network (LRN)Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asp http://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asp
Laboratory Response Network Laboratory Response Network (LRN)(LRN)
Developed by CDC, Association of Public Developed by CDC, Association of Public Health Labs and FBIHealth Labs and FBI
Designated to handle bioterrorism eventsDesignated to handle bioterrorism events PathogensPathogens BiotoxinsBiotoxins
Composed of City, County, State and Federal Composed of City, County, State and Federal Public Health labsPublic Health labs
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asphttp://www.bt.cdc.gov/emcontact/index.asp
Laboratory Screening for Chemical Contaminants
Purge &Trap
SPEDirect
AqueousInjection
METALS
AA, ICP,ICP-MS
GC/MSGC/PID/ELCD
WetChemistry
HPLC -Fluorescence
HPLC-UV
Immuno-Assays
Report MethodAnalytes
SPESPME
Micro LLECont LLE
LC-MSLC-MS/MS
GC/MSGC/MS/MS
DirectAqueousInjection
MultidetectorGC
Presence of methodanalytes confirmed?
DirectAnalysis orDigestion
VariousSample
Prep
YES
ICHPLC
FlowInjectionAnalysis
HeadspaceAnalysis
Report ConfirmedResults
PerformConfirmatory
AnalysisNO
Basic Screen (Section 6.4, Table 6-3)
ORGANIC
Expanded Screen (Section 6.5, Table 6-4)
IonSelectiveElectrode
CYANIDE
Screening for Chemical Contaminants
Module 5:Module 5:Public Health Response Public Health Response
GuideGuide
Module 5:Module 5:Public Health Response GuidePublic Health Response Guide
Five Public Health Response Actions:Five Public Health Response Actions: Plan the public health responsePlan the public health response Determine public health consequences Determine public health consequences Implement appropriate operational Implement appropriate operational
responses responses Implement the public notification strategyImplement the public notification strategy Make available a short term alternate water Make available a short term alternate water
supply (if necessary) supply (if necessary)
1. Plan the public health 1. Plan the public health responseresponse
Pre-Threat Planning:Pre-Threat Planning: Integrate Health Dept into Utility ERPIntegrate Health Dept into Utility ERP Identify agencies involved and rolesIdentify agencies involved and roles Develop communication strategyDevelop communication strategy Develop operational/health response Develop operational/health response
plans plans
2. Determine Public Health 2. Determine Public Health Consequences from IncidentConsequences from Incident
Post-Threat (contaminant identified)Post-Threat (contaminant identified) Assess acute/chronic health effectsAssess acute/chronic health effects Determine exposure routes of concernDetermine exposure routes of concern Determine stability of contaminant in waterDetermine stability of contaminant in water Calculate ability to spread in distribution Calculate ability to spread in distribution
systemsystem
3. Implement Appropriate 3. Implement Appropriate Operational ResponsesOperational Responses
Isolation and containment of suspect Isolation and containment of suspect waterwater
Elevation of disinfection levelsElevation of disinfection levels
4. Public Notification 4. Public Notification GuidanceGuidance Content:Content:
Specific instructions to consumersSpecific instructions to consumers Explanation of situationExplanation of situation What is being done to address itWhat is being done to address it
Format:Format: Short and simpleShort and simple In all common languagesIn all common languages
Methods of delivery:Methods of delivery: Broadcast mediaBroadcast media Distribution through community centersDistribution through community centers
5. Short-Term Alternate Water 5. Short-Term Alternate Water SupplySupply
Water for consumption and sanitation:Water for consumption and sanitation: Bottled waterBottled water Bulk water hauled to distribution centerBulk water hauled to distribution center
Water for firefighting:Water for firefighting: Pumper trucks filled from neighboring Pumper trucks filled from neighboring
supplysupply Contaminated water if no other Contaminated water if no other
immediately available alternativeimmediately available alternative
Module 6:Module 6:Remediation and Recovery GuideRemediation and Recovery Guide
Recovery
Plan
Module 6:Module 6:Remediation and Recovery GuideRemediation and Recovery Guide
Intended for entities involved in Intended for entities involved in characterization, risk assessment and characterization, risk assessment and remediationremediation
Designed to address incidents that pose Designed to address incidents that pose immediate and/or long term risksimmediate and/or long term risks
Overall objective – return water system to Overall objective – return water system to service ASAPservice ASAP
Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and Responsibilities
Recovery is coordinated under the Recovery is coordinated under the Incident Command SystemIncident Command System
‘‘No single agency (government or No single agency (government or private sector) possesses the authority private sector) possesses the authority and expertise to unilaterally implement and expertise to unilaterally implement the remediation and recovery program.’the remediation and recovery program.’
Steps to Remediation and Steps to Remediation and RecoveryRecovery
Long term alt. water Long term alt. water supplysupply
System System Characterization / Characterization / Feasibility studyFeasibility study
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment Detailed analysis of Detailed analysis of
alternativesalternatives Remediation Remediation
technology selectiontechnology selection
Remedial DesignRemedial Design Remedial ActionRemedial Action Post Remediation Post Remediation
MonitoringMonitoring Communication to Communication to
restore public restore public confidenceconfidence
1. Long Term Alternate 1. Long Term Alternate Water SupplyWater Supply
Need depends on nature and severity of Need depends on nature and severity of contaminationcontamination
State and Federal assistance is likely to State and Federal assistance is likely to be requiredbe required
EPA, FEMA, Army Corps of EngineersEPA, FEMA, Army Corps of Engineers
2. System Characterization / 2. System Characterization / Feasibility StudyFeasibility Study
Detailed assessment of nature and Detailed assessment of nature and extent of contaminationextent of contamination
Preliminary feasibility study of treatment Preliminary feasibility study of treatment optionsoptions
3. Risk Assessment3. Risk Assessment
Evaluate risk reduction achieved in Evaluate risk reduction achieved in immediate response actionsimmediate response actions
Establish preliminary remediation goalsEstablish preliminary remediation goals Assess potential risk reduction from Assess potential risk reduction from
long-term remedial actionslong-term remedial actions
4. Detailed Analysis of 4. Detailed Analysis of Remedial AlternativesRemedial Alternatives
Evaluation based on:Evaluation based on: effectivenesseffectiveness technical feasibilitytechnical feasibility treatability of contaminanttreatability of contaminant
5. Remediation Technology 5. Remediation Technology SelectionSelection
Advantages/Disadvantages based on:Advantages/Disadvantages based on: Protection of human health and the Protection of human health and the
environmentenvironment Compliance with applicable regulations Compliance with applicable regulations ImplementabilityImplementability CostCost
6. Remedial Design6. Remedial Design
Lead agency (assisted by utility, etc.) Lead agency (assisted by utility, etc.) responsible for designresponsible for design
Includes preparation of:Includes preparation of: SpecificationsSpecifications DocumentationDocumentation Detailed DrawingsDetailed Drawings
7. Remedial Action7. Remedial Action
Implementation of Remedial DesignImplementation of Remedial Design Treatment system construction, Treatment system construction,
operation and maintenanceoperation and maintenance Treatment of contaminated water AND Treatment of contaminated water AND
rehabilitation of system componentsrehabilitation of system components
8. Post Remediation 8. Post Remediation MonitoringMonitoring
Post-treatment Start-up monitoring:Post-treatment Start-up monitoring: Monitoring for contaminants of concernMonitoring for contaminants of concern Regular system performance Regular system performance
inspections and maintenanceinspections and maintenance Regular water distribution system Regular water distribution system
inspection and maintenanceinspection and maintenance Maintenance of security measuresMaintenance of security measures
9. Communication to 9. Communication to Restore Public ConfidenceRestore Public Confidence
Public OutreachPublic Outreach WorkshopsWorkshops MeetingsMeetings PresentationsPresentations Information RepositoryInformation Repository Revised Public NotificationsRevised Public Notifications
SummarySummary The threat of contamination is a reality The threat of contamination is a reality
faced by drinking water systemsfaced by drinking water systems All threats should be evaluated to All threats should be evaluated to
determine if they are “possible” or determine if they are “possible” or “credible”“credible”
Effective management of a Effective management of a contamination threat relies on:contamination threat relies on: Timely and relevant informationTimely and relevant information A systematic evaluation of the threatA systematic evaluation of the threat Appropriate response decisionsAppropriate response decisions
Summary (cont’d.)Summary (cont’d.)
Planning for an effective response to a Planning for an effective response to a contamination threat or incident may be contamination threat or incident may be the most efficient and effective defensethe most efficient and effective defensehttp://www.epa.gov/watersecurityhttp://www.epa.gov/watersecurity
EPA RPTB download:EPA RPTB download: http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/
watersecurity/home.cfm?program_id=8watersecurity/home.cfm?program_id=8