Biology EOC Review

Lafayette County C-1 High School2013

BIO

LOG

Y B

LUEPR

INT

Roughly there will be between 35-40 multiple choice questions in the First Session. These questions will cover concepts covered throughout this course

Second Session will be a performance event. This is generally a series of questions about experimental design.

Strand 3: Characteristics and interactions of Living Organisms (36%-44%)

Strand 4: Changes in Ecosystems and Interactions of Organisms with their Environments (22% - 27%)

Strand 8: Scientific Inquiry (36%)

So…Basically 36-44% is Cells 22% - 27% is Ecology 36% is Inquiry

Our units we covered this year:› Scientific Method/Experiment› Cell Parts and Function, Homeostasis› Cellular Energy› Cellular Reproduction› DNA, Genetics and Heredity› Ecology

Scientific Inquiry Purpose and research-

what is your question and is there already an answer out there

Hypothesis – If…then… This should be a testable question

Analysis – tables, charts, graphs

Conclusion should support or refute the hypothesis and explain!

Graph needs Title and Labels: Change in plant height over time in different soil.

Your line graph will represent change over time

IV – What you change DV – How you

measure that change Constant – What

stays the same Control – Test subject

that isn’t changed

wee

k 1

wee

k 2

wee

k 3

wee

k 4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Soil 1Soil 2Soil 3

Time in different soils

Pla

nt

Heig

ht,

cm

CellsStructure and Function

CELLS: Types of cells

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Parts No organelles, no nucleus

Has organelles and a nucleus

Examples Bacteria Animals/Plants

DNA for replication Simple, forms a loose circle

Complex, form chromosomes

How to remember Pro = No brain (nucleus)

You are eukaryotic, You have a brain

Cell Parts and Function Cell Parts Animated What are the cell parts and what do they do?

› Cytoplasm/Cytosol› Plasma membrane/cell membrane› Nucleus* & nuclear membrane› Nucleolus› Mitchondria* or Chloroplast*› Ribosomes*› Smooth ER› Rough ER› Lysosomes› Golgi bodies*› Vacuoles

Differences between

Animal Plant

Centrioles --

Small vacuoles Central Vacuole- large

-- Chloroplast w/chlorophyll

-- Cell Wall

Cellular Energy

All energy comes from the sun – converted here on Earth

The chemical equation of: › Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

› Cellular Respiration› C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O and ATP

(cellular energy)

Photosynthesis in action

In depth look at Photosynthesis

In short…› Light Reactions- on thylakoid membrane

Photosystem II Photosystem I makes energy molecules

› Dark Reactions/The Calvin Cycle Products – Glucose (6-Carbon sugar) and O2

Cellular Respiration In action Sum it up:

› Glycolysis- anaerobic, in the cytoplasm › Kreb’s Cycle – aerobic, in the mitochondrial

matrix, makes 4 ATP and uses 2ATP› ETC – in the mitochondria, majority of ATP

made here

-Total of 38 ATP are produced but 2 ATP are used so there is a net gain of 36ATP made.

Cellular Respiration, pt2 If no oxygen is present, the cycle reverts

to anaerobic process of fermentation Two types we studied:

› Lactic Acid – produces a lactic acid; uses include dairy products like cheese and yogurt and what causes cramps in muscles

› Alcoholic – produces an alcohol; such as in wine/beer making and bread making (the CO2 bubbles are what make the bread rise and the smell is from alcohol burning off)

Let’s take a few minutes to see how it all works together

Cellular Reproduction

The reproduction of cells.. They reproduce, often.

› Mitosis› Meiosis› Binary Fission

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

I P M A T Interphase – most of cell life is here, time

of growing, dividing and preparing for division.

Prophase- chromosomes pair up Metaphase – chromosomes meet in middle Anaphase – Spindle fibers pull to ends of

cell Telophase - Two cells are seen

Cytokinesis- completed two cells

Binary Fission – Asexual

DNA, Genetics & Heredity

You find DNA in every cell of living things.

All traits are passed on to offspring though genes

Genes are locations on the chromosome

Chromosomes are made of DNA that is tightly wound

Karyotype is an assembled picture of all the chromosomes.

Key Terms Homozgous – same alelles (TT or tt) Heterozygous – different alelles (Tt) Phenotype – physical appearance (Blue

eyes) Genotype – genetic makeup (homo dom ,

Tt) Dominant – trait that shows (TT or Tt, brown

eyes) Recessive – trait that shows only when no

dominant is present (tt , blue eyes)

Proteins are found in our body as muscle, hair, enzymes, etc.

Protein Synthesis:

› DNA -> RNA -> Protein› Occurs in ribosome

› SO- DNA codes for RNA, RNA travels to ribosome where proteins are assembled

Genes unwind

Ecology

Populations Biomes Communities Food webs/Energy pathways

Key Topics

Growth models Population regulation: limiting and non-

limiting factors Stability and succession: primary,

secondary and climax Niche

Key Topics

Competition Predator + prey, Natural Selection Mimicry Symbiosis:

› Parasitism› Mutualism› Commensalism