Rough ER
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![Page 1: Rough ER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56812c2c550346895d90ab8d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rough ER
Transportvesicle from ER
Golgiapparatus
Secretoryvesicle from Golgi
Secretoryprotein
Vacuole Lysosome
Plasma membrane
The Endomembrane System
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The Golgi Apparatus
– Works in partnership with the ER– Refines, stores, and distributes the products of cells
Transportvesiclefrom ER
“Receiving” side ofGolgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
New vesicle forming
Transport vesiclefrom the Golgi
“Shipping” side ofGolgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
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• A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac
Lysosomes
– It contains digestive enzymes– The enzymes break down macromolecules– They break down damaged organelles
(b) Lysosome breaking down damaged organelle
Lysosome
Damagedorganelle
Digestion
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VacuolesVacuoles are membranous sacs
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Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, which involves the production of ATP from food molecules
Figure 4.18
Outermembrane
Innermembrane
Cristae
Matrix
Space betweenmembranes
Cellular energy conversion
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Cytoskeleton● Provides mechanical support to the cell and maintain its shape
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The Cytoskeleton
*microfilaments (actin filaments)
*intermediate filaments
*microtubules
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Microfilaments
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Microtubules*centrosome *centrioles
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Cilia and flagella are motile appendages
Cilia and Flagella
• Flagella propel the cell in a whiplike motion
• Cilia move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion
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“9 + 2”
basal body
Cilia and Flagella
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The Cytoskeleton
dynein – motor molecules
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Cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Rough endoplamsicreticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Smoothendoplasmicreticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus
Plasmodesmata
Plasmamembrane
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Centralvacuole
Not in animal cells
Plant Cells
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Plant cells are encased by cell walls
Walls of two adjacentplant cells
Vacuole
Plasmodesmata(channels between cells)
Plant Cells
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Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
ChloroplastsInner and outermembranes ofenvelope
Space betweenmembranes
Stroma (fluid inchloroplast)
Granum
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Origin of Eukaryotes