1. By:Denisse Class&Nirzari Amin

2. Rotavirus is a non-enveloped virus that comesfrom a family called Reoviridai. Derives the name from the Latin Rota whichmeans wheel. It appears wheel like when lookedunder an electric microscope. Very stable and may remain viable for weeks ormonths if not disinfected Once cured, it can reoccur at any age. But thesubsequent infections are usually less severe 3. Can cause: Gastroenteritis Dehydration 4. This virus can easily be spread through childrenbefore and/or after becoming sick with diarrhea. Usually transmitted by fecal-oral route Virus must be shed of an infected person and somehowentered into a susceptible person to cause infection. Also caused by contaminated hands, water, and,objects. 5. It has been observed that improved sanitationdoes not decrease the infection transmission. Due to this, the primary treatment is vaccination. Few current examples include; RotaTeq, Rotatrix No antiviral drug has yet been discovered. Treatment is nonspecific but usually treated fordehydration. 6. Symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hrs.after exposure and last till 1-3 days. Watery diarrhea Vomiting Fever Headache Abdominal pain Chills 7. Identification of etiologic agent Based on symptoms and physical exam Elisa test Latex agglutination (for rapid results) 8. Elisa PCR 9. This is an in-vitro test for the Limitations:determination of rotavirus Stool sample varies by patientantigen in feces. Patients with infection for a longperiod of time results will not Polyclonal anti-rotavirus and show as an active infection.anti-rotavirus monoclonal Early treatment with properantibodies are used.antibiotics. Specificity 97% Sensitivity 100% Expectations: Healthy individuals should testnegative. Presence of rotavirus antigenshould be present . 10. Break the wells need it forsamples plus two controls. Prepare controls. Add 100 L of specimen,incubate for 30 min. Add 2 drops of reagent 1 Bluesol. to each well, incubate for 5min. then wash Add 2 drops of reagent 2 redsol. incubate for 5 min and thenwash. Add 2 drops of chromogen sol.@room temp. for 5 min. DONOT WASH. Add 2 drops of stop sol. Mixthen read results . 11. Limitations: Expected results: For the making of the Amplification/Extensionnew template the of DNA.primers have to be very Allows scientists tospecific and particular to sequence nucleotides.the template.These nucleotides are The primers must bevery helpful in studyingonly capable of bindingthe molecularwith the template andepidemiology ofnot each other because Rotavirus.this can cause theamplification of ashort, useless DNA. 12. ELISAPCR 97% specificity Less specific 100% sensitivity Super sensitive Fluid sample Fluid sample Results in 45-60 min 2 to 3 hours 13. www.rapidtest.com/pdf/Rotavirus_8306-3.pdf http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic/ID/rotavirus/ http://www.microbac.com/services/pcr_process.php Brasier,Alan R., Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, A, Lemon, S. M., & ebrary, I.(2009). Cellular signaling and innate immune responses to RNA virus infections. Washington, D.C. : ASM Press. Wark, P. (2008). Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. Mini-symposium:Innate immunity in the lung. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 9(4),233-235. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. 14. Rotavirus. In http://www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 09/26/2011, fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html. Scott M, Janneck L, Dent R, Merino D. Rotavirus. Retrieved fromhttp://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2004/rotavirus/Pathology.htm http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/PCR.html http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-infection/rotavirus-infection.asp http://www.humenhealth.com/rotavirus-2