Rotates on its axis Revolves around the Sun Changing Sun ...
Transcript of Rotates on its axis Revolves around the Sun Changing Sun ...
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Earth motions
•Rotates on its axis•Revolves around the Sun
Seasons—Result of constant axial tilt
Changing Sun angle •Changing Sun angle •Changing length of daylight
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Special days Solstice—Sun's vertical rays are located at the Tropic
(23½º latitude) • June 21-22 • December 21-22
Equinox Sun’s vertical rays located at the Equator Equinox—Sun s vertical rays located at the Equator (0o latitude)• March 21-22• September 21-22
Figure 16.17Figure 16.16
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Heat is always transferred from warmer to cooler objects
Mechanisms of heat transfer • Conduction• Convection
R di ti ( l t g ti di ti ) • Radiation (electromagnetic radiation)
Figure 16.21
Figure 16.19 Figure 16.3
Air is a mixture of gases
Major components of clean, dry air • Nitrogen (N) – 78%• Oxygen (O2) – 21%• Argon and other gases • Argon and other gases • Carbon dioxide (CO2) – 0.036% – absorbs heat
energy from Earth
Water vapor Aerosols Ozone Ozone
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Atmospheric pressure variation
Figure 16.5
with altitude
Figure 16.7
TroposphereSt t hStratosphere
Mesosphere Thermosphere
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Daily maximum and minimum are measuredOther values calculated from these
• Daily temperature range• Daily mean temperature • Monthly mean temperatureMonthly mean temperature• Annual mean temperature• Annual temperature range
Line of equal temperature Divides map into areas
warmer than that temperature and areas cooler than that temperatureM ith i th t t diff f Maps with isotherms use constant difference from one isotherm to the next
Often colored for ease of understanding