PowerPoint Presentation

Rootstocks: the Other Half of theShoot Phenotype and Heterosis Equation

Dan ChitwoodDonald Danforth Plant Science CenterIPG Heterosis SymposiumMay 27, 2016

Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes

Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection

Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab

Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes

Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection

Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab

Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes

Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection

Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab

Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes

Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Protoplast fusionInjection

Rootstock-Scion graftingMargaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab

Evolutionary distance of genomes

Physical distance of genomes

Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection

Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant SciFAOSTAT, 2013The importance of rootstocks:Diversity

The importance of rootstocks:Domestication

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci

The importance of rootstocks:Domestication

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci

The importance of rootstocks:Root phenotypes

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci

The importance of rootstocks:Shoot phenotypes

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci

The importance of rootstocks:Shoot phenotypes

Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:North American Vitis spp. as rootstockshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylloxerahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Valentine_Riley

North American VitisVitis viniferaCharles Valentine Riley

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:North American Vitis spp. as rootstocks

PLANTS database, USDAV. ripariaV. rupestrisV. berlandieri

High-density,WetconditionsDroughttolerant,lime soilsV. ber.XV. rup.V. ber.XV. rip.Lime soils,nematoderesistanceV. rip.XV. rup.http://iv.ucdavis.edu/Viticultural_Information/

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Mt. Vernon Chambourcin vineyardUniversity of Missouri

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Mt. Vernon Chambourcin vineyardUniversity of Missouri

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology

Misha KwasniewskiArianna BozzoloGrape & Wine InstituteUniversity of Missouri

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Ionomics

Ivan BaxterDonald DanforthPlant Science Center

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Leaf morphology

Viktoriya ConevaMargaret FrankDonald DanforthPlant Science CenterLaura KleinAllison MillerSaint Louis University

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication

Overview

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

Dal Santo et al.: The plasticity of the grapevineberry transcriptome. Genome Biology (2013)

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

Chitwood et al., Plant Physiol. (2016)Morphometric information: genotype, development, and environment

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time

Chitwood et al., Plant Physiol. (2016)More pronounced lobing in the colder, drier year

Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and timeChitwood and Sinha , Curr Biol. (2016)More pronounced dissection correlates with the paleoclimate.Plasticity and evolution in same direction?

Graft-transmissible GxE effects:

Jason LondoUSDA, Geneva NYAnne FennellSouth Dakota State University

Thanks!Chitwood LabViktoriya ConevaMargaret Frank

Danforth REU undergradsDarren Li (WashU)Susan Rundell (Yale)Quaneisha Woodford (Fort Valley State)Tommy Yu (WashU)Danny Greenblatt (high school student)

Miller LabSaint Louis UniversityAllison MillerLaura KleinRegan OHanlonSteven ChackoMatthew GregCassandra Kitchen

University of Northern IowaJulie KangJose Lopez

University of South DakotaAnne Fennel

USDA Geneva, NYJason Londo

Missouri StateLaszlo Kovacs

MizzouArianna BozzoloMisha Kwasniewski

E&J Gallo WineryPeter Cousins