Roots of Democracy in America. Magna Carta 1215 English noblemen forced King John to sign Two...
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Roots of Roots of Democracy in Democracy in
AmericaAmerica
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Magna CartaMagna Carta12151215English noblemen forced English noblemen forced
King John to sign King John to sign Two basic ideas:Two basic ideas:
Even a king must obey lawEven a king must obey law Citizens have certain rightsCitizens have certain rights
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Copy of the Magna Carta from 1225
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Virginia House of Virginia House of BurgessesBurgesses
16191619
First elected First elected representative assembly representative assembly in the coloniesin the colonies
2
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Virginia House of
Burgesses
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Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact
Compact means Compact means agreementagreement or contract or contract
1620 - Signed by the 1620 - Signed by the PilgrimsPilgrims before before they disembarked from the shipthey disembarked from the ship
They would elect men to govern They would elect men to govern Plymouth Plantation Plymouth Plantation by majority voteby majority vote
First attempt to practice First attempt to practice democracydemocracy in in American historyAmerican history
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The Mayflower
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Signing of the Mayflower Compact, Signing of the Mayflower Compact, 16201620
Artist: Percy Moran
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English Bill of English Bill of RightsRights
16891689 Signed by the English monarchs, Signed by the English monarchs,
William and Mary William and Mary Gave English Parliament ultimate Gave English Parliament ultimate
powerpower Listed the rights of English citizensListed the rights of English citizens
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Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders of Connecticutof Connecticut
First written constitution in First written constitution in American colonial historyAmerican colonial history
5
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John LockeJohn Locke
16901690
English philosopherEnglish philosopher
““Natural Rights of Natural Rights of Man”Man”LifeLifeLibertyLibertyPrivate propertyPrivate property
6
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John LockeBritish
Philosopher
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Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
17761776 Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson ““Unalienable Rights”Unalienable Rights” Argues that governments are Argues that governments are
created to protect man’s created to protect man’s rightsrights
People should abolish any People should abolish any government that does notgovernment that does not
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U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution
17871787Current written plan that Current written plan that
describes the basic power describes the basic power structure and function of structure and function of the federal governmentthe federal government
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FederalistsFederalists Leaders who wanted a strong Leaders who wanted a strong
federal (central) government.federal (central) government. Supported the Constitution as Supported the Constitution as
it was written in 1787.it was written in 1787. James Madison (4James Madison (4thth Pres.)– Pres.)–
“Father of the Constitution.”“Father of the Constitution.” Alexander Hamilton – First Alexander Hamilton – First
Secretary of the Treasury.Secretary of the Treasury.
.
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FederalistsFederalists
James Madison Alexander Hamilton
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Anti-federalistsAnti-federalists Leaders who opposed a Leaders who opposed a
strong federal governmentstrong federal government Refused to ratify the 1787 Refused to ratify the 1787
Constitution until a “Bill of Constitution until a “Bill of Rights” was added to protect Rights” was added to protect citizenscitizens
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Federalist PapersFederalist PapersA series of essays written by A series of essays written by the Federalists to convince the Federalists to convince Americans to support the Americans to support the
Constitution and a stronger Constitution and a stronger national governmentnational government
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Bill of RightsBill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution.
Lists the rights of American citizens.
12
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Amendment IAmendment I
Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and
petition
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Amendment IIAmendment II
Right to bear arms
Amendment IIAmendment II 14
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Amendment IIIAmendment III
Prevents quartering of soldiers in citizens’ homes.
Amendment IIIAmendment III 15
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Amendment IVAmendment IV
Prevents illegal searches and seizures of property
Amendment IVAmendment IV 16
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Amendment VAmendment V
Protects rights of the accused, such as no self-incrimination in court and no double jeopardy.
Amendment VAmendment V 17
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Amendment VIAmendment VI
Right to a speedy trial by jury of your peers in
criminal cases. (murder)
Amendment VIAmendment VI 18
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Amendment VIIAmendment VII
Right to a jury trial in civil cases (lawsuits).
Amendment VIIAmendment VII 19
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Amendment VIIIAmendment VIII
Prevents excessive bail and cruel and unusual
punishments.
Amendment VIIIAmendment VIII 20
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Amendment IXAmendment IXRights reserved for the people.
Just because it isn’t specifically listed in the Bill of Rights does not mean you do not have a certain right.
Example: the right to privacy.
Amendment IXAmendment IX 21
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Amendment XAmendment X
States’ Rights
If a power is not specifically granted to the national government, it is reserved for the states.
Example: public schools
Amendment XAmendment X 22
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The people give government its power.
Government exists to serve the people.
Example: voting
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No one is above the law. Citizens and government officials
must all follow the laws.
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Personal rights and freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights
First 10 Amendments Examples: speech, religion,
arms, speedy trial by jury25
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We believe in electing officials to represent our interests and make the laws for us.
Example: the U.S. Congress.
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Our federal government is divided into 3 separate branches.
Each branch has its own separate and specific duties and responsibilities. 27
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Legislative
Makes the laws
Executive
Enforces the laws
Judicial
Interprets the laws
3 Branches
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Each branch can block the power of the other 2 branches.
Prevents 1 branch from becoming too powerful.
Examples: Presidential veto; Judicial review; Congressional approval of justices.
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The federal and state governments share some powers
Examples:• We pay federal income tax, and
some states require a state income tax.
• Both the federal and state governments build highways.29
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Federal Laws
State Laws