AqueductsAqueducts

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The Romans are renowned for engineering marvels, among which is the aqueduct that carried water for many miles in order to provide a crowded urban population with relatively safe, potable water, as well as less essential but very Roman aquatic uses. Rome had 9 aqueducts by the time of the engineer Frontinus, our main ancient source on the water supply. The first of these was built in the fourth century B.C. and the last in the first century A.D. Aqueducts were built because the springs, wells, and Tiber River were no longer providing the safe water that was needed for the swelling urban population.

The Romans are renowned for engineering marvels, among which is the aqueduct that carried water for many miles in order to provide a crowded urban population with relatively safe, potable water, as well as less essential but very Roman aquatic uses. Rome had 9 aqueducts by the time of the engineer Frontinus, our main ancient source on the water supply. The first of these was built in the fourth century B.C. and the last in the first century A.D. Aqueducts were built because the springs, wells, and Tiber River were no longer providing the safe water that was needed for the swelling urban population.

Some 80% of all Roman aqueducts were laid subterranean. The easiest way was to dig a trench, to build or cut the channel or lay

the pipes and to cover it up.

Some 80% of all Roman aqueducts were laid subterranean. The easiest way was to dig a trench, to build or cut the channel or lay

the pipes and to cover it up.

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To avoid detours, an overpass was made with arches to carry the water over lakes.

To avoid detours, an overpass was made with arches to carry the water over lakes.

Arches couldn’t always work.Arches couldn’t always work.

Arches couldn’t always work.

What is generally called a 'Waterfall' is a term used for different types of installations, which have one item in common: how to get

rid of the energy stored in the waterstream.

What is generally called a 'Waterfall' is a term used for different types of installations, which have one item in common: how to get

rid of the energy stored in the waterstream.

Where are aqueducts?Where are aqueducts?

Aqueducts were found in many places before Rome, but they built the most impressive aqueducts. Aqueducts are still found in all places.

Aqueducts were found in many places before Rome, but they built the most impressive aqueducts. Aqueducts are still found in all places.

Where does the water come from?

Where does the water come from?

• Spring boxes and Well intakes seem to be the active and passive means to collect water in a rectangular chamber; the water was supplied through numerous splits or specially created, sometimes arched, openings. A single outlet discharges the water into the aqueduct conduit.

• Infiltration galleries were sections of aqueduct gallery, 20 - 100 m long which ran along a hill side to intercept the flow of water that trickled out of the splits in the wall into the gallery. At one side the water was collected into a settling basin to get rid of the debris and sediments: the start of the aqueduct.

• River intakes used the river as a source for an aqueduct. This was not very popular in Roman times

• Dams used springs and were the commonest source for roman aqueducts. River intakes were used occasionally. Artificial created lakes as a source were rare although they could have been used to equalize the variations in the seasonal flow rates of the feeding spring(s)

• Spring boxes and Well intakes seem to be the active and passive means to collect water in a rectangular chamber; the water was supplied through numerous splits or specially created, sometimes arched, openings. A single outlet discharges the water into the aqueduct conduit.

• Infiltration galleries were sections of aqueduct gallery, 20 - 100 m long which ran along a hill side to intercept the flow of water that trickled out of the splits in the wall into the gallery. At one side the water was collected into a settling basin to get rid of the debris and sediments: the start of the aqueduct.

• River intakes used the river as a source for an aqueduct. This was not very popular in Roman times

• Dams used springs and were the commonest source for roman aqueducts. River intakes were used occasionally. Artificial created lakes as a source were rare although they could have been used to equalize the variations in the seasonal flow rates of the feeding spring(s)

Aqueducts impact our world in many ways and are still seen.

Aqueducts impact our world in many ways and are still seen.

• running water

• sprinkler system

•sewer

• drainage ditch

3, 2, 1, bridge3, 2, 1, bridge

Three words associated with aqueductsExamples: big, long, water, gravityTwo questions dealing with aqueductsExample: How long are they?One simile associated with aqueductsExample: Aqueducts are like brains: they are essential for life.

Three words associated with aqueductsExamples: big, long, water, gravityTwo questions dealing with aqueductsExample: How long are they?One simile associated with aqueductsExample: Aqueducts are like brains: they are essential for life.

Aqueducts are very important, and still

appear today

Aqueducts are very important, and still

appear today

California aqueduct