ROME: FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIREDawson College

Ancient Rome

Roman Republic

Roman Empire

Ancient Rome Rome

Timeline 509 BCE Republic of Rome formed

431-404 BCE Peloponnesian War

338 BCE Philip of Macedon conquers Greece

323 BCE Death of Alexander the Great

287 BCE End of the Struggle of the Orders

264-202 BCE Punic Wars

46-44 BCE Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and death

27 BCE Caesar Augustus first Emperor of Rome

Social Class Patricians: wealthy landowners

Plebians: common people

The Republic, 509 B.C.E.

1. Constitution: unwritten laws & customs

2. Consuls: two, with imperium, elected for one year; led army, performed religious duties, acted as judges; powers legally limited

quaestors praetor censor

The Republic (cont.)3. Senate: only continuous deliberative

body; made up of prominent patricians; gained control of finances & foreign policy

4. Assembly: early Republic had centuriate assembly—army acting in a political capacity; basic unit was century

Struggle of the Orders Plebians want:

Real political representation Protection against patrician domination

Plebian power based on: Army

General strike

Results Codification and publication of laws –

Law of the 12 Tables (450) Intermarriage b/w Plebs and Pats Tribunes One consul always Pleb

287 BCE -- All citizens share equally under the law!

Law of the Twelve Tables "Quickly kill ... a dreadfully deformed child. A child born ten months after the father's death will not be admitted into a

legal inheritance. Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their

majority ... except Vestal Virgins. Persons shall mend roadways. If they do not keep them laid with stone, a

person shall drive his beasts where he wishes. It is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm. If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as

was causing slander or insult to another, he shall be clubbed to death. If a person has maimed another's limb, let there be retaliation in kind

unless he makes agreement for settlement with him. Intermarriage shall not take place between plebeians and patricians...

Roman Expansion1. Italy

2. Carthage

3. Hellenistic World

**Harshest treatment for Iberian regions

Carthage

Punic Wars (Carthage vs. Rome)

Roman Expansion1. Italy

2. Carthage

3. Hellenistic World

**Harshest treatment for Iberian regions

Life in Republic of Rome

Old vs. New

Religion

Life in the city

Role of women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVgInLlYF-0

Role of Slaves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwKeq9nWsfI

Other changes

Religion

Zeus Jupiter Lord of the Sky, Gods

Hera Juno Protector of Marriage

Poseiden Neptune Ruler of the Sea

Athena Minerva Goddess of Wisdom/War

Aphrodite Venus Goddess of Love & Beauty

Eros Cupid God of Love

Nike Victoria Goddess of Victory

Greek Roman

Republic is Breaking Down… Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

C. Marius

Sulla

First Triumvirate

Pompey: enormously successful & popular general given wide powers

Crassus: given command of most of Italy to put down slave rebellion led by Spartacus

Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.): as young politician, allied with Crassus to build military command & following

Julius Caesar elected consul, 59 B.C.E

Caesar conquers Gaul, Pompey seizes power in his absence

49 B.C.E.: Caesar told to give up his command

Caesar marches into Rome

March 15, 44 B.C.E.: Caesar assassinated by senatorial conspiracy led by Cassius & Brutus

Rome in 44 BCE

Octavian Caesar named grand-nephew Gaius Octavius (63–14

B.C.E.) his successor; comes to be called Octavian

Second Triumvirate, 43 B.C.E.: Octavian, Mark Antony, & Aemilius Lepidus—took control of Rome and given near-dictatorial powers Octavian gets West: Antony gets East Lepidus gets Africa

Antony & Octavian fall out

Battle of Actium, 31 B.C.E.: Octavian’s forces victorious, Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide; Octavian master of Mediterranean world

Roman EmpireOctavian’s rule Army Wealth Learned from Uncle Julius

Careful steps in taking power Princeps “Augustus”

Pax Romana (27 BCE- 180 C.E.)

Peace of Rome Infrastructure building Institution building Morality and Religion Literature Architectural

The Emperors Some incompetent, some competent but

Pax Romana stays “Good Emperors”

Nerva (96-98) Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius

Roman Empire to 117 CE

Christianity Jesus of Nazereth

Paul (Saul of Tarsus)

Creation of Church Apostolic Succession

Jesus of Nazareth

Spread of Christianity

Fall of Rome Barbarian invasions Economic Challenges Social Order Role of Army