Rome Continued

Quiz

1. Name the mountain range in the north of Italy that protects Italy from northern invaders.

2. According to legendary tales, _____________ and Remus founded the city of Rome. They were the sons of a Latin woman, and Mars, the war god.

3. Name the word that defines, “that which belongs to the people.”

4. Members of the land holding upper class were referred to as what?

5. The farmers, merchants, and artisans, who made of the vast majority of the population were referred to as whom?

The Roman Army

Divided into legions of between five and six thousand Roman citizens

All citizens had to serve (length of service varied) Century: (80 men under the

command of a Centurion. (Highest ranking non patrician)

Cohorts: 6 centuries (480) Legions: 10 cohorts (4,800) Each

with its own standard and legionary Eagles

Auxiliary troops made up of non-citizens were called on to support the regular army

Discipline: Decimation

The Roman Republic Grows

• By 270 BC had conquered most of Italy

• Defeated the Latin League and the Greeks in the South

• Life under Roman Rule– Citizenship, Municipalities,

Allies by treaty, Garrisoned lands• All had to acknowledge

Roman superiority, pay taxes and supply soldiers

• Opportunity to move up and become citizens

Roman Expansion

Rome and Carthage

What and where is Carthage?

The problem

The 1st Punic War (264-261BC) Naval conflict

Results▪ Treaty in which both sides promised not to

attack each others allies (Carthage paid a tribute for 10 years)▪ Rome gains its first territory off the Italian

peninsula▪ Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia

The Second Punic War (218-202 BC)

Brought about by the Punic Empire in Spain Carthage seized a town that was a new Roman ally

causing Rome to declare war Hannibal attacks over the Alps losing half of his

men and 2/3rds of his elephants Battle of Cannae: Hannibal captured or killed

30,000 Roman troops (65,000 Romans v. 32,000 Carth.) For 10 years no Roman General would engage him in a

large battle Publius Cornelius Scipio

204 BC Scipio lands in Africa after conquering the Punic Empire in Spain

202 BC Battle of Zama (Hannibal’s mercenaries deserted)▪ Carthage was made a dependant ally of Rome

Hannibal and Scipio

The 3rd Punic War 146 BC

Rome decided to eliminate Carthage once and for all (Cato the Elder) They were once again economically

successful They violated the terms of their treaty

by crossing a Roman imposed frontier in 149 BC

After a three year siege they completely wipe out Carthage in 146 BC

By 133 BC Rome controls all of the Mediterranean Macedonia, Asia Minor, Africa, Spain