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ROMANIAN ROMANIAN NATIONAL NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE WASTES RADIOACTIVE WASTES

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMPROGRAM

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CONTENT

RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICYRADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY

NUCLEAR RADWASTES PRODUCERS: NUCLEAR RADWASTES PRODUCERS: Cernavoda NPPCernavoda NPP Research ReactorsResearch ReactorsMedicine, agriculture, industry, etc.Medicine, agriculture, industry, etc.

NATIONAL STRATEGYNATIONAL STRATEGY

STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMPROGRAM

PUBLIC INFORMATIONPUBLIC INFORMATION

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MANAGEMENT NATIONAL

POLICYPOLICY Romania objective is to ensure the safe management of radioactive wastes, including spent fuel according to the provision of laws and regulations assuring the protection of human health and environment – including the protection of future generation.

Spent Fuel produced by Cernavoda NPPs shall not be reprocessed.

An National Agency for Radwaste has responsibility with disposal of radwaste.

The import of radwaste is prohibited. Romania ratified the IAEA Joint Convention on the

Safety of the Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management in 1999.

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R.W.M. NATIONAL POLICY - Main General Aspects

• The licensees have the responsibility for management of radioactive waste arising from operation and decommissioning of their own nuclear and radiological facilities, up to disposal. • The licensees shall pay the legal contribution to the Fund earmarked for management of radioactive waste - collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal - and to the Fund for decommissioning of nuclear installations;

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ROMANIAN RADIOACTIVE ROMANIAN RADIOACTIVE WASTES PRODUCERSWASTES PRODUCERS

1. Cernavoda NPP• Unit 1 - in operation since December 1996.• Unit 2 – was commissioned in 2007 y.• Unit 3 & 4 - to be commissioned in 2014 and 2015 y

respectively.

2. Research reactors• Nuclear Research Institute (SCN) from Pitesti• Nuclear Research Institute “Horia Hulubei”(IFIN) from

Bucharest – Măgurele

3. Medicine, agriculture, industry, etc.Medicine, agriculture, industry, etc.

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1. 1. CERNAVODA NPP CERNAVODA NPP General Site ViewGeneral Site View

NPP CERNAVODA CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT

the gaseous and aqueous liquid wastes are collected, filtred/purified by designed systems and then safely released/discharged into environment,

organic liquid wastes are pretreated (collection and segregation by interim storage criteria), treated (absorption into polymeric structure), packaged in stainless steel drums and stored in interim storage facility,

solid radioactive waste management at CNE Cernavoda includes the pretreatment (collection; segregation), treatment (volume reduction by compaction or shredding) and safe storage of waste.

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The current capacity of the concrete building that accommodates solid radioactive wastes is for 46 reactor-years.

Cernavoda NPP – Solid radioactive waste storage facility

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CERNAVODA INTERIM DRY CERNAVODA INTERIM DRY SPENT FUEL STORAGE SPENT FUEL STORAGE

FACILITYFACILITY

An AECL technology, implemented at the Cernavoda conditions, The first module was commissioned in May 2003, Now there are 3 modules already erected on the site, Site License is for a total Storage Capacity (27 MACSTOR modules) - to

accommodate the spent fuel produced by Unit 1 and Unit 2 for a storage period of 50 years,

Exist possibility to extend the site to accommodate the spent fuel produced by 4 units from Cernavoda NPP.

CERNAVODA SFIDSF

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CERNAVODA NPP - UNIT 1 S.F.B.SUBACVATIC TRANSFER AREA AND SPENT FUEL

PREPARATION SHIELDING STATIONGENERAL VIEW

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2. RESEARCH REACTORS2. RESEARCH REACTORS2.1. SCN Piteşti• According to the Agreement

signed between Romania and USA, the HEU type fuel was already returned to USA.

2.2. IFIN-Horia Hulubei - Bucuresti – Magurele

• According to the contract, the fuel has to be returned to Russia.

Institutional radioactive wastes

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The processing and conditioning of institutional radioactive waste is done by IFIN-HH and SCN on the sites of the research reactors at Bucharest and Pitesti, in their Treatment and Conditioning facilities.

IFIN-HH is responsible for the transports of conditioned institutional radioactive waste, towards the National Repository for Radioactive Waste (DNDR) which islocated at Baita Bihor. The first waste disposals were made in 1986 and the current estimate is that disposals will continue until 2040. The repository is operated now, by IFIN HH..

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R.W.M. NATIONAL R.W.M. NATIONAL STRATEGY STRATEGY

- Main objectives -- Main objectives - ‘The National Strategy on Medium and Long Term Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste, including the Disposal and the Decommissioning of Nuclear and Radiological Facilities’, provides: L&ILW Surface Repository by the end of 2014 y, HLW Deep Geological Repository Facility by the end of

2055 y. To be increase the safety and technical characteristics of

BAITA – BIHOR Repository for improving the operational conditions.

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STATUS OF STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAMROMANIAN PROGRAM

…about the Near surface repository Saligny

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1992 – 2000 y - A multiple-barriers disposal model was selected, in accordance with international practices and taking into account EU legislation IAEA and OECD reccomendations. 2000 - till now

Site investigations for site characterization and confirmation of the Saligny site.

Propose a Conceptual Design, Preparation of licensing documentation, including the

Initial Safety Assessment Analysis and Environmental Impact

It is on the way the Licensing Process for obtaining the Saligny site License.

L&ILLW REPOSITORY Program

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DISPOSAL CELL

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STATUS OF STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAMROMANIAN PROGRAM

……. About the HLW DGR Concept

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Basic Assumptions Basic Assumptions of of the the ConceptConcept

The DGR proposed concept will implement an existing and demonstrated technology, adopted to the local conditions.

DGR facility will dispose both spent fuel and long lived

wastes from 4 Cernavoda Units operation (30 ys life) and decommissioning of them;

The DGR concept is generic - and is not been based on conditions at any particular site.

No established host rock and No proposed site. It is assumed a Generic Site;

Prior to the receipt at DGR facility, both spent fuel and wastes are stored in existing Cernavoda storage facilities.

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STATUS OF STATUS OF ROMANIAN PROGRAMROMANIAN PROGRAM

……. About the DGR Site

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HOST ROCK HOST ROCK SELECTION PROCESSSELECTION PROCESS

In Romania, the research of the geological environment for a deep geological repository of spent fuel and long lived wastes is in its very early stages and is represented by desk and “on-map” studies.

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Disposal Galleries at DNDR Baita - Bihor

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About….Public INFORMATION

Information on radioactive waste management, including disposal, is an integrative part of national nuclear strategy.

Content of the information on radioactive waste management addresses the current concerns of Romanian public with the target to educate and build confidence that nuclear industry assumes the responsibility and takes care of its waste.

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THANK YOU !THANK YOU !

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Radioactive waste management and public information (I)

•Radioactive waste management, especially disposal, is one of the main public concern when nuclear power is in discussion

•Vision of SNN’s information strategy: SNN SA to be perceived as a trusted source of factual information on all aspects of nuclear power, including radioactive waste management

“We need people to trust us and we work on that”SNN’s information strategy has main targets of: -education and building the credibility on the nuclear power

-education and building the credibility on the Romanian nuclear power program and the Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, as a feasible and safe alternative for electricity production, and considers the following parameters:

i) the target audience to which an attention should focus on;ii) items of interest;iii) methods for education, information and communication.

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Radioactive waste management and public information (II)

•Information on radioactive waste management, including disposal, is an integrative part of the SNN’s information strategy on nuclear power

•Broad target audienceGeneral public Local public – living around the nuclear site(s)Mass-mediaYoung generation (kindergarten and schools, students etc.)Different professionals: teachers, doctors etc.WomenPoliticians: national and local authorities, mayors, elected

representativesSpecial attention should be paid to the people living around the site, as well as to the young generation.Politicians represents a special target, sometime their interest may not match with the nuclear industry.Women represents a very important audience.

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Setting up the financial resources Setting up the financial resources for safefor safe

management of radioactive wastes management of radioactive wastesThe financing mechanism it’s in place starting from 2007 The financing mechanism it’s in place starting from 2007 two segregated funds: one for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste two segregated funds: one for spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management (WMF) and the second one for decommissioning of nuclear management (WMF) and the second one for decommissioning of nuclear facilities (DF); facilities (DF); The fee: 1.40 Euro/MWh for WMF and about 0.60 Euro/MWh for DF, The fee: 1.40 Euro/MWh for WMF and about 0.60 Euro/MWh for DF, covering the following expected costs:covering the following expected costs: 2.040 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of spent nuclear fuel (1.060 2.040 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of spent nuclear fuel (1.060 MUSD for construction and operation of the geological repository), MUSD for construction and operation of the geological repository), 600 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of low and intermediate level 600 MUSD, as nominal cost, for management of low and intermediate level waste (180 MUSD for construction and operation of the near surface waste (180 MUSD for construction and operation of the near surface repository) and, repository) and, 320 MUSD for decommissioning of each Cernavoda Unit. 320 MUSD for decommissioning of each Cernavoda Unit.

For the research nuclear installations owned by the State, the For the research nuclear installations owned by the State, the decommissioning and waste management costs are taken over by the State decommissioning and waste management costs are taken over by the State Budget.Budget.

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Current Strategy for Spent Current Strategy for Spent Fuel Management, in Fuel Management, in

ROMANIAROMANIA

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Annual releases of radioactive effluents (Sv)

5.51 5.684.49

7.22 7.278.3

6.11

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78

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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Cernavoda Unit 1 NPP: The impact on environment

Legal dose for population: 1000 Sv/anDose constraint: 100 Sv/anCurrent annual dose values: < 10 Sv/an

11.8616.28

21.3516.54

24.2229.39

26.41

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10

15

20

25

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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Annual volume of

solid radioactive waste (m3)

Operational annual target: 30 m3

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MAIN INPUT DATA

The Surface repository will dispose low and intermediate short lived radwastes obtained from: operation of four NPP Units, 30 year period, Radioactive waste, generated by decommissioning

of the four NPP Units.

The wastes will be conditioned before the disposal.

All wastes contain some quantities of C-14 and T.

90% of activity is concentrated in spent ionic resins.

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DESIGN FEATURESThe Repository for short lived radwaste will be of near

surface type and will be provided with safety systems selected by taking into account the best practices in the world, as follows:

Filling of disposal structure under a mobile hangar, Disposal vaults will be protected after closure by a

waterproof cover consisting of a multibarrier layers including synthetic long life materials,

Disposal vaults will be provided with safety drainage system,

The water collection system will use a separative rainwater/seepage network.

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DFDSMADFDSMA

R.W.M. NATIONAL POLICY….. R.W.M. NATIONAL POLICY….. cont.cont.

According to the provisions of CNCAN Order 156/2005 the general classification of radioactive waste is the following:

• excluded radioactive waste

• transitional radioactive waste

• very low level radioactive waste

• low and interim level short lived radioactive waste

• low and interim level long lived radioactive waste

• high level radioactive waste

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