Romania in Istoria Secolului XX
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Transcript of Romania in Istoria Secolului XX
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Denumirea disciplinei: ROMNIA N ISTORIA SECOLULUI XX
ANUL III/Semestrul I
Titular de curs: prof. univ. dr. Alesandru Duu
Tematica:
I. SITUAIA GEOPOLITIC I STRATEGIC A ROMNIEI N
SECOLUL XX ! " # " $
% & ' ( ) " # " $ 0 " # 1 # 2
3
4 0 5 ( ) " # 1 # 0 " # 6 7 2
5 ( ) " # 6 7 0 " # 6 8 2
& ' 9 ) " # 6 $ 0 " # $ # 2
' & 4 & ) " # # @ 0 A @ @ @ 2
II. CARACTERISTICI ALE VIEII POLITICE ROMNETI 9 4 B ' 9 C
9 D 9 E F F 0
9 F G
9 A 1 9 " # 6 6 0 1 @ ( " # 6 8
9 0 H ) " # 6 $ 0 " # $ # 2
4 & ( " # $ # C &
III. CARACTERISTICI ALE ECONOMIEI I STRUCTURII SOCIALEB 4 & C 4 &
E
IV. PERFORMANE ALE TIINEI, CULTURII I SPORTULUI
ROMNESC
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PREZENTAREA CAPITOLELOR
I. SITUAIA GEOPOLITIC I STRATEGIC A ROMNIEI N
SECOLUL XX
Romnia la nceput de secol.
& ) " $ 7 # 2 C
) " $ 8 8 2 C ( 9 & 0
B &
( 4 4 E C C
C ) " A 1 6
6
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& 5
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& C &
9 4 &
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& C & & C C
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Romnia i criza bosniac.3
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C & 9 4 4 ( 5
A 7 " $ 8 $ ( & 9 4
G
& 0 9 4 C
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&
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%
( ' C & 9 4 0 4
& C 9 &
& 9 4 4 4
C 9 4 9 & 0
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Romnia i rzboaiele balcanice.G 5 & & &
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9
(
9 C
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5 C C
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5 & 4
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3
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( C 9 & C
9
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E & C 0 D C " 8 H 1 @ " # " 1
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& " $ H 1 " C ) A $ H " @ 9 2
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&
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5 & C
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i ai epocii. .
Romnia i primul rzboi mondial.
Neutralitatea.G 5 & C
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3
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C 4 & 9 ( 5 9 " # "
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5 ( 4 G 0 ! 9 " 7 H A $ 9 " # "
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0 & G 9 C F
G 0 ! 9 G 6 ( 4 9 & 7
4 ( 9 & ( & D 9
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Participarea la rzboi. 9 &
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& ) 4 % ( 9 9
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Armistiul de la Focani.% 5 9 4 4 5 4
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ntre Armistiiu la Pace.
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3
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Reintrarea n rzboi.3
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( 5 9 4 9 D ) A 6 ( H ( 2
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& 4 4 C
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4
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Furirea statului naional unitar romn. 5 4
( & ( & 0
5 4 5 (
3
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Basarabia &
( % 4 ) A H " 7
( " # " 8 2 A 6 H ( " # " $ C 0 &
A 8 H # " # " $ 0 5 C
)
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5 4
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# & 5 1 ) " # 4 # 2 # B 8 ) % 3
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( # # & 4 % ( # " # $ % &
# ) $ % & # ( 4
% $ % # 4 $ # & A
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E ' D
9 & 9
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C 9 5 & C 4
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9 D ) " 1 H A 0 " 7 H A $ ( " # " $ 2 4 5 ! 9
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9
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2 5 9 5 4
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& 9
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) " @ ( " # " # 2 C 4 E C C C 0
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4 5 ! 9 9 9 & 9 &
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E ( & ( 4 C
C ( B ( & " # 1 $
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n vltoarea celui de-al doilea rzboi mondial
Neutralitatea.% C 0 5 ( ) " ( " # 1 # 2
& 0 )
( 2 ( & & & 4 C
5 9 & 9 4 C & ' &
% 4 & 0 1 @ " # 1 "
9 ( 9 & A 7 " # 1 "
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4 5 ( 9 4 " 8
( " # 1 # 4
% & A $ ( " # 1 # C !
4 D D % 4 9 C 9
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9
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4 4 & 9 0 D F G
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" # 6 A 2 E C ) $ ( " # 6 " 2 G ) " @ (
" # 6 " 2 !
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9
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& 0 C &
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Trecerea de partea Naiunilor Unite la 23 august 1944.3
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& 4 5 & & C
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" # 6 @
F & & 5 & &
) 4 2 & ) $ 7 & & 2
A 7 ( " # 6 6 9 9 & 4
& 7 A 7 @ @ @ C C (
( C & 4 " # 6 " 0 C ( 9 &
E 4 & & " A ( " # 6 6
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& C ! 9 E D 4 C
G 0 & 4 9 ) & C 0 0
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G 9 D 0 & C
& C C C
5 ( & 5 ( &
C 4 4 9 " # 6 7
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9 5
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0 ( 5 ( & & C C
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Romnia n primii ani ai rzboiului rece (1945-1947)
De la armistiiu la pace.% A 1 9 " # 6 6 ( 4 & C
9 C 5 ( & 0 4 &
! 9 " # 6 @ E & & 9 4 0
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D & & ! C ( &
&
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4 C G ' &
9 C C 4 D D 0
5 ( ) A 7 9 " # 6 6 2 C ! 9 ) $ ( " # 6 6 2
9
4 E & C 9 4 F ) 1 " 9
" # 6 6 2 4 5 0
0 & ( 9
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E 4 E 4 & & " A (
" # 6 6 ' & (
0 C ( 9 & ( 4 9 D C D ' E
G E 4 4 D % D &
! G C 9
E
& & 0 9 4 ( " # 6 6 (
E D D C F
!
4 C C 0
& & C 0 B 5
4
& # @ %
4 C 0
9 C & ' & 4
D &
! C C 5
9 4 5 4 " # 6 7
G ' 9 & ' C C D
& 4 C & 4
E C 4 9 D 5
% & ( F ( " # 6 7
0 C C & & 9 4 4
9 " # 6 7 ( & C 5 &
4 ( ) A 1 9 " # 6 7 2 G ) " 8 9 2 & 9 4
D 9
C 9 4
5
5 ( & C 9
D F ) 2 9 4 5 4
) A " 9 2
& 0 & 9 4 ) " # 6 7 2
5 ) & 0 C
& 0 ( 2 5 C B ' &
& 4 " C A ( " # 6 7 E ( " # 6
C 9 4 9 4 C D 9
& C
! G 4 9 &
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0 5 & C 9 5 & (
" # 6 6
E ( " # 6 6 9 4 5 4 5
C D ( ) " # 6 7 2 5 & C &
" 1 " # 6 & 4 9 & G ( &
F 9 4 ) 1 @ " # 6 2 E D 4 ) " ( " # 6 7 2
) " " ( " # 6 7 4 ( 2 ! 9 ) " @ ( " # 6 4
2 4 9 ' ( 9 9 G 9 F ) " # 6 4
9 & 2 ) " # 6 4 ( 2 E &
9
9 5 & & ! D C D " # 6 8
Principalele prevederi ale Tratatului de pace cu Naiunile Unite.
& C 9 &
E & " # 6 ( '
5 (
" @ ( " # 6 8 & C
D 9 D G
5 9 C
4 C C
3
& ( &
( 9 5 ( 0 4 5 C
5 & 4 )
& & G
4 5 4 &
G 2 ( 9 & !
4 5
4 A $ " # 6 @ C 4 0 D 4 A #
" # 6 7 C 9 0 ( 9 8 ( " # 6 @
( 4 &
4 4 ( & E D C E
3
& 0 &
1 @ 9 " # 6 @ 4
9 4 C 5 ( C
& C & ! C ( 5 5 4
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& ' ! 4
&
Relaii externe n timpul regimului comunist (1948-1989)
Sub tutela Moscovei.% 9 & 0
4 9 ( C &
6 ( " # 6 $ C 5 5 C 4 & 9 0
4 C F !
0 4 (
A 1 C B 5 C 4
!
4
&
D
3
4 & & &
& ' C
( " # 6 $ F 4 E C C
) E 2 C 4 E F 9 4 C
) F 5 2
3
" # 7 7 & 4 (
C 4 & ) 9 5 & G H G " # 6 # 2
& &
0 G
9 5 & & ! ) " @ ( " # 7 7 2 5
4
( 0 ( " # 7
C 0
( C 4 & 9
ncercri de detaare (i realizri) de sub influena sovietic.3
" # 7 $
' & C & 4 0 C
9 4 4 0 C 9 4
9 &
C 4 A @ @ " ! 9 & 0 4 C % & 4 5 &
( C C C
& " # 6 5 5 &
D 9 4 C E !
4
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3
' 9 D ( & '
C 0
C 4 &
D 9 C 9 D C
C &
4 & 0 D 5
4 4 5
C & & ) E D 0 " # $ 2 C
! G ) D
' 0 " # # C 0 " # 8 7 2 & C D F 9 4
) ( 2 ( & (
) " #
8
!
4
9 & 5 2
& & F 5 ( 0 (
" # 8 4 5 4 C E D 4 ) " # $ 2
& ( 0 5 E
% 4 H
! G ) " # 8 $ 2 C ( &
! G C E D ) " # 8 # 2
3
0 F & C
E B B ( &
5 & 4 5 &
! G ) " # 8 7 2 C
( &
3
0 ' ' 0 4 5
C 9 5 & & ! E
'
C 0
F F 0 ) " # ( " #
8 0
A 1 ( " # $ 2 G 9 5 & & !
5 &
E & 4 C
9 5 & 5 &
C 4
& ' & 4 $ @
5 C D ( & &
! G 4
4 4 G ) " # 8 7 2 4 C
4 E
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( C & 9 4 4 &
4 !
( 4 4 9
) & 2 C ) & 2 & 9 D C
! G 4 4 & & 4
C E C ( 5
& ) " # $ $ 2 5 & 4 5 C 0
& 5 & & C (
4 & ( " # $ #
Consecinele Revoluiei din Decembrie 1989 n planul poziiei geostrategice aRomniei
% 4 & ( " # $ # C 5 4 C
C 4 ) " # # " 2 C 0 4
C 0 5
( 4 C 0 5 (
3
9 C 9 D 5
) A " # # 6 2 4 & !
B ) " # # 7 2 C 5
0 D 9 " # # #
& 9 9 0 4
& 0
% 5 9 ) A " 0 A A ( A @ @ A 2
C
C
9 4 ( G 4 9
G & & 4 A # A @ @ 6 ) 9
B
4 C
4 2 ( G & 0
G % 9
& ! B " A @ @ 8
ntrebri de autoevaluare :
1. La nceputul secolului XX Romnia era
2 & C 9
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( 2 & C 9
2 C 9
2 ( ( 9 D 5
2. n ajunul primului rzboi mondial, n cadrul Imperiului austro-ungar,
ncorporate Ungariei, se aflau:
2 4 E C C C
( 2
4
4
E C C C
2 C 4
2 E C C C 4
3. Obiectivul fundamental al naiunii romne n primul deceniu al secolului XX
l reprezenta:
2 & E
( 2 9 & G
2 &
2 D ( 9 C
(
4. n 1900 Bucovina se afla n compunerea:
2 F &
( 2 F 0 9
2 F
2
5. n 1913 Romnia fcea parte din aliana: 2 E
( 2
3
& 9
2
3
& 9
2 &
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6. Protocolul ncheiat ntre Nicolae Titulescu i M.M.Litvinov, la 21 iulie 1936, laMontreaux, a prevzut:
2 5 !
C & C (
( 2 D & C
!
2 C ( & 9 9 &
&
2 5 4 " # " 8
7. Participarea Romniei la primul rzboi mondial a avut un caracter: 2 ( & C
( 2 & ! 9
2 & &
2 4 9 & '
8. La scurt timp dup angajarea n primul rzboi mondial, Romnia s-a maiaflat n conflict cu:
2 F C
( 2 C 9
2
( 9 C ! 9
2 F
9. Dup nfrngerile militare nregistrate n 1916, Romnia: 2 5 (
( 2 ( 9
2 4
2
10. Tratatul de pace de la Bucureti din 24 aprilie/3 martie 1918 a prevzut: 2 % ( 9 C & E & (
( 2 & 5
2
2 4 F
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CAPITOLUL II. CARACTERISTICI ALE VIEII POLITICE
ROMNETI
Forme de guvernmnt. Exercitarea puterilor n stat. Regimuri i partide
politice democraticeB ' ' 4 & 0 C
forme de guvernmnt0 D ) & 2
( ) 2 0 C
regimuri politice0 0
0 & C
3
4 9 4 &
C 0
C
4
Constituiei
" $
( ( 9 0 4 B 0
C & 0 " # " 8
A # " # A 1 C D '
4 D C & 0
3
9 C
C ( & & C (
3
' 9
&
puterea legislativ ' 9 C
& 5 & 9 0 & E % &
9 0 C 4 5 & & & D C
( ( 4 C
C
4 (
& & 4
Puterea executiv ' 9 4 9
0 C 4
& 4 D
"capul puterii armate"C
G & H 5 ( 9
' 9 0 & C ( 0 D
C & & 0 4 9 C ' 0 9 %
4 0 " # 1 $
4 4 &
3
D &
regii ( ( &
) 5 ( & 5 (
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C ( 4 4 2
C 0 E F ) 4 &
" @ H A A " $ 9 " 6 H A " $ $ " 2 0 4 C 9
( & 9 9 & C
& D 0 & &
' 4 H 9 9 4 9 0
( C 0 5 &
"arbitru"
C 4 4 4
E & 5 4 C 5 & C
C 0 ' C
3
" # " 6 C 5 ( C 0 C
4 4 C 9 9 &
E 5 &
4 0 9 & C 5 E
E A @ H 1 9 " # " 6 4 &
3
viaa politic &
( ) & A 6 " $ 8 7 2 5 ( 9 D 5 C
E 4 ) 1 ( " $ $ @ 2 4
0 9 4
"rotativei guvernamentale" 5 ( (
" # @ " 0 " # @ 6
" # @ 8 0 " # @ # C " # " 6
4 " $ # # 0 " # @ "
" # @ 6 0 " # @ 8
" # @ # 0 " # " 6
( 9 5 C 0 C
( F F E 0 D
& C 9 H 5 & ) C C 2
Partidul NaionalLiberal
0 & C & 5 4 &
"mijloace proprii"
9
& C & 4 4 4
9 C C
E 4 5 )
"junimiti", "takiti", "conservatori puri" 2
Partidul Conservator ( 4 ( 9 ' & C
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C ' & C ( 9 & ) E G '
9 D C 2 5 & 9 4
C ' 4 &
"conservatorii puri")
"junimitii" 4
& ( 2 4 D C &
5 4 C (
3
politica extern & (
& E ( 4
E C C C 4 &
& ( &
3
0
5 ( ( ) " # " 1 2 & ( C 0 &
G C 5 ( ) " # " 6 2
" # "
3
& 4 & 0
% ) " # " @ F 9 2 E 4 0 % ) " # @ $ F 2
!
) " # @ 8
%
H " # " @
0 %
H " $ # 1 0 " $ # # 2 C C 9 ( 0 5 &
& 9 4 C & ( 4
& 4 C & &
4 4 & C
( & C & C 5 & 5
C & ( C 0 9 5 C
4 C & 4 ) " $ $ " 2
& 4 ) " $ $ A 2 C 4 9 5
9 ( & C
9 ( & 9 &
" # " 1 5 E 4 4 ( & &
C
% 4 & 9 E F ) A 8 ( H " @ ( " # " 6 2
4 4 C
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& " # H " " # $ # 2 E
C D C 9 9
5 & 0 ) " # " $ 2 4 C
( &
3
5 ( C 9 C
& & &
C & 0 ) " # " 6 2
( &