Roman Reformers. Tiberius Gracchus Became a tribune in 133 B.C. Became a tribune in 133 B.C. Wanted...
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Transcript of Roman Reformers. Tiberius Gracchus Became a tribune in 133 B.C. Became a tribune in 133 B.C. Wanted...
Tiberius GracchusTiberius Gracchus Became a tribune in 133 Became a tribune in 133
B.C.B.C. Wanted to divide up Wanted to divide up
public lands and give to public lands and give to poorpoor
Vetoed by another Vetoed by another tribunetribune
Eventually, Senate Eventually, Senate staged a riot and had him staged a riot and had him and his followers killed and his followers killed
Gaius GracchusGaius Gracchus Tiberius’s younger brother, Tribune Tiberius’s younger brother, Tribune
in 123 B.C.in 123 B.C. Had government take over sale of Had government take over sale of
wheat and sell it to the poor below wheat and sell it to the poor below market price.market price.
Eventually, 1/3 Romans were Eventually, 1/3 Romans were receiving wheat for freereceiving wheat for free
Senate felt threatened and in 121 Senate felt threatened and in 121 B.C. had him killed B.C. had him killed
Gaius MariusGaius Marius General who became consul in General who became consul in
107 B.C.107 B.C. first lower class Roman to be first lower class Roman to be
elected to such a high officeelected to such a high office Set up professional army, Set up professional army,
everyone could join.everyone could join. Offered pay, land, pensions, and Offered pay, land, pensions, and
itemsitems Helped by providing jobs, hurt Helped by providing jobs, hurt
by making soldiers loyal to by making soldiers loyal to general rather than the general rather than the government government
Lucius SullaLucius Sulla General who opposed Marius; Sulla General who opposed Marius; Sulla
took his army and seized the citytook his army and seized the city Civil War broke out, in the end Sulla Civil War broke out, in the end Sulla
made himself dictator of Romemade himself dictator of Rome Believed power of Senate was key Believed power of Senate was key
to end Rome’s troublesto end Rome’s troubles Senators had more duties, power of Senators had more duties, power of
Tribunes weakenedTribunes weakened Generals could not have more than Generals could not have more than
one year at a timeone year at a time
PompeyPompey
Part of Triumvirate, Part of Triumvirate, Believed in a Believed in a republic ruled by republic ruled by upper class senatorsupper class senators
After Crassus’s After Crassus’s death, he was death, he was murdered giving murdered giving Caesar full control Caesar full control
Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Well-educated politician who became a soldierWell-educated politician who became a soldier Named governor of Roman province in 58 B.C.Named governor of Roman province in 58 B.C. Conquered Northern France, Belgium, and invaded Conquered Northern France, Belgium, and invaded
BritainBritain In 50 B.C. Senate ordered Caesar to break up his In 50 B.C. Senate ordered Caesar to break up his
legions and return home; Instead by 46 B.C. he legions and return home; Instead by 46 B.C. he became dictator of Romebecame dictator of Rome
Redistributed state lands in Italy and founded new Redistributed state lands in Italy and founded new colonies overseascolonies overseas
Gave land to thousands of ex-soldiers who had noneGave land to thousands of ex-soldiers who had none Built roads, drained marshes for land useBuilt roads, drained marshes for land use
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar In 50 B.C. Senate In 50 B.C. Senate
ordered Caesar to break ordered Caesar to break up his legions and return up his legions and return home; Instead by 46 home; Instead by 46 B.C. he became dictator B.C. he became dictator of Romeof Rome
Redistributed state lands Redistributed state lands in Italy and founded new in Italy and founded new colonies overseascolonies overseas
Gave land to thousands Gave land to thousands of ex-soldiers who had of ex-soldiers who had nonenone
Built roads, drained Built roads, drained marshes for land usemarshes for land use
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar Keep the poor and the Keep the poor and the
idle from turning into idle from turning into unhappy and angry unhappy and angry mobs. mobs.
Doubled the size of Doubled the size of the Senatethe Senate
Gave business a Gave business a chance to become chance to become senators.senators.
Cut back on activities Cut back on activities of the publicansof the publicans
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Gave citizenship to Greeks, Gave citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, GaulsSpaniards, Gauls
Adopted a new calendar based on Adopted a new calendar based on the Egyptian calendar, called it the the Egyptian calendar, called it the Julian calendar, similar to what is still Julian calendar, similar to what is still used today!used today!
Killed him as they were afraid he was Killed him as they were afraid he was going to make himself kinggoing to make himself king
Mark AntonyMark Antony
Member of Member of another another triumvirate with triumvirate with Octavian and Octavian and Marcus LepidusMarcus Lepidus
Took command of Took command of Rome’s territories Rome’s territories in the Eastin the East
Caesar’s closest Caesar’s closest follower and a follower and a popular general popular general