Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population
description
Transcript of Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population
![Page 1: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in
Shaping the Human Population
A Historical Perspective
![Page 2: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Disease Defects that cause
disease now might have just been simple variations. May have been harmless
or useful but are harmful now.
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/DNA.jpg
![Page 3: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Disease James Neel: In the ancient environment
humans needed a “thrifty gene.” In modern times however, in the Western
World, humans don’t require reserves of glucose.
Explanation for obesity and diabetes.
![Page 4: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
James V. Neel
Source: http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/gmb/v23n3/4349f1.jpg
![Page 5: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Behavior The behavior of our ancestors can also be a
factor in explaining the modern human populace.
![Page 6: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bipedalism Resources forced our
ancestors to turn to bipedalism.
Bipedalism causes some problems: Examples: Prenatal &
Birthing problems, back aches, knee problems.
Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/lucypaleon2.jpg
![Page 7: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Depression Depression: social
technique dating back to the ancient environment.
http://www.drjoecarver.com/clients/49355/1053332_org.jpg
![Page 8: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Theories about Depression Various theories:
Nesse: Depression a strategy to conserve energy and resources.
Allen and Badcock: Signaled to dominant individuals that the depressed individual was not a threat and needed support.
![Page 9: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Depression in the Modern World In the modern world
depression may no longer be useful because humans live in a non-hierarchal environment that is much more isolated.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/NYC-Skyline-1.jpg
![Page 10: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stress Stress may also have
been beneficial to ancient humans, explaining why it still exists.
Stress prepares the body to overcome a threat and to then recover from an experience.
http://www.worksafesask.ca/files/ont_wsib/certmanual/stress.jpg
![Page 11: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stress in the Modern World Stress, beneficial to our ancestors may
now be harmful to modern humans. The body secretes adrenaline and cortisol
which mobilizes fatty acids and glucose. Now this is not as necessary and can cause
much more harm by contributing to certain disease.
![Page 12: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tool Making Tools allowed our
ancestors to do a lot of things they couldn’t previously do: Examples: scavenging
marrow from bones, extracting termites.
This invention had consequence that have been extremely helpful to the modern human populace.
![Page 13: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Adaptations necessary for tool-making Needed to evolve mobile
thumb joints, powerful muscles and large fingertips.
These adaptations allow humans to do things that other animals and even other primates cannot do.
http://www.southpalmorthopedics.com/portals/2/MedicalLibraryAssets/Medical/CMCArthroFINAL_small.jpg
![Page 14: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Consquences Humans could vary their
diet. Allowed the evolution of a much larger brain, which requires a great deal of nutrients on a daily basis.
Larger brain has benefits such as the ability to reason, the evolution of language and so on.
Natural selection favored those ancient humans with the abilities to make tools.
http://www.h4ppy.com/blog/uploaded_images/Jebel%20Acacus%20Cave%20paintings%203-756757.JPG
![Page 15: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Consequences A larger brain itself is
helpful to humans. Debate as to how the brain
evolved to become so large.
Bruce Lahn: As society developed, the greater cognitive abilities that a large brain provided were beneficial.
Larger brains could manipulate the social structure and their environment.
http://psyweb.com/Brain/Bimages/BW_brain.jpg
![Page 16: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Evolution of Language The ability to speak language for our ancestors
provided great advantages. Communicate ideas, express your needs and
even convince others. Group survival capabilities would be much higher
as well. Noam Chomsky: Those who could use language
would be isolated from other groups, result a “new language-based species.”
Evolution of larynx itself shows its importance. Position of larynx makes humans susceptible to choking. Variation would not be passed on to another generation,
unless a selective advantage such as language existed.
![Page 17: Role of Resources, Behavior and Disease in Shaping the Human Population](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56814cb3550346895db9bb98/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sources Barbujani, Guido, and Laurent Excoffier. "The History and
Geography of Human Genetic Diversity." Evolution in Health and Disease. Ed. Stephen Stearns. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. 27-40.
Feachem, Richard, and Oliver Sabot. "Surviving disease." Survival : The Survival of the Human Race. Ed. Emily Shuckburgh. New York: Cambridge UP, 2007. 99-122.
Nesse, Randolph M., and George C. Williams. "Research Designs." Evolution in Health and Disease. Ed. Stephen Stearns. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. 16-22.
Pollard, Tessa. Western Diseases: an Evolutionary Perspective. New York: Cambridge UP, 2008.
Richards, Graham. Human Evolution : An Introduction for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Routledge, 1987.
Strassman, Beverly L., and Robin Dunbar. "Putting the Stone Age in Perspective." Evolution in Health and Disease. Ed. Stephen Stearns. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. 91-101