Rohit Seminar
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Transcript of Rohit Seminar
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PRESENTATION ONCOMPUTER NETWORKING
R.K.JAIN SUBMITTED BY: -
(HOD,ECE) Kumar Rohit
PRATIBHA ROY ECE-3rdyr
INCHARGE OF SEMINAR 0922031036
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Overview Computer Networks
Basic hardware components
Personal Area Network(PAN)
WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN) Local Area Network(LAN)
LAN basics
Network Topologies
Ring Topology
Star Topology Branching Tree Topology
Network security
Conclusion
Reference
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Computer Networks
A computer network is a system for communicating between
two or more computers and associated devices. It is an
interconnection of computers for the purposes of sharing
information and resources.
A popular example of a computer network is the internet,
which allows millions of users to share information
Computer networks can be classified according to their size:
Personal area network (PAN)
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
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An example of a network
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Router
Internet
Segment Node
Hub
Hub
Bridge
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Basic hardware components
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Network interface cards
A network card, network adapter, or NIC (networkinterface card) is a piece of computer
hardware designed to allow computers to physically
access a networking medium. It provides a low-level
addressing system through the use ofMAC addresses.
Switches
A network switch is a device that forwards and
filters OSI layer 2datagrams (chunks of data
communication) between ports (connected cables)
based on the MAC addresses in the packets.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card -
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Repeaters and hubs
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal, cleans it of unnecessarynoise, regenerates it, and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of
an obstruction
Bridges
Bridges come in three basic types:
Local bridges: Directly connect LANs
Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs.
Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have
been replaced with routers.Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote stations to LANs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(information_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_(data_networks)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_(data_networks)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(information_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater -
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Routers
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A router is an internetworking device
that forwards packets between networksby processing information found in the
datagram or packet
Firewals
Firewalls
A firewall is an important aspect of a
network with respect to security. It typically
rejects access requests from unsafe sources
while allowing actions from recognized
ones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing) -
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A PAN is a network that is used forcommunicating among computers andcomputer devices (includingtelephones) in close proximity of
around a few meters within a room PANs can be wired or wireless
PANs can be wired with a computer bussuch as a universal serial bus: USB (a serialbus standard for connecting devices to acomputer, where many devices can be
connected concurrently) PANs can also be wireless through the use
of bluetooth (a radio standard designed forlow power consumption for interconnectingcomputers and devices such as telephones,printers or keyboards to the computer) orIrDA (infrared data association)
technologies8
Personal Area Network(PAN)
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WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a
telecommunication network that covers
a broad area (i.e., any network that links
across metropolitan, regional, ornational boundaries). Business and
government entities utilize WANs to
relay data among employees, clients,
buyers, and suppliers from various
geographical locations. In essence thismode of telecommunication allows a
business to effectively carry out its daily
function regardless of location.
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A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer
devices, usually within an office building or home
LANs enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware
devices that may be needed by multiple users Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no
more than a mile
Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each
device
Local Area Network(LAN)
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LAN basics
LANs can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fiber optic cable canbe used in wired LANs
Nodes in a LAN are linked together with a certain topology. These topologiesinclude:
Bus
Ring
Star
Branching tree
A node is defined to be any device connected to the network. This could be acomputer, a printer, a router, etc.
A Hub is a networking device that connects multiple segments of the networktogether
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the circuit board that has the networking logicimplemented, and provides a plug for the cable into the computer (unlesswireless). In most cases, this is an Ethernet card inserted in a slot of thecomputers motherboard
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Network Topologies Bus Topology Each node is connected one after the other (like Christmas
lights)
Nodes communicate with each other along the same path calledthe backbone
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Ring Topology The ring network is like a bus network, but the end of the
network is connected to the first node
Nodes in the network use tokens to communicate with eachother
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Backbone
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Star Topology Each node is connected to a device in the center of the network
called a hub
The hub simply passes the signal arriving from any node to theother nodes in the network
The hub does not route the data
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Hub
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Branching Tree Topology
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This diagram illustrates the tree network topology. A tree topology integrates
the star and bus topologies in a hybrid approach to improve network scalability
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Types of Ethernet LANs 10Base-T Operates at 10 Mbps IEEE 802.3 standard
Fast Ethernet (100Base-T)
Operates at 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet
Operates at 1 Gbps Uses fiber optic cable
10 Gbps Ethernet Latest development of Ethernet
Uses fiber optic cable Developed to meet the increasing bandwidth needs of the LAN market
Wireless Ethernet IEEE 802.11 standard Operates at around 2.4 Gbps
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www.answer.com
www.ewikepedia.com
www.google.com
www.hiet.org
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http://www.answer.com/http://www.ewikepedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.hiet.org/http://www.hiet.org/http://www.google.com/http://www.ewikepedia.com/http://www.answer.com/ -
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