Roger Sessions - The Snowman Architecture
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The Snowman Architecture Roger Sessions CTO, ObjectWatch, Inc. [email protected] Twitter: @RSessions Linked-In: Roger Sessions Rodrigo Estrada Architecture Director, Neoris [email protected] Twitter: @REstradaa Linked-In: Rodrigo Estrada
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It is time for a Radical Transformation of IT. IT projects must be smaller, cheaper, and better aligned with the needs of the business. Simplicity must be a key design feature of every IT project. Projects must be delivered in months, not years. And in this new vision of a transformed IT, it is not IT's responsibility to tell the business what it can do, it is the business's responsibility to tell IT what it must do. Enterprise Architecture can be at the forefront of this vision, but only if it is revamped so that its purpose is no longer delivering useless paperwork, but facilitating high value IT projects. This transformation starts with a Snowman.
Transcript of Roger Sessions - The Snowman Architecture
The Snowman Architecture
Roger Sessions
CTO, ObjectWatch, Inc.
Twitter: @RSessions
Linked-In: Roger Sessions
Rodrigo Estrada
Architecture Director, Neoris
Twitter: @REstradaa
Linked-In: Rodrigo Estrada
ObjectWatch/Roger Sessions - The Father of IT Complexity Analytics
- Author of seven books and many highly influential white papers, including
- IASA Fellow
The IT Complexity Crisis
The Mathematics of IT Simplification
Revamping Public Sector IT Procurement to Favor Success and Small Business
- Keynote speaker at many conferences including two Gartner Research Boards.
- Visiting Professor of IT Complexity Analytics at University of the Andes.
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Neoris
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Complexity: The Disease
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• Blown Budgets • Late Deliveries • Missed Expectations • Frequent Disruptions • High Maintenance Costs • Unacceptable Fraud Loss • Inflexible Systems • Inefficient Resource Usage
SIP: The Cure
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S imple
I terative
P artitions
• Grounded in the Mathematics of Complexity • A radical way of thinking about IT Architecture • A redefinition of Enterprise Architecture • Granted broad patent protection
The Four Faces of SIP
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• A guiding principal that says complexity is the single largest problem faced by IT.
• A formula for measuring the complexity of an IT architecture : The Complexity Metric.
• A methodology for finding the simplest possible architectural structure for a given problem: Synergistic Partitioning.
• A proscriptive approach to IT architecture: the Snowman Architecture.
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The Philosophy
The State of Large IT
- (Standish) 2009 Chaos report published by the Standish Group
- GAO Report 08-105IT.
- The IT Complexity Crisis by Roger Sessions
“An estimated 85% of government IT projects are late, over budget or both.”
- The Pew Center on the States, “Focus on Performance”, 2010
“Projects over $10M have a statistically zero chance of being delivered on time, on budget, and with required functionality.”
“OMB and federal agencies have identified approximately 413 IT projects--totaling at least $25.2 billion in expenditures for fiscal year 2008--as being poorly planned, poorly performing, or both.”
“The world economy is losing over $500 Billion per month to IT failure.”
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Two Studies
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Chance of Success 50
25
75
Size Standish (2009) $1.9M 10M+ <$750K labor cost (USD)
(Standish) 2009 Chaos report published by the Standish Group
effort (person months)
(Sauer) The Impact of Size and Volatility on IT Project Performance by Chris Sauer, Andrew Gemino, and Blaize Horner Reich, Comms of the ACM Nov 07
Sauer <= 24PM ($360K)
750PM ($11M)
1700PM ($25M)
2400+PM ($36M)
Relationship Between Project Size and Complexity
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Complexity of Project
Size of Project
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The Formula
The Complexity Metric
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We can measure the complexity of an existing system.
We can measure the complexity of a proposed architecture.
We can compare the complexity of different solutions.
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The Methodology
SIP High Level
Project Identification
Decomposition Preparation Capability
Assignment
Sub-project Spawning
Capability Completion
Requirements Message Harness
Messaging Determination
Dependency Determination
Data Architecture
Technical Architecture
Business Architecture
Integration Imple- mentation
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SIP Preplanning Phase
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The Prescriptive Architecture
A New Approach
Business Architecture
Technical Architecture
Service Architecture
Data Architecture
Vertically Aligned, Synergistically Partitioned Architecture
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Smaller Systems Fewer Dependencies
The Snowman Architecture
Business Architecture
Technical Architecture
Service Architecture
Data Architecture
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Getting the Head Right
Understand mathematics of equivalence relationships.
Understand functional dependencies.
Understand how the business contours project to lower layers.
Understand business capabilities.
Understand methodologies for early identification of synergies.
Understand tools to track synergistic relationships/dependencies.
Understand relationship between complexity and synergy.
SIP: Simple Iterative Partitions
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B1 B2
P2
P3
P1
D2 D3 D1
B3 B4
P5
P9
P4
D5 D4
B7 B8
P7
P8
P6
D7 D8 D6
B5 B6 B9
P10
D9 D10
S1 S2 S3
Snowman Business Functions Processes DataSets
Outgoing
Dependencies
Incoming
Dependencies
S1 B1 B2 P1 P2 P3 D1 D2 D3 S2
S2 B3 B4 B5 B6 P4 P5 D4 D5 S1 S3
S3 B7 B8 B9 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 S2
Context
• Customer: largest private bank in Venezuela
• Lots of regulations
• Small margins
• The bank’s President asked us to
– Validate their technology evolution plan
– Establish complexity metrics
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Current Problems
• Fraud and security issues
• Frequent outages that last too long
• Expensive to maintain
• Holding back their business
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Business/IT Alignment
Business
IT
Enterprise Architecture
Poor Alignment Excellent Alignment
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ROI Example: $20M Project
Traditional Approach Snowman Approach
Net: $2M investment yields $69M return
Budgeted 20 M$
Average Overrun 228 %
Expected Overrun 45.6 M$
Lost Opp Costs 45.6 M$
Total Cost 91.2 M$
Budget 20 M$
Snowman Costs 2 M$
Average Overrun 0 %
Expected Overrun 0 M$
Lost Opp Costs 0 M$
Total Costs 22 M$
Savings 69.2 M$
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Auditing/Compliance
Very difficult to determine who changed data and why.
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Easy to determine who changed data and why.
Time to Failure
Frequent Catastrophic Failures Infrequent Local Failures Roger Sessions 31
Time To Recovery
Primary Snowman
Backup Snowman
Slow Recovery Fast Recovery
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Impact on Local Economy
Benefits Large Foreign Consulting Companies - Negative Impact on Local Economy.
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Benefits Small Local Consulting Companies - Strong Positive Impact on Local Economy.
Benefits of the Snowman Architecture
• Great ROI
• Lower Complexity
• Better Business/IT Alignment
• More Secure
• More Flexible
• Easing Spinning off business units
• More Reliable
• Better for the Cloud
• Easier to audit and comply
• Local Economy Impact
• And more…
Summary - Complexity is the biggest obstacle to effective IT.
- SIP address complexity three ways:
- This is a tremendous value proposition for Enterprise Architecture with high ROI for business.
A metric for comparing complexity
A methodology for eliminating complexity
An architectural approach that embraces simplicity
- These ideas can radically transform IT.
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Suggested Readings A Fundamental Metric for Predicting IT Success by Roger Sessions (White Paper) at http://www.objectwatch.com/white_papers.htm#metric
The IT Complexity Crisis (White Paper) by Roger Sessions at http://www.objectwatch.com/white_papers.htm#ITComplexity
Radical IT Transformation (blog) by Roger Sessions at http://simplearchitectures.blogspot.com/2012/08/radical-it-transformation_14.html
Simple Architectures for Complex Enterprises (Book) by Roger Sessions.
The Mathematics of IT Simplification by Roger Sessions (White Paper) at http://www.objectwatch.com/white_papers.htm#Math
The Equation Every Enterprise Architect Should Memorize (blog) by Roger Sessions at http://simplearchitectures.blogspot.com/2012/03/equation-every-enterprise-architect.html
SIP: A Project Optimization Methodology (webshort) by Roger Sessions at http://simplearchitectures.blogspot.com/2012/01/web-short-sip-methodology-for-project.html
The Relationship Between IT Project Size and IT Failure Rate (webshort) by Roger Sessions at http://simplearchitectures.blogspot.com/2012/01/web-short-relationship-between-it.html
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Acknowledgements
The snowmen photos are all licensed under Creative Commons and taken from Flickr. They photographers are, in order of appearance: - chris.corwin - The Year of Mud - Jason Alley - jcarwash31
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