Roger Mackett Centre for Transport Studies University College London London, Great Britain
Roger Mackett, Kamal Achuthan and Helena Titheridge Centre for Transport Studies
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Transcript of Roger Mackett, Kamal Achuthan and Helena Titheridge Centre for Transport Studies
ECOMM, San Sebastian, 13-15 May 2009
Evaluating increases in accessibility for people who are socially excluded
Roger Mackett, Kamal Achuthan and Helena TitheridgeCentre for Transport Studies
University College London
Evaluating increases in accessibility for groups in the community
This involves bringing together information on• The mobility capabilities of the members of the
group• Their movement patterns or potential movement
patterns • Potential improvements to the environment to
increase accessibility• The cost of implementing the improvements• The numbers benefiting from the improvements
These are brought together in AMELIA
The policy analysis tool
A
M
E
L
I
A
The policy analysis tool
A
Methodology for
Enhancing
Life by
Increasing
Accessibility
AUNT SUE
• Funded by EPSRC under the SUE programme;• Focus is on increasing social inclusion through
improving accessibility etc;• Involves UCL, London Metropolitan University and
Loughborough University;• Main elements:
– Design of a policy analysis tool - AMELIA;– Development of improved transport designs and
operations;– Evaluation in the testbed areas.
The elements of the policy analysis tool, AMELIA
Analysis ofthe impact
of the actions
Changes in the number of sociallyexcluded people
meeting the benchmarks
BenchmarksPolicy objective
Policy actions to achieve the
objective
Data on thelocal area (transport
networks, opportunities,etc)
Data on thepopulation in a
socially-excludedgroup
The procedureSet the policy objective
Identify the relevant characteristics
Select a policy action
Set the values for the policy action
Set up the data for testing the policy action
Examine the results
Guidance on values
Run AMELIA Set the benchmark
Costs
AMELIA information system
Guidance
Guidance is provided on:
• Best practice in design
• Personal characteristics that define why the person is excluded
Characteristics of the policy actions
• To date, 57 policy actions have been identified which can be examined using AMELIA
• They have the following characteristics:
– 10 types of social exclusion
– 6 modes of travel
– 14 types of policy action
– 13 types of barriers that can be overcome
The study area – St Albans, Herts
St Albans
The study area: St Albans
The study area: St Albans
Barriers to movement in St Albans
Lack of dropped kerbs Narrow pavements
The case study
• Objective: to improve access within the city centre• The socially excluded group being considered:
the population aged 65+ based on the Census of Population, 2001 (19231 people), disaggregated into categories according to walking ability using data from the Disability Survey of Great Britain.
• The policy actions:– Providing dropped kerbs at existing crossings;– Providing crossings every 100 m;– Providing wider pavements;– Providing benches every 100 m.
The costs of the policy actions
Dropped kerbs - €1075 each side or €2150 per crossing
Pedestrian crossings - €26 940 each
Benches - €540 each Pavement - €70 per square metre
The existing layout of benches, crossingsand footways in the centre of St Albans.
The proposed layout of the new crossings, existing crossings with new dropped kerbs and the widened pavements.
The number of residents of St Albans aged 65 or over with various walking capabilities
Group Cannot walk up one step
Can walk up one step
Total
Cannot walk at all or can walk less than 46m
2500 0 2500
Can walk 46m but not 183m
77 1077 1154
Can walk 183m but not 402m
77 692 769
Can walk 402m 0 14,808 14,808
Total 2654 16,577 19,231
Implementation of the case studyAssumptions:• Those living within 800 metres of the city centre
walk there (or travel by wheelchair);• The rest arrive by bus or car, split into their
relative use by people aged 65+ nationally;• Bus users are allocated to the bus stop within
400m of the city centre most appropriate for where they live; they are then assumed to walk or use a wheelchair;
• Car users allocated to car parks within 400m of city centre in proportion to their capacity; they are then assumed to walk or use a wheelchair.
Numbers of people arriving in the city centre and at the Old Town Hall by each mode
Walk or wheelchair all the way
Bus then walk or
wheelchair
Car then walk or
wheelchair
Total
Total numbers using each mode to arrive in the city centre
485 2793 15,953 19,231
Total numbers able to reach the Old Town Hall
161 2151 10,838 13,674
% able to reach the Old Town Hall
33 77 70 71
Increases in the numbers of people who can reach the Old Town Hall by each mode
Walk or wheelchair all the way
Bus then walk or
wheelchair
Car then walk or
wheelchair
Total
Providing dropped kerbs at existing crossings
0 0 24 24
Providing crossings every 100m
0 0 0 0
Providing wider pavements
0 0 13 13
Providing benches every 100m
7 56 461 524
Cost of implementing the policy actions
Unit cost Number of units
installed
Total cost Cost/
head
Providing dropped kerbs at existing crossings
€2150 each
23 €49,450 €2060
Providing crossings every 100m
€26,940 each
11 €296,340 -
Providing wider pavements
€70 per m2
3689 m2 €258,230 €19,864
Providing benches every 100m
€540 each
314 €169,560 €324
Phase 2 - ConSEPT
Consulting Socially Excluded People about Transport
Objectives:• To check that the assumptions in AMELIA are valid• To help develop AMELIA as a consultation tool
Procedure• Identify four suitable types of socially excluded people• Set up a series of discussions with groups of them around AMELIA• Refine AMELIA
Conclusions
• It has been shown that AMELIA can calculate the mean cost per head of policy actions.
• In this case, providing benches every 100 m seems to be the most cost effective policy action.
• But, many assumptions have been made.• The largest difficulty is establishing ‘capabilities’.• Still lots of work to be done.
Further information
Contact Professor Roger Mackett• E-mail: [email protected]
• AUNT-SUE website: http://www.aunt-sue.info/.