Roda Gigi Intro-09
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Transcript of Roda Gigi Intro-09
![Page 1: Roda Gigi Intro-09](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050721/55cf968d550346d0338c430c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Roda Gigi (gear)
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Fungsi Roda Gigi
• Mentransmisikan daya dari poros satu keporos yang lainnya.
• Meningkatkan atau menurunkan putaran
Types of Gear
• Parallel – Axis Gears• Nonparallel, Coplanar Gears• Nonparallel, Noncoplanar Gears
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Spur Gear Drive
Spur gear drive./roda gigi lurus
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Spur Gear
Digunakan ketika roda gigiharus berputar pada porosyang pararel
Giginya lurus dan paraleldengan poros
Contoh aplikasi: construction equipment, machine tools, conveyors
Helical Gear Drive
Helical gear drive.
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Helical Gear
Gigi pada helical gears dipotongdengan sudut untuk menghadap rodagigi.
Perbandingan kontak lebih besardaripada roda gigi lurus sehinggadapat mentransmisikan putarantinggi dan beban besar.
Jenisnya: Roda gigi miring, rodagigi miring silang, roda gigi miring berganda
Contoh aplikasi : machine tools,material handling, feed drives, marine applications
Straight Tooth Bevel Gear Drive
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Bevel Gear• Bidang jarak bagi merupakan bidang kerucut yang
puncaknya terletak di titik potong sumbu poros.
• Digunakan bila arah rotasi putar perlu diubah.
• Bevel gear terbagi menjadi:
Straight, spiral, dan hypoid
Straight Bevel Gear
• Keuntungan: mudah dibuat
• Kerugian:
-sangat berisik karena perbandingan kontak kecil
-tidak memungkinkan pemasangan bantalan pada kedua ujungporos
• Contoh aplikasi :material handling, steering, bottling
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Spiral Bevel Gear
Perbandingan kontak lebihbesar (seperti helical gear) sehingga dapat meneruskanputaran tinggi dan bebanbesar.
Contoh aplikasi: bottling,material handling, steering, agriculture
Hypoid Bevel Gear
• Mempunyai jalur berbentukspiral pada bidang kerucutyang sumbunya bersilangan, dan pemindahan gaya padapermukaan gigi berlangsungsecara meluncur danmenggelinding.
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Worm Gear Drive
Worm gear drive. (a) Cylindrical teeth; (b) double enveloping.
Worm Gear
• Digunakan bila membutuhkan reduction ratio pasangan roda gigiyang besar.
• Cacing dapat memutar gigi dengan mudah tapi gigi tidak dapatmemutar cacing dengan mudah.
• Karena sifat ini, worm gear biasa digunakan pada conveyor.• Aplikasi lain adalah machine tools, packaging machinery, pallet
loaders
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Internal Gear
• Pinion dan gear bergerak ke arahyang sama.
Planetary Gear• Seperti Tata Surya
• Digunakan pada mobil otomatis
Rack and Pinion Gear
• Digunakan untuk mengubahgerakan rotasi menjadi gerakanlinear.
• Digunakan pada sistem kemudimobil.
• Cara kerja: Setir mobil memutarroda gigi yang tersambung kerack. Ketika roda gigi berputar, dia menggerakkan rack ke kiriatau ke kanan, tergantung arahsetir kemudi.
• Digunakan juga pada timbanganbadan.
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Spur Gear Geometry
Basic spur gear geometry.
Center Distance
2/)( gpd ddc +=Circular pitch
g
g
p
pc N
dNd
Ndp
πππ===
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Gear Ratio
p
g
p
gr N
Ndd
g ==
g
g
p
pd d
NdN
p ==
Diametral pitch
module
g
g
p
p
Nd
Nd
m ==
Gear Tooth Nomenclature
Nomenclature of gear teeth.
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Preferred Diametral Pitches
Preferred diametral pitches for four tooth classes.
Class Diametral pitch,pd, in.-1
Coarse 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Medium coarse 12, 14, 16, 18Fine 20, 24, 32, 48, 64,
72, 80, 96, 120, 128Ultrafine 150, 180, 200
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Diametral Pitches
Standard diametral pitches compared with tooth size. Full size is assumed.
Addendum, Dedendum and Clearance
Parameter Symbol Coarse Pitch(pd<20in-1)
Fine pitch(pd �20in-1)
Metric modulesystem
Addendum a 1/ pd 1/ pd 1.00 mDedendum b 1.25/ pd 1.200/ pd+0.002 1.25 mClearance c 0.25/ pd 0.200/ pd+0.002 0.25 m
Formulas for addendum, dedendum, and clearance (pressure angle 20°, full-depth involute.)
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Pitch and Base Circles
Pitch and base circles for pinion and gear as well as line of action and pressure angle.
Involute Curve
Construction of involute curve.
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Backlash
Illustration of backlash in gears.
Recommended Minimum Backlash
Diametralpitch pd, in.-1
Center distance, cd, in.
2 4 8 16 32Backlash, bl, in.
181285321.25
0.0050.0060.007
----
0.0060.0070.0080.0100.014
--
-0.0090.0100.0120.0160.021
-
--
0.0140.0160.0200.0250.034
----
0.0280.0330.042
Recommended minimum backlash for coarse-pitch gears.
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Externally Meshing Spur Gears
Internally Meshing Spur Gears
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Simple Gear Train
Compound Gear Train
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Example
PR :
NA = 1000 rpm ( cw )
NE = ? rpm (besar & arahnya )
Reduction gear
input
output
Note :
1. Total reduction ratio adalah sama/mendekati dengan dua angka terakhir NPM anda. Tapi jika nilainya < 10, maka angka tersebut dibalik. (706198409)
2. Reduction ratio pada tiap pasangan roda-gigi nilainya < 5.
3. Reduction ratio pada tiap pasangan roda-gigi nilainya bukan bilangan bulat.
4. Arah putaran poros masuk sama dengan arah putaran poros keluar.
5. Jumlah gigi pinion minimum adalah 12 gigi.
6. Tetukan jumlah gigi pada setiap roda gigi
itot
P = 10 kW
N= 1000 rpm
Hitunglah kekuatan satu pasang roda gigi.
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KARAKTERISTIK MATERIAL
Gear ukuran besar,gearcommercial,moderatpower rating
Power gear,mediumpower rating
Ukuran kecil padajumlah potong banyak
Biaya murah, permesinan baik,pekaterhadap impak
Biaya rendah,kekuatantinggi
Biaya rendah,kekuatansedang
FERROUS1. Cast iron
2. Cast steel
3. Tempered steel
AplikasiKarakteristikMaterial
Kemungkinanterkena korositinggi,low power rating
Low to medium power rating,korosisedang
Power gear,mediumpower rating
Seri banyak (kotaktransmisi mobil)
Ketahananterhadap korositinggi,nonmagnetic,tidakdapat dikeraskanDapatdikeraskan,magnetic
Permesinanbaik,dapatdiperlakukan panas
Kekuatan tinggi
4. Stainless steel :300 series
400 series
5. Plain-carbon steel
6. Baja inset
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Peralatan yang ringan
Peralatan yang murah
Pasangan gear daribaja
Ringan,nonkorosif,kemampuan mesin sangat baik
Biayamurah,nonkorosif,kemampuan mesin sangat baik
Kemampuan mesin sangat baik,friksirendah,baik jikadipasangkan denganbaja
NONFERROUS1. Alluminium alloy
2. Brass alloy
3. Bronze alloy
Peralatanringan,beban rendah
Produksitinggi,kualitasrendah,komersial
Produksitinggi,kualitasrendah,komersial
Sangat ringan,tidaktahan korosi
Biayamurah,kekuatanrendah
Biayamurah,kualitasrendah,kekuatanmenengah
4. Magnesium alloy
5. Die-cast alloy
6. Sintered powder alloy
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Umur panjang,tidakberisik,beban rendah
Beban sedang,tidakberisik
Umur panjang,tidakberisik,beban rendah
Friksi rendah
Tahan lama,umurpanjang,kemampuanmenyerap air rendah
Pengerjaan tidakberisik,plastikberkekuatan tinggi
Friksirendah,penyerapan air tinggi,tidak perlupelumas
Friksi rendah,tidakperlu pelumas
NONMETALLIC1. Delrin
2. Phenolic laminates
3. Nylon
4. Teflon (fluorocarbon)