Rocky IV: Training in the Soviet Unionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SUzcDUERLo

Soviet Union- Warsaw Pact• Eastern Europe• Cuba• China• North Korea• North Vietnam

USA- NATO• Western Europe • Middle East• Canada• South Korea• South Vietnam

Division of Germany after WWII

←Berlin

Nuclear Weapons• USA (1945) and USSR (1949) only countries with

atomic weapons• Both sides had Hydrogen Bombs more destructive

(1953)• Fear of Nuclear War- Duck and Cover/Fall out

shelters• Limit weapons to prevent a nuclear attack

Bert the Turtle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

Question: How did the Cold War affect everyday life?

Sports Competitions

• 1980 Olympics- “Miracle on Ice” US hockey Team beats Soviets

• 1976 USA Boycotts Moscow Olympics • 1984 Soviets Boycott Olympics in USA• Boxing

1980 Miracle on Ice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRALJyv86eY

Question: How did Miracle affect the Cold War and people’s attitudes towards it?

Spies-Intelligence gathering

• Planes looking & testing atmosphere for evidence of weapons

• US Senator Joseph McCarthy-Red Scare

• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- Soviet Spies executed in USA (1953)

Rosenberg Trial:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B33oE73tPUo

Space Race

• Education Focus: Math & Science• Sputnik-SU Satellite (1957)• NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration-

Eisenhower (1958)• Humans in Space-Yuri Gagarin-SU (1961)

John Glenn-USA (1962)• Apollo 11- Man on the Moon-Buzz Aldrin and Neil

Armstrong- USA (1969)

President Kennedy Speech at Rice University: 8:40http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouRbkBAOGEwNeil Armstrong 40 year anniversary:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0ib-U4dZRM

The Berlin Wall• A wall erected by the Soviets

completely surrounding Free West Berlin.

• WHY – to keep the people of Soviet controlled East Berlin from escaping to Free West Berlin

• Soviets built it to keep their communist workers in

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9mWgqYBZos (Berlin Wall 9:20)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywY67XU56KE&feature=relmfu (Escape from Berlin 9:19)

                                                

                                                            

US Foreign Policy 1945-1991

• Truman Doctrine-

• Marshall Plan-

• Containment-

Early Indirect Conflicts• Berlin Airlift- 1948-Stalin cut off supply lines to Berlin, but

the allies supplied West Berliners with food and fuel for over a year

• Chinese Communist Revolution- 1949- Mao Zedong establishes a Communist Totalitarian State

• Korean War -1950-1953-Division at the 38th parallel – North Korea- Communist-

ruled by Kim Il Sung– South Korea- Capitalist-

US support

Communism in the Western Hemisphere

• Cuban Revolution- Fidel Castro sets up a communist government- 1959

• Bay of Pigs Invasion- 1961-JFK’s failed attempt at sending US trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro

• Trade Embargo on Cuba• Cuban Missile Crisis- 1962-Soviets put

missiles in Cuba and the USA put missiles in Turkey. The JFK set up a naval blockade and Khrushchev agreed to -remove missiles.

Another Proxy War

• Vietnam War- 1955-1976- The US attempts to stop the spread of Communism from the North (Ho Chi Minh) to the South (Ngo Dinh Diem). US policy Vietnamization-US pulls out Saigon falls to the North and communism

• Cambodia- 1970- US

bombed North Vietnamese

trade route in Cambodia

Falling Apart – the End of the Cold War

• Protests began in many Eastern European countries

• People wanted a say in their government

• Leaders of countries tried to squash this with military power

Mikhail Gorbachev

• Became leader of Soviet Union in 1986

• 1/3 of population was living in poverty

• Policies– Ease tension with US (Reagan)– Pulled out of Afghanistan– Glasnost (openness) allowed political

and intellectual debate– Perestroika (restructuring) political and economic change

• Instituted elections for Congress and President

Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 9, 1989-Travel restrictions lifted and Berlin Wall is torn down

Reagan Speech-4 minhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8Berlin Wall Falls-3:20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnCPdLlUgvo&feature=relatedCrossing to Freedom-3:56http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg&feature=fvwp&NR=1

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/11/09/world/europe/20091109-berlinwallthennow.html?_r=1&

It’s falling…• Glasnost and Perestroika resulted in chaos. This led to uprisings• Satellite countries began to declare independence from the USSR

• Hungary led protests but were squashed by Russian tanks and troops in the 1950s. No one wanted to fight back until…

• Czechoslovakian people had protest marches with millions of people…their government could not stop them so they asked for change and they get it! (starts here first)

• 1990 Czechoslovakia will become first country to break away from the Soviets and become a democracy

• Communism is falling apart and Russia can’t stop it!

• People are mad at Gorbachev and he resigns!

It’s falling…Poland• While Czechoslovakia was fighting for their freedom and

democracy (and they WIN it in 1991), Polish workers unite to fight for their rights

• Lech Walesa, a union leader, rises to the top as the man who will lead Poland to freedom over communism around 1988

• In 1991 Walesa unites all of Poland and communism falls in Poland

• He becomes the 1st freely elected President of Poland• Now other countries fight back and communism falls all

over Eastern Europe – the COLD WAR ENDS!!

Independence MovementsCZECHOSLOVAKIA: • 1989• student protests, Peaceful division

of country

EAST GERMANY:• 1989, May 1990- free elections• Destruction of Berlin wall, protests,

free elections

HUNGARY:• Dec. 1989• Informal democratic political

groups, PROTESTS

BULGARIA:• 1989• Hunger strikes, protests, mass

exodus

POLAND:• 1989• Lech Walesa led workers on

strikes & protests. Walesa 1st democratically elected president in Eastern Europe

ROMANIA:• 1990• protests, killed leader, revolted,

army joined protesters

USSR:• 1991• Satellite nations gain

independence and free elections

END OF COLD WAR!!!!!

Fall of Communism

• Boris Yeltsin-Democracy and a Market Economy based on capitalism helps Russia

• 1991 official breakup of the Soviet Union

Review Questions

Why is the Berlin Wall so important?

Which country fought for independence first?

Who is Lech Walesa? Which country is he connected with?

Why did communism fall?