Rocks & The Rock Rocks & The Rock CycleCycle

NotesNotes

The Rock Cycle Notes - AdvancedWrite the definition of a rock:

Rocks - A solid, naturally occurring mineral or mineral-like substance.

Read me: RocksRead me: Rocks vs vs MineralsMineralsROCKS

◦SOLID MIXTURE OF MINERALS

◦MAY BE ORGANIC◦Forms naturally

MINERALS◦NATURALLY FORMED OF

ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS

◦ INORGANIC SOLID◦HAVE CRYSTALS◦NOT MADE OF ROCKS◦HAS A DEFINITE

CHEMICAL MAKEUP

RocksRocks vs vs MineralsMinerals

MINERALS ARE CLASSIFIED BY ◦CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

RocksRocks vs vs MineralsMineralsROCKS ARE

-CLASSIFIED BY HOW THEY ARE FORMED

EACH TYPE OF ROCK IDENTIFIED BY

-COMPOSITION= what minerals the rock is made of.

-TEXTURE=sizes, shapes and positions of grains in the rocks

What rocks are made What rocks are made of…of…

THE COMPOSITION OF ROCKS IS DETERMINED

-BY THE KIND OF MINERALS &

-THE AMOUNT MINERALS THAT MAKE IT UP

TYPES OF ROCKSTYPES OF ROCKS

TYPES OF ROCKS: 1.) IGNEOUS◦SEDIMENTARY◦METAMORPHIC

FORMED WHEN MAGMA or LAVA COOLS AND HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES)

2 TYPES1. INTRUSIVE: inside earth

MAGMA COOLS SLOWLY BENEATH EARTH’S SURFACE

LARGER CRYSTALS COARSE GRAINED (TEXTURE)2. EXTRUSIVE: outside earth’s surface

LAVA COOLS QUICKLY ON THE SURFACE

SMALLER CRYSTALS FINE GRAINED (TEXTURE)

Key Words: ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY ROCK

Examples: Obsidian, GraniteExamples: Obsidian, Granite

KEY WORDS

MELTING and COOLING

2. Sedimentary Rocks-FORMED WHEN ROCKS ARE WEATHERED AND ERODED, (Then) SEDIMENTS get COMPACTed AND CEMENTed into SOLID ROCKs

3 TYPES of Sedimentary rocks:A. ORGANIC: FOSSILIZED REMAINS OF PLANTS OR ANIMALS B. CLASTIC: FRAGMENTS OF OTHER ROCK ARE COMPACTED TOGETHERC. CHEMICAL: SEDIMENTS ARE “GLUED” TOGETHER BY DISSOLVED MINERALS

(write in space at bottom)-TEXTURE IS DETERMINED BY THE

SIZE OF PARTICLES OF SEDIMENT

ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY

-WEATHERING, EROSION, & SEDIMENTS COMPACTING & CEMENTING TOGETHER

Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

KEY WORDS

WEATHERING and EROSION

COMPACTING and CEMENTING

Examples of Sedimentary rocksExamples of Sedimentary rocks

SANDSTONE

LIMESTONE

COAL

CONGLOMERATE

3.METAMORPHIC FORMED WHEN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK BY THE HEATING OF THE ROCK AND PRESSURE FROM OTHER ROCKS

AROUND IT. 2 TYPES of Metamorphic:

A. FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ALIGNED IN LAYERS

B. NON-FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ARRANGED IN RANDOM MANNER

ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE

HEAT and PRESSURE

KEY WORDS

Examples of metamorphic rocksExamples of metamorphic rocks

Soap stone Gniess

Rock CycleRock Cycle

THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLEOne of the cycles of nature that continually recycles rocks & materials that make up Earth’s crust

siltstone

slategneiss

limestone

marble

shale

ROCK CYCLEROCK CYCLE

There are many different paths a rock may follow to go through the process of changing from one type of rock to another

THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLE

Slate

(m)

Gneiss

(m)Schist

(m)

Phyllite

(m)

Shale

(s)

Siltstone

(s)

THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLE

Quartzite

(m)

Sandstone

(s)

Granite

(i)

The color of rocks may be different because of the minerals or other substances that make it up.

Breccia Sedimentary

Gneiss Metamorphic

Quartzite Metamorphic

Granite Igneous

1. Extrusive Igneous http://www.kitsch.net/lavawalker/ 

2. Intrusive igneoushttp://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/Lect3.html

3. Sedimentary scroll down for diagramshttp://www.theapproachinghour.com/earth/earth/the_layers_and_the_internal_structure_of_earth.asp

4. http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_RocksSandstone

5. Organic...why coal is coolhttp://geology.com/articles/coal-through-a-microscope.shtml

6. Metamorphic rock formationhttp://www.docbrown.info/page21/GeoChangesANS06.htm

http://elearning.stkc.go.th/lms/html/earth_science/LOcanada2/207/1_en.htm