Rockcyc Mineral
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The Rock CycleThinking about relationships among the major rock groups
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Major Rock Groups Igneous
Formed from a melt (molten rock) Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and
crystallization Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface
Sedimentary Formed at the Earth’s surface Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical
precipitates) Metamorphic
Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.
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Fig. 2.9
MAGMA
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MAGMA
Crystallization
IGNEOUS
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MAGMA
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Crystallization
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
Uplift
Crystallization
Weathering
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
Uplift
Crystallization
Weathering SEDIMENT
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
Uplift
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
Uplift
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
Crystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
MeltingCrystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
DepositionCan you see
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MAGMA
Volcanic
IGNEOUS
Plutonic
SEDIMENT
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
UpliftBurial
Increased P&T
MeltingCrystallization
WeatheringErosion
Transport
Deposition
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The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups
It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth
As well as earth’s momentum and…
The energy from the sun It involves processes on
the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior
It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.
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What is a mineral? Naturally occurring Non-organic Characteristic chemical
composition Distinctive physical properties Crystalline structure
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Mineral properties Color Luster Habit (Shape) Cleavage & Fracture Streak Hardness Other
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Color: Not mineral specific
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Luster: How minerals reflect light
Non-metallic
Metallic
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Mineral Habit (Shape)
Shape a mineral takes if grown unimpeded
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Cleavage & FractureCleavage: planes of
weakness along which minerals can break
Fracture: surfaces along which minerals can break
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Cleavage & Fracture
Best identified on a fracture surface
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Streak:
The powdered form of a mineral
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Hardness:Based on Moh’s scale of hardness
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Other Properties Specific gravity Reaction to acid Striations Magnetism
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Igneous Rocks
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Metamorphic Rocks
GneissSchist
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Sedimentary Rocks
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone