Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery - da Vinci System

*Some of the slides adopted from: Amanda NevesUniversity of Rhode Island Department of Computer, Electrical, and Biomedical Engineering

by Shachar Ilan

Robot-Assisted SurgeryThe Vision – Ridley Scott

What is Laparoscopic surgery?Minimally invasive operation performed in

pelvis or abdomen through small incisionsDone for diagnostic purpose or to perform a

surgical procedure

Tools for Standard Laparoscopic Surgery

Digital laparoscope - Small Camera + Light source

Inserted through tiny tube (cannula) to see the operation

Abdomen is then inflated with carbon dioxide (not harmful to body) to raise abdominal wall above organs

Click for video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vlKmnIVxZU

Laparoscopic Surgery – Pros and Cons

Pros - Patients experience less pain, smaller chance of hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time

Cons - Awkward motion for surgeon Displaced hands and view Requires surgeons to stands Hard to learn – leads to complications with

inexperienced doctors

Open Surgery Scar Laparoscopy Scar

da Vinci System - ConsoleSurgery is performed without any

direct contact between surgeon and patient

Doctor sits away from operating table at an ergonomic, customizable computer console viewing 3D visual of operative region

Can theoretically be in another room (or another continent)

da Vinci System - RobotMulti-arm laparoscopic surgery robot

replicates the surgeons’ motions with tiny tools inserted in the patients’ body through small incisions.

Surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and translated the into more precise micro-movements of the instruments.

Click to play:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzYmDbISnzY

da Vinci Operation Room

Components of da Vinci SystemDual consoles allows doctors to collaborate in

a very small space.7 DOF with wrist at tip of tool, allow for a very

wide range of motion, wider than a human hand.

A variety of tools can be mounted on robotic arms and switched easily. Tool positions can be memorized and re-positioned by system

Force applied can be limited electronicallyCon – Surgeon gets no force feedback

da Vinci System – Some Statistics FDA Approved since 2000 Approximately 300,000 da Vinci procedures performed

yearly Cost ~1.8M$ + ~150K$ Yearly Maintenance 2000+ Systems installed worldwide

◦ 1500 in USA, 5 in Israel Most common procedures:

◦  hysterectomies and prostate removals

Pros and Cons of da Vinci SystemPros Can perform more

delicate procedures Does not leave a

large surgical scar More high risk

patients can undergo surgery because it’s less invasive

Cons Cost - $1+ million Steep learning curve Expensive training Inability to feel the

tissue Surgery with this

system takes 40-50 minutes longer

Future of Robotic Surgery – Possibilities

◦Tele-surgery◦Haptics◦Single incision port with

miniature snake-like robotic arms◦In-surgery guidance by fusing

information from prior CT, PET, MRI etc.

◦Surgery performed first in simulator planning environment, then robot re-enacts successful surgery on patient

◦Far future –Semi/Fully automated surgery

Thank you

Sources:◦ Amanda Neves, University of Rhode Iland:

www.ele.uri.edu/courses/ele482/S10/AmandaN_1.ppt

◦  Anna Oleksiewicz, University of Illinois: https://wiki.engr.illinois.edu/display/BIOE414/Description+of+the+major+components+in+the+da+Vinci+surgical+system

◦ Jennifer Poland, Business Insider:

http://www.businessinsider.com/the-future-of-robotic-surgery-2012-7

◦ Ryan Bradley, Fortune:

http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2013/01/15/robotic-surgeons

◦ Intuitive Surgical:http://www.intuitivesurgical.com/

◦ Dr. Catherine Mohr, TED Talk:http://www.ted.com/talks/catherine_mohr_surgery_s_past_present_and_robotic_futre.html

◦ Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_surgery