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8/19/2019 Robert Fischer
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Advanced Retrofit
IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit
Stockholm, December 1, 2010
Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Advanced Retrofitholistic building strategy
for the entire, remaining life cycle
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Design Process
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
IV Target agreement
Preliminary estimate of thebuilding strategy
Stakeholders´ checklistII Needs evaluation
Building typologyIII Building analysis& Location analysis
I Market potential evaluation& Building analysis light
Initial questionsadvanced retrofit
Added value checklist
V Planning phases
VI Realization phases
VII Target effectivenessevaluation
Re-evaluation of building strategy(e.g. new marketsituation)
Lessons learned
for future stages
7 steps advanced retrofit strategy Instruments
10 steps to a prefab module
Module design guide
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step IInitial questions
Advanced Retrofit
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Initial questions
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
i
§
Time schedule?How long continue to operate in current form?When does the strategic planning have to be completed?
Basis of information?What building, economic & tenant-specific data are available?Where or how the basis of information can be completed?
Parameters?What parameters set by owner or operators (private nature)?Special parameters set by authorities (legal nature)?
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step IInitial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Market potential evaluation& Building analysis light
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Market potential Building substance
Preliminary estimate of thebuilding strategy
Value retention Partial renovation Total renovation New build replacement
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Questions market potential YES NO
Environment:Does the position and location of the object lead to expect above-averageperformance? Is the diversification strategy applicable?
Tenants:
Long-term, satisfied tenants secure return on investment. Are the tenantswilling to pay more for improved conditions?Is the diversification strategy applicable?
Use potential:Is it possible to use the building and premises more intensely and as a result,to increase profits? Do building regulations allow for extension?
Overall evaluation: Is the market potential good?
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Questions building substance YES NO
Energy use:Is the energy use already low enough to lessen the risk of the premisesbecoming vacant when energy costs rise?
Structural condition:Condition of roof, façades, windows and HVAC? Is earthquake safety
guaranteed or simply to be improved?Condition of fixtures and fittings:How are the bathroom, toilets, and kitchen fitted out? Do the apartmentscomply with today's standards (e.g. room height, lighting conditions, andsound insulation)?
Room allocation and floor space:Does the room allocation and floor space cover today's requirements? Is a
simple adaption of the room allocation possible?
Overall evaluation: Is the building substance good?
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Total renovation:
Building substance and marketpotential allow for comprehensiveinvestments that lead to a clearappreciation of the building.
New build replacement:
Investing in the existing buildingis not worthwhile. There ishowever, the potential ofimproved use of the plot.
G o o d m a r k e t p o t e n t i a l
Partial renovation:The aim is to secure earnings andvalue of the building in the long-
term, or increase them accordingly.
Value retention:The aim is to secure the futureuse of the building without jeopardizing habitability andrental revenue. P
o o r m a r k e t p o t e n t i a l
Good building substancePoor building substance
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
If the preliminary estimate showsthat a partial or acomprehensive renovation
makes sense, these have to belooked at in depth. Thefollowing steps may be used forthis.
If the preliminary estimate showsthat value retention can beachieved, or that a new build
replacement makes sense,they can be developed withthe planners and contractors. C
o n c l u s i o n
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step IInitial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Needs evaluation
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step IInitial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Building operators
Stakeholders' checklist
Users (tenants)
Public authorities Planners Contractors
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Question YES NO
Is there a need for subsidized housing?
Does the building make a valuable contribution to the town? (Architecturalpreservation and protection)?
Are planning instruments available to change valid land use regulations (e.g.an increase in the floor space index for a design plan)?
Are there any building inspectorate or planning regulations that might possiblybe bypassed (e.g. old building lines, design regulations, parking spaces)?
Do the building operators and planners know about the points thathave been answered YES?
Exemplarily questions for public authorities
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
QuestionPlanningobjective
Which elements of the building fulfil their function inadequately because theyare dated and need to be replaced? Are these inevitable repair costs
quantifiable?
Which financial means are available for refurbishment? What percentage shouldor can be outside financing?
What is the scope for rent increase after refurbishment? Should a percentage ofsubsidized apartments be provided?
How much return on equity should or can be achieved with the object? (Income
property approx. 5%, capital investment 3-4%, property for 'aficionados'
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
QuestionPlanningobjective
What do the tenants especially appreciate? What can be improved and whichrequirements are currently not catered for?
What is the current tenant mix (age structure, types of household, origin,number of people in each apartment, income levels)?
Which type of tenant does the property developer want to attract and inwhich rental price bracket?
How should the apartments be upgraded to meet the needs of future tenants?Can special provisions be made to encourage social contact and a range of
services (meeting places, common rooms, playgrounds, etc.)?
Has a use scenario been defined for the building by answering thesequestions?
Exemplarily questions for operators - Use scenario
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
QuestionPlanningobjective
Which layout appeals to the user group? (number of rooms, size of rooms,connections between the rooms, open or closed kitchen, number of bathroomsand toilets)
Which private outdoor areas do the user group prefer? (balcony, loggia, patio,terrace, vegetable garden)
What kind of atmosphere especially appeals to the targeted user group (stateof the apartment, lighting conditions, etc.)?
Which standard suits the targeted user group? (floor coverings, walls, ceilings,built-in appliances, kitchen and bathroom fittings, built-in cupboards)
How much rent can or does a typical household in the user group want topay?
For which user group is the apartment particularly suited?
Exemplarily questions for users (operators perspective)
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step I
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Initial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Building analysis& Location analysis
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
TypologyMapping of the action areas foran advanced retrofit strategy
Building envelope
Openings Balconies
>> Prefabricated Modules
Flat
Building
Environment
Access
++ Added value
Storeys
City
Quarter
Open spaces
Neighbouringproperty
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
1.) General Type
• Fast orientation
• General strategies for prefab. refurbishment
• Basis for communication and sensitization
• Privat owners
2.) Focus Type
• Market studies
• Potential for several prefab. modules
• Technical guidelines• Planners and industry
Typology
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
1
14500
2
11900
7
4900
6
5300
5
6900
3
10900
4
10400
10
4200
9
4400
11
3300
8
4900
Typ No. 0
Number of buildings 24600Frequency ~ 23%
Typology
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
OET 3121
~47% ~1870000
OET 0324
~6% ~250000
OET 3224
~6% ~230000
OET 3124
~5% ~210000
OET 0321
~5% ~200000
OET 0326
~3% ~110000
PAT 111121
~16% ~110000
PAT 311127;8
~9% ~60000
PAT 211127;9
~8% ~50000
PAT 211126;9
~7% ~50000
PAT 111128
~7% ~50000
PAT 121121
~6% ~50000
GOT 710
~26% ~30000GOT 605
~11% ~13000
GOT 105
~11% ~13000
GOT 100
~7% ~8000
GOT 714
~6% ~7000
GOT 512
~6% ~7000
WindowsTotal:
~3980000
BalconiesTotal:
~670000
RoofsTotal:106000
Typology
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Typology
Total ~54%of all openings
F4.10
F4.10 Solar Façade
F4.10 Double Window
Potential for F4.10~1,393,000 Modules
Potential for F4.1-DW~376,000 Modules
Potential for F4.1-SF~306,000 Modules
I f :
- O r i e n t a
t i o n S E - S W
- H o r i z o n
< 1 5 °
I f :
- W i n d o
w s r e n e w e d
a f t e r 1 9 9 0
100%
Market Potential
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step I
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Initial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Target agreement
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Needs evaluation
Added value checklist
Building analysis& Location analysis
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Situation Planning questions
Green spaces that have not beenallocated to a specific use. Can patios be laid out? Could new children's playareas be created in agreement with the owners of theneighbouring property?
Open spaces with parking fields thatborder a side street with moderatetraffic.
Is there sufficient, easily accessible bicycle parking?Can existing narrow bike rooms be used for anotherpurpose?Can hard-surfaced areas be upgraded by using thisspace for an extension?Can an underground car park be built to reallocatedparking spaces in favour of a new outdoor structure?
Sides of a building that borderdirectly onto a main road or sidestreet.
Can ground floor apartments or garages be convertedinto offices, ateliers, shops, or childminding facilities?Is there demand for these amenities in theneighbourhood? Could such a demand be stimulated?
Exemplarily checklist for open spaces
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Situation Planning questions
Inside staircase not running along the insideof the outer wall. There is no lift.
Can a lift be installed inside the house?
A lift is next to the staircase and stops ateach landing at storey level.
Is the lift accessed without steps from thestreet onwards?Is the lift wheelchair-accessible?
The stairs run along the inside of the outer
wall and have the landing at floor level wherethe apartment entrances are, but they are notadjoined to the outside wall. There is no lift.
Can barrier-free access be provided by
installing a lift and access balconies at storeylevel?Can the ground level apartments be accessedbarrier-free (e.g. patio)?
Exemplarily checklist for access
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Exemplarily checklist for storeys
Situation Planning questions
The building has storeys that are heated, andfully or partly occupied with apartments. Can the building shell achieve a morecompact design with an extension?
The building has one or several upper storeysthat are at least partly set back from thefaçades.
Can the attic be converted to a full storey?
The building has one or several lower storeysthat are not heated.
Does the amount of natural light allow thespace to be converted into living space?
The building has one or several upper storeysthat are not heated.
Can the building be extended upwards?Considering the loss of storage space, is itworth converting the attic?
The building has one or several storeys inwhich the internal space is reduced to aboutthe same area of the main entrance.
The storey needs to be extended.
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step V
Step II
Step III
Step I
Step IV
Step VI
Step VII
Initial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Planning phases& Realization phases
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Planning of an advanced retrofit with pref-fab modules
see: 10 steps to a pref-fab module
The modules are standardised in construction, layers, and joints
The modules are flexible in architecture, form, and cladding.
The modules can be combined with each other and with non-prefabricated (conventional) retrofit options.
Further information: Module design guide
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Total prefabricated
Semi prefabricated withF4.1 modules
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
1.) Equalising layerto existing surface
2). Load bearing construction layerwith insulation, ducts and wires
3). Second insulation layer withshading system
4). Cladding / skin layer
Construction principle
Pictures - René Kobler, FHNW
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
Step II
Step III
Step I
Step IV
Step V
Step VI
Step VII
Initial questionsAdvanced Retrofit
Target effectivenessevaluation
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
IV Target agreement
II Needs evaluation
III Building analysis& Location analysis
I Market potential evaluation& Building analysis light
Initial questionsadvanced retrofit
V Planning phases
VI Realization phases
VII Target effectivenessevaluation
Re-evaluation of building strategy(e.g. new marketsituation)
Lessons learned
for future stages
7 steps advanced retrofit strategy
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 – Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit – Subtask AHSLU – Competence Centre for Typology & foresight Planning in Architecture (CCTP) Prof. Dr. Peter Schwehr, Robert Fischer
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IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Retrofit Subtask A