Robbins OB15GE Inppt02

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education

Organizational Organizational BehaviorBehavior

15th Global 15th Global EditionEdition

Diversity in OrganizationsDiversity in Organizations

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Robbins and JudgeChapter2


Chapter 2 Learning ObjectivesChapter 2 Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be able to:After studying this chapter you should be able to: Describe the two major forms of workforce diversityDescribe the two major forms of workforce diversity

Identify the key biographical characteristics and describe how they are Identify the key biographical characteristics and describe how they are relevant to OBrelevant to OB

Recognize stereotypes and understand how they function in organizational Recognize stereotypes and understand how they function in organizational settingssettings

Define Define intellectual ability intellectual ability and demonstrate its relevance to OBand demonstrate its relevance to OB

Contrast intellectual from physical abilityContrast intellectual from physical ability

Describe how organizations manage diversity effectivelyDescribe how organizations manage diversity effectively

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Describe the Two Major Forms Describe the Two Major Forms of Workforce Diversityof Workforce Diversity

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LO 1

Surface-Level Diversity

Deep-Level Diversity

Diversity Management


Describe the Two Major Forms Describe the Two Major Forms of Workforce Diversityof Workforce Diversity

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LO 1

Insert Exhibit 2.1


Biographical Characteristics Biographical Characteristics and How Are They Relevant to OBand How Are They Relevant to OB

AgeAge Belief is widespread that job Belief is widespread that job

performance declines with performance declines with increasing age.increasing age.

The workforce is aging. The workforce is aging. U.S. legislation that, for all intents U.S. legislation that, for all intents

and purposes, outlaws mandatory and purposes, outlaws mandatory retirement. retirement.

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LO 2

Those readily available in a personnel file



SexSex Few issues initiate more debates, misconceptions, and Few issues initiate more debates, misconceptions, and

unsupported opinions than whether women perform as unsupported opinions than whether women perform as well on jobs as men do.well on jobs as men do.

Few, if any, important differences between men and Few, if any, important differences between men and women affect job performance. women affect job performance.

Psychological studies have found women are more Psychological studies have found women are more agreeable and willing to conform to authority, whereas agreeable and willing to conform to authority, whereas men are more aggressive and more likely to have men are more aggressive and more likely to have expectations of success, but those differences are minor. expectations of success, but those differences are minor.

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LO 2




Race and EthnicityRace and Ethnicity Employees tend to favor colleagues for their own race in Employees tend to favor colleagues for their own race in

performance evaluations, promotion decisions, pay raises.performance evaluations, promotion decisions, pay raises. Different attitudes on affirmative action with African-Different attitudes on affirmative action with African-

Americans preferring such programs than do whites.Americans preferring such programs than do whites. African-Americans generally do worse than whites in African-Americans generally do worse than whites in

employment decisions.employment decisions. No statistical difference between Whites and African-No statistical difference between Whites and African-

Americans in observed absence rates, applied social skills at Americans in observed absence rates, applied social skills at work, or accident rates.work, or accident rates.

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LO 2




DisabilityDisability A person is disabled who has any physical or mental A person is disabled who has any physical or mental

impairment that substantially limits one or more major life impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.activities.

The “reasonable accommodation” is problematic for The “reasonable accommodation” is problematic for employers.employers.

Strong biases exist against those with mental Strong biases exist against those with mental impairment. impairment.

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LO 2




TenureTenure The issue of the impact of job seniority on job The issue of the impact of job seniority on job

performance has been subject to performance has been subject to misconceptions and speculations. misconceptions and speculations.

ReligionReligion Although employees are protected by U.S. Although employees are protected by U.S.

federal law regarding their religion, it is still an federal law regarding their religion, it is still an issue in the workplace.issue in the workplace.

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LO 2




Sexual orientationSexual orientation Federal law does not protect employees against Federal law does not protect employees against

discrimination based on sexual orientation.discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Gender identityGender identity Often referred to as transgender employees, this topic Often referred to as transgender employees, this topic

encompasses those individuals who change genders.encompasses those individuals who change genders.

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LO 2

Those not readily available in a personnel file…


Stereotypes and How They Stereotypes and How They Function in Organizational SettingsFunction in Organizational Settings

““Discrimination” is to note a difference between Discrimination” is to note a difference between things.things.

Unfair discrimination is assuming stereotypes about Unfair discrimination is assuming stereotypes about groups and refusing to recognize differences.groups and refusing to recognize differences.

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LO 3


Define Define Intellectual AbilityIntellectual Abilityand and Demonstrate Its Relevance to OBDemonstrate Its Relevance to OB

Two typesTwo types Intellectual abilitiesIntellectual abilities Physical abilitiesPhysical abilities

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LO 4

Ability is an individual’s current capacity to perform various tasks in a job



Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform mental activities—thinking, reasoning, and problem mental activities—thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. solving.

Most societies place a high value on intelligence, Most societies place a high value on intelligence, and for good reason. and for good reason.

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LO 4



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LO 4

Intellectual

Ability

Number

Aptitude Verbal

Comprehension

Perceptual

Speed

Inductive

Reasoning

Deductive

Reasoning

Spatial Visualiza

tion

Memory

Exhibit 2.2


Contrast Intellectual Contrast Intellectual from Physical Abilityfrom Physical Ability

Physical AbilitiesPhysical Abilities The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina,

dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

The three main categories of physical ability The three main categories of physical ability are…are… StrengthStrength FlexibilityFlexibility And Other characteristicsAnd Other characteristics

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LO 5



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LO 5

Insert Exhibit 2.3



Importance of ability at work increases difficulty in Importance of ability at work increases difficulty in formulating workplace policies that recognize formulating workplace policies that recognize disabilities.disabilities.

Recognizing that individuals have different abilities Recognizing that individuals have different abilities that can be taken into account when making hiring that can be taken into account when making hiring decisions is not problematic.decisions is not problematic.

It is also possible to make accommodations for It is also possible to make accommodations for disabilities.disabilities.

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LO 5


Describe How OrganizationsDescribe How Organizations Manage Diversity Effectively Manage Diversity Effectively

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LO 6

Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and

Retaining Diverse Employees

Diversity in Groups

Effective Diversity Programs


Describe How OrganizationsDescribe How Organizations Manage Diversity Effectively Manage Diversity Effectively

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LO 6

Effective Diversity Programs

Teach Legal Framework

Teach the Market

Advantages Foster the Skills and

Abilities of All Workers


Managerial Implications and SummaryManagerial Implications and Summary

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This chapter looked at diversity from many perspectives paying particular attention to three variables— biographical characteristics, ability, and diversity programs.


Managerial Implications and SummaryManagerial Implications and Summary

2-21

Diversity programsSelection

An effective selection process will improve the fit between employees and job requirements.

Diversity ManagementDiversity management must be an

ongoing commitment that crosses all levels of the organization.


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mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.


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