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12. In the eye, do

melanomas

spread via

lymphatics?

no

13. In these

conditions,

stromal deposits

generate discrete

opacities in the

cornea and may

compromise

vision?

stromal dystrophies

14. In this condition

there is

abnormal

Descement

membrane with

progressive loss

of endothelial

cells?

Fuch's endothelial dystrophy

15. Iris, choroid,

ciliary body

make up what?

uvea

16. Know why sclera

might appear

blue

- It may become thin following episodes

of scleritis, and the normally brown color

of the uvea may appear blue clinically

because of the optical Tyndall effect.

- Sclera may also be thinned in eyes with

exceptionally high intraocular pressure

and because this zone of scleral ectasia is

lined by uveal tissue, the resulting lesion,

known as a staphyloma, also appearsblue.

- The sclera may appear blue in

osteogenesis imperfecta.

- Finally, the sclera may appear blue

because of a heavily pigmented

congenital nevus of the underlying uvea,

a condition known as congenital

melanosis oculi. When accompanied by

periocular cutaneous pigmentation, this

condition is known as nevus of Ota

17. Most common

intra-ocularmalignancy in

adults is what?

uveal melanoma

18. Most common

malignancy of

the eyelid is

what?

basal cell carcinoma

19. Mutations of the RB

gene predispose to

other cancers

besides

retinoblastoma,

what are they?

osteosarcoma, glioblastoma, and

carcinomas of the breast, lung, colon

and bladder

20. Phthisis Bulbi Trauma, intra-ocular inflammation,

chronic retinal detachment, and

many other conditions can give rise to

an eye that is both small (atrophic)

and internally disorganized: phthisis

bulbi

21. Reduction in

number of goblet

cells due to

conjunctival

scarring leads to

what? What does

that do?

- decrease in surface mucin

- prevents tears from adhering to

corneal epithelium then you get dry

eye

22. True or False:Retinoblastoma is

the most common

primary intra-

ocular malignancy

in children.

True

23.What are cataracts? cataract describes lenticular opacities

that may be congenital or acquired

24.What are the 2 types

of age related

macular

degeneration?

non-neovascular and neovascular

25.What are the two

forms of

retinoblastoma and

which type is more

common?

Heritable (30-40%) and Sporadic

(60-70%)

26.What can happen

when this becomes

pretty severe?

retinal detachment

27.What happens in

keratoconus?

thinning and ectasia of the cornea

resulting in conical shape rather than

spherical shape

28.What is a dellen?

Where are these

seen?

- saucer-like depression in corneal

tissue (a consequence of focal

dehydration)

- pinguecula

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29.What is a

Morgagnian

cataract, and

what can it lead

to?

- the lens cortex may liquefy nearly

entirely, a condition known as

hypermature or morgagnian cataract.

- High-molecular-weight proteins from

liquefied lens cortex may leak through the

lens capsule (phacolysis). This phacolytic

protein-either free or contained within

macrophages-may clog the trabecular

meshwork and contribute to elevation inintra-ocular pressure and optic nerve

damage; phacolytic glaucoma is an

example of secondary open-angle

glaucoma.

30.What is

generally the

treatment

option used in

cases when the

sight has a high

chance of being

saved?

Chemoreduction

31.What is

papilledema?

edema of head of optic nerve

32.What is the

difference

between open

angle glaucoma

or angle closure

glaucoma?

- open-angle glaucoma = high pressure

and aqueous can get through, access to

trabecular meshwork

- angle-closure glaucoma = there is

something blocking it, no access to

trabecular meshwork

33.What is the

location of the

RB gene?

Chromosome 13, region 14

34.What is the

main reason for

corneal

transplantation

in the US?

Fuch's endothelial dystrophy

35.What is the

most common

presenting sign

of

retinoblastoma?

Briefly describe

it.

Leukocoria- is an abnormal white

reflection from the retina (instead of "red-

eye" you get a "white-eye" reflection b/c the

light reflects off of the white tumor)

36.What is the

most common

primary intra-

ocular

malignancy of

children?

retinoblastoma

37.What is the most common

primary neoplasm of the

optic nerve?

glioma and meningioma

38.What is the most

important feature that

adversely affects

prognosis?

Extension into the optic nerve,

particularly if the tumor is

present at the surgical margin

39.What is the second mostcommon malignancy of

eyelid?

sebaceous carcinoma

40.What know a Hollenhorst

plaque is (pg 1362)

fragments of atherosclerotic

plaques can lodge within

retinal circulation

41.What step of the cell cycle

does the RB protein help

regulate?

G1 to S transition

42.Where are the most likely

areas that you will see

BCC?

lower lid and medial canthus

43.Where do melanomas

spread to first if they

MET?

liver

44.Where do you see copper

deposition in Wilson's

disease?

Descement membrane

45.Where does the third

tumor usually occur in

trilateral retinoblastoma?

Pineal or suprasellar region

46.Why does retrolental

fibroplasia happen?

administration of oxygen as a

premature baby, low birthweight

47.Why is infection of the eye

with Chlamydia bad?

conjunctival scarring

48.With optic nerve cupping,

what would you suspect?

increased intra-ocular pressure