Roanoke Island

Roanoke Island

Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to establish a colony in North America. He chose Roanoke, a small island off North Carolina, as the site of the first English settlement. Because of poor funding, poor preparation, poor leadership, and poor luck, all three settlements on Roanoke failed. The final and most famous of these failed colonies is the “lost colony” of Roanoke. After sending for supplies from England, three relief ships were caught in the attack of the Spanish Armada; and this delayed their return to the colony. When the supply ships arrived, there was no trace of the colonists. One report claims that a post was marked with the word, CROATOAN, the name of the local Indians and a nearby island. No one knows the fate of the Roanoke settlers.

1586

Sir Walter Raleigh

Jamestown1607

•1607 – 3 ships, 105 men and boys

•1608 – John Smith “Don’t Work, Don’t Eat

•1609-1610 – Starving Time, 440/500 died

•1619

• 90 Women

• 20 Africans

• House of Burgesses (1st representative government in the colonies)

Jamestown

• 1622 – Native Americans attacked, ~300 settlers killed

• 1624 – Virginia became royal colony

• 1676 – Bacon’s Rebellion– Frontier settlers unwilling to tolerate

government that did not protect them and their interests and willing to rebel against it

• Tobacco played a tremendous role in Jamestown’s success. It would become the major cash crop in the southern colonies.

Plymouth1620

Two views of both Plymouth Rock and the building that houses it.

Plymouth was established in 1620.

Most of Plymouth’s early settlers were Separatists, people who had broken with the Church of England. (We refer to these people as Pilgrims.)

The Plymouth colony is famous for holding the first Thanksgiving feast.

In 1691 the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Plymouth.

Mayflower

Plymouth Plantation

New Amsterdam(New York) 1626

The Dutch originally settled in New Amsterdam in 1624. Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan Island from local American Indians in 1626. The settlement and the fort became known as New Amsterdam.

In 1664 King Charles II of Britain wanted the land between New England and Virginia, so he forced Peter Stuyvesant to surrender New Amsterdam to the British.

Charles II gave New Amsterdam to his brother, James, the Duke of York. James renamed the territory New York. Peter Minuit

Massachusetts Bay 1630

After the Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, the Puritans settled in Boston in 1630.

The Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England. They also wanted to serve as an example to other Christians – “A City on a Hill.”

The relationship between the colonists and local Native Americans was somewhat hostile. That hostility led to King Philip’s War in 1675.

Massachusetts Bay Colony became a royal colony in 1691.

John Winthrop

Maryland1634

Named for Queen Henrietta Maria of England, wife of Charles I, Maryland became a chartered (proprietary) colony in 1632.

It was established by Lord Baltimore as a haven for English Catholics.

The first settlers left England on November 22, 1633, with two small ships, the Ark and the Dove. They landed on March 25,1634.

The Toleration Act of 1649 provided some degree of religious freedom for Christians. Queen Henrietta Maria of England

Rhode Island1636

In 1636 Roger Williams established the first permanent settlement in Rhode Island after he was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he wanted religious freedom. (Banished for the same reason, Anne Hutchinson followed him two years later.) Williams bought land from the Narragansett Indians and settled in an area near present-day Providence. In 1663 it received a royal “Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.” (Hutchinson and her six children moved to Long Island, New York, following her husband’s death. In 1643 Indians killed her and five of her children.)

Roger Williams

Connecticut

In 1662 John Winthrop petitioned for a charter to unite the Connecticut and Quinnipiac colonies. The charter passed, and a seat of government was establish soon after.

John Winthrop

South CarolinaHistory Beyond The Textbook

1663

In 1663 Britain’s King Charles II created the colony of Carolina and named it after himself.

In 1670 Charleston (Charles Town) was established and was named after the king.

In 1710 North and South Carolina could not agree on a common government, so they separated. Officially, North and South Carolina became two separate colonies in 1729.

King Charles II

North Carolina

In 1653 Virginia colonists began to settle in the area now known as North Carolina.

King Charles II granted the colony a charter in 1663.

Most of the settlers were poor tobacco farmers.

Tobacco drying in a barn.

New JerseyHistory Beyond The Textbook

1664

The Dutch settled present-day New Jersey as a part of New Netherland in 1623.

The English seized the area from the Dutch in 1664.

The king gave that area to James, the Duke of York. James gave Sir George Carteret the area between the Hudson and Delaware rivers. That area was named after the Island of Jersey.

George Carteret

New Hampshire1664

Originally, the Massachusetts Bay Colony owned the area that became the colony of New Hampshire.

In 1638 John Wheelwright established Exeter when he was sent away from Boston for supporting his sister-in-law, Anne Hutchinson.

New Hampshire officially separated in 1691 to become the royal Province of New Hampshire.

John Wheelwright

Pennsylvania1681

Swedish, Dutch and English settlers arrived in the Pennsylvania area around 1647.

William Penn received the land in 1681 as payment to settle a debt owed to his father. Pennsylvania was named after Penn’s father and given the Latin root word sylvania meaning “forest.”

Penn’s Treaty with the Indians

Delaware1682

Delaware was named after former Virginia Governor, Thomas West, Lord De La Warr.

Lord De La Warr

Georgia

Georgia was the last of the original thirteen colonies the British settled. Georgia was founded in 1733, by James Oglethorpe.

This colony was established as a buffer zone between Spanish Florida and the English colonies.

Oglethorpe also planned for it to be a haven for English debtors. Slavery and rum were banned, and the colonists could only own a limited amount of land. (These restrictions were later lifted.)

January 7, 1755, Georgia officially became a colony of the royal crown.

James Oglethorpe

The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies• The Puritans were the most important group of settlers in the New England

Colonies.– They were intolerant of differing religious views.

– They stressed literacy as everyone needed to be able to read the Bible.

The New England Colonies

• Long, cold winters, and rocky soil did not allow for large-scale farming

• Small farms and towns

• Most settlers came from England

• Main economic activities were farming, fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, and shipping “carrying trade”

• Had the longest life expectancy

The Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies

• Ethnically diverse and included people of many faiths• Farms were larger, soil more fertile, and the growing season longer

than that of New England “Bread Basket”• Commerce was also an important part of the economy• New York City and Philadelphia were important port cities

The Southern Colonies

The Southern Colonies

• Economy was based on large scale cash/staple crops – crops that are in constant demand - tobacco, rice, and indigo

• Relied on slave labor • Mostly rural, less urban growth

– Few towns/cities• Charles Town, SC• Williamsburg, VI

• Shortest life expectancy (~45 years) because of climate and disease

Important Terms/Ideas Associated with the Colonies

• Triangular Trade – trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

Americas

Africa

Europe

Triangular Trade


• The Middle Passage- the forced journey of Africans across the Atlantic


• Indentured Servant– In return for their passage, they

worked for a master for a set period (usually 7 years/until 21)

– If they survived, they might get land payment


• Land– Motivated People to come to America– Source of wealth– Source of Conflict

• Native Americans• Other European Nations

France Spain Holland Russia

Britain


• Ideas associated with Money & Government– Mercantilism

• Gold = Wealth = Power• Colonies a source of income for the mother country

– Balance of Trade• Country should export more than it imports• Colonies source of raw materials & purchase manufactured items from mother

country– Salutary Neglect

• British colonial policy of the early 1700s• As long as the colonies made mother country rich, there was not much political

interference or enforcement of trade laws• Types of Colonies

– Royal Colonies – the king appointed the governor (by 1776, most of the 13 colonies were Royal colonies)

– Proprietary Colonies – these colonies are ruled by an owner– Charter Colonies – the king granted a license to a business/owner


• The Great Awakening – involved a series of religious revivals in the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s (bring people back to religion)– New Churches established

• More religious choice/freedom

• Some stressed equality

• Some stressed importance of the congregation over the minister

– These ideas will spread from religion to other areas of life such as government

The End

• Our Next topics in US history are the Road to the Revolution and the Revolutionary War!

• Huzzah!

Roanoke Island

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