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Roadmap for research infrastructures A pilot project of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Roadmap for research infrastructures A pilot project of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Roadmap foR ReseaRch infRastRuctuRes

A message from the Federal Minister

Excellent research infrastructures are of the utmost importance for Germany as a leading scientific nation. This applies equally to scientific progress and to Germany‘s global competitiveness, not least as an attractive location for researchers from throughout the world. Competitive research infrastructures are the key to addressing challenging issues, achieving vital technological advances and developing new research fields. Germany plays a leading role in Europe in providing and utilising such infrastructures. Our responsible, future-oriented research policy is guided by the principle of providing an outstanding research environment and contributing the resulting expertise at national and European level.

In the past, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has earmarked considerable funds for the implementation of new research infrastructures. The BMBF launched the pilot phase to establish a roadmap for research infrastructures in 2011 in order to continue investing the available resources as efficiently as possible and to be able to plan the realisation of new research infrastructures on a long-term basis. The core element of the roadmap process is an evaluation of the scientific aspects. This evaluation serves as a basis for setting the BMBF‘s overall priorities, while also taking the issues of social relevance and financial feasibility into consideration. Important foundations are being laid that exceed the boundaries of individual disciplines.

The German Council of Science and Humanities has found a compelling solution to the challenging task of producing a scientific assessment from a comprehensive overview of the science and research system. I would like to thank all the parties involved. The research infrastructures that were selected in this process will give Germany an important new impetus as a research location in the years ahead. This brochure provides an overview of the research infrastructures that were selected prior to or during the roadmap process.

Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka Federal Minister of Education and Research

1 Roadmap foR ReseaRch infRastRuctuRes

Contents

Preface

Pilot project "Roadmap for research infrastructures" ...............................................................................................2

New research infrastructures in the pilot phase of the roadmap process ..............................................................5

CTA Cherenkov Telescope Array..........................................................................................................................................................6 EU-OPENSCREEN Open screening platforms for chemical biology.................................................................................8 IAGOS In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System................................................................................................... 10

Emerging research infrastructures .............................................................................................................................13

BERLinPro* Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project................................................................................................................. 14 CESSDA Council of European Social Science Data Archives .............................................................................................. 15 CLARIN – a web and centres-based research infrastructure for the social sciences and humanities............. 16 DARIAH – Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities..................................................................... 17 ECRIN European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network............................................................................................ 18 E-ELT European Extremely Large Telescope .............................................................................................................................. 19 ELI The Extreme Light Infrastructure............................................................................................................................................ 20 ESSsocial – Survey on Society and Democracy in Europe ................................................................................................... 21 ESS – The European Spallation Source.......................................................................................................................................... 22 FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research ......................................................................................................................... 23 FLASH II* – Free-Electron Lasers in Hamburg.......................................................................................................................... 24 New research vessel Polarstern ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 New research vessel Poseidon............................................................................................................................................................ 26 New research vessel Sonne.................................................................................................................................................................. 27 GCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing........................................................................................................................................ 28 ICOS Integrated Carbon Observation System ........................................................................................................................... 29 Infrafrontier – Systemic phenotyping, archiving and distribution of mouse models ........................................... 30 IPL – In Vivo Pathophysiology Laboratory* ............................................................................................................................... 31 High-performance climate computer HLRE 3 .......................................................................................................................... 32 The National Cohort – nationwide, long-term epidemiological study.......................................................................... 33 SHARE Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe ............................................................................................. 34 SOEP Socio-Economic Panel.............................................................................................................................................................. 35 W 7-X* – The Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator................................................................................................................................... 36 XFEL European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH ................................................................................................. 37

Overview: Research infrastructures and participating countries...........................................................................38

Overview: Set-up costs of the research infrastructures ..........................................................................................40

* Research infrastructure of the Helmholtz Association


Pilot project "Roadmap for research infrastructures"

Research infrastructures (RI) are an essential component of every science and research system. In turn, efficient research infrastructures serve to advance basic scientific research and enable complex or even interdisciplinary scientific issues to be addressed. Furthermore, access to wide-ranging research infrastructures provides a basic framework that enables scientists to continue their training and fosters the transfer of technology and knowledge. Thus, the cornerstones are laid down for a high-performance and future-oriented science and research system. This increases Germany‘s attractiveness as a location of scientific and technological developments, even at international level. In particular, research infrastructures with cross-border partnerships attract a large number of scientists and young science professionals from Europe and all over the world. Therefore, investments in research infrastructures invariably invest in the future of society.

When making investment decisions relating to the operation and use of extensive research infrastructures, research policy must consider the substantiated scientific requirement thereof, as well as their quality and financial viability. Only then is the investment justifiable.

Outstanding basic research provides the foundation for an excellent scientific and research system. Therefore, research policy has an obligation to make the best possible environment for cutting-edge research available to scientists. By their very nature, decisions relating to research infrastructures are long term – they are to shape the research landscape over the next ten to 15 years. In many research fields, Germany is at the top of the international league. These strengths must now be consolidated: not only do they form the framework for the future development of Germany‘s research landscape and the new generation of science professionals, they are the driver for innovative applications.

In 2011, therefore, for the first time, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) initiated an evaluation process for research infrastructure concepts that takes all these aspects into account. Research policy priorities have been assigned on the basis of this pilot process. The results are outlined in the first part of this roadmap. Only those research infrastructures that are currently given priority are included. The second

part of the roadmap presents the research infrastructures whose set-up is currently being funded by BMBF or by their host institutions.

Regular updates of the roadmap are planned on the basis of each new set of results from subsequent evaluation processes; these may also include projects from previous roadmap processes that have not yet been completed.

What are research infrastructures?

For the purposes of this roadmap, research infrastructures are defined as wide-ranging instruments, resources or service facilities for the purpose of research in any scientific field, which stand out due to at least national significance in their particular field of science and to a certain longevity (more than ten years, as a rule).

Distinction is made with respect to smaller infrastructures and facilities in the natural, biological and environmental sciences, engineering and medical science as regards the size of the investment, which should amount to a minimum of 15 million euros. This boundary is waived in other fields of science like the humanities, social sciences and economics.

Essentially, the roadmap process for research infrastructures has two main objectives:

• Preparation and support of strategic research policy decisions at the national level

• Securing funding and financial transparency for planned projects


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Objectives of the roadmap process

At national level, the roadmap process is designed to carry out the groundwork for and offer support in research policy decisions on the allocation of the limited resources available for research infrastructures. All projects in the various scientific fields and irrespective of any potential host organisation are taken into consideration when weighing up the requirement for research infrastructure projects, their respective objectives and quality, along with the costs involved in set-up and operation. A transparent evaluation of the projects, which is equally based on scientific and economic criteria, aims to increase the general acceptance of major research policy decisions at the same time.

In view of the fact that many research infrastructures can only be put into practice on the basis of European or international partnerships, the roadmap

process also serves to prepare and support political decision-making as regards the participation in and funding of European and international research infrastructure projects and to facilitate the selection of projects in which Germany is to assume a leading role.

The evaluation concept

For the first time in a pilot project, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research has divided the evaluation of concepts for research infrastructures into two clearly defined processes: a scientific and an economic evaluation process.

The German Council of Science and Humanities was responsible for the scientifically supported evaluation of the research infrastructure concepts; a commission made up of members of the Council together with external, predominantly international scientific experts was specifically formed for this task.

Guide for the RI evaluation (German Council of Science and

Humanities and RI Office c/o VDI/VDE Innovation +

Technik GmbH)

RI concepts submitted for evaluation

Scientifically supported Cost estimate (German Council of Science and (RI Office c/o VDI/ VDE

Humanities) Innovation +Technik GmbH) Research policy and social evaluation

(Federal Ministry of Education and Research)

Roadmap for research infrastructures

Roadmap process for research infrastructures © VDI/VDE-IT


VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH was commissioned to carry out the economic evaluation process; the Geschäftsstelle Forschungsinfrastrukturen (GFIS) (Research Infrastructure Office) was set up specifically for this purpose.

Both processes were carried out in close consultation with independent external experts. First of all, procedures were developed for the scientific and economic evaluation of the planned research infrastructures. In this context, an authoritative guide to the preparation of research infrastructure concepts was drawn up as a basis for the evaluation of the projects.

Evaluation dimensions of the scientific process

Scientific potential: Taking into consideration relevant specialised and interdisciplinary aspects, the scientific potential of the planned research infrastructures is assessed in terms of its significance for the future, bearing in mind the current state of research in the respective research fields, and any rival or complementary projects.

Utilisation: The use of research infrastructures is appraised in terms of structure, size and the internationality of the user group. Furthermore, access regulations are reviewed to evaluate the degree of open accessibility for external use and their orientation towards scientific quality.

Feasibility: The evaluation of this dimension includes questions regarding technical feasibility, and the institutional and staffing conditions at the host institution(s).

Significance for Germany as a location of scientific and technological developments: The significance of the planned infrastructure project is assessed, both in the context of Germany‘s standing as a scientific location and in terms of its European and international degree of visibility and attractiveness.

Scientifically supported evaluation process

The scientifically supported evaluation process took place in two consecutive phases, an individual qualitative assessment of each project and a comparative overall assessment: 1. The individual evaluation of each project was carried out in three steps according to the evaluation dimensions: • For each project, a written report was prepared by

three different experts, the vast majority from abroad • The concept was discussed by the scientists in charge

of the research infrastructure project and the external experts

• An individual qualitative evaluation and recommendations on the further development of the research infrastructure concept were drawn up

2. Then followed the comparative overall evaluation of all projects, divided up according to the four dimensions. In each dimension, the concepts were given a classification in one of five quality levels.

Economic evaluation process

External experts from industry and science were involved in the economic evaluation process to the extent that several (up to seven) persons were consulted for each planned research infrastructure project. All concepts submitted for the planned research infrastructures were assessed with regard to the estimated costs. In so doing, a distinction was made between the amount of the investment costs and the operating costs for each research infrastructure.

For each project, the cost estimate was calculated in two steps: • an individual cost estimate by the respective experts • a joint cost estimate by all experts allocated to each

research infrastructure project

No comparison was drawn between the various projects in the course of the economic evaluation process.

5 ROADMAP FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES

New research infrastructures in the pilot phase of the roadmap process


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CTA – Cherenkov Telescope Array

Telescope array (schematic diagram) © G. Pérez, IAC, SMM

Over the past ten years, the exploration of space using high-energy gamma rays by so-called Cherenkov telescopes has opened up a new window on the vast expanses of the universe. The project entails the construction of two Cherenkov telescope arrays, one observatory to monitor the northern hemisphere and one for the southern hemisphere, which will enable the whole sky to be surveyed, thereby providing new, exciting insights and answers to astrophysical processes.

Like its predecessor projects, H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) and MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Ray-Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes), Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a ground-based telescope for gamma rays at the highest energy end. Compared to H.E.S.S. and MAGIC, CTA will achieve an increase in sensitivity and spatial resolution, thus facilitating the investigation of the universe and shedding light on a whole range of fundamental questions, for example, the structure of the centre of our Milky Way, the nature of dark matter, the origin of stars or black holes. CTA is to be set up as a divided research infrastructure by a consortium from 27 countries, with a control centre, a data hub and two observation sites, which will work together to monitor both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Investigation of high energy processes in space

High energy phenomena in the universe, for example exploding stars or processes in the vicinity of black holes, emit particularly high-energy electromagnetic radiation, known as gamma rays. When these gamma rays enter the earth‘s atmosphere, they can trigger a cascade of charged particles in an altitude of approximately ten kilometres, which leads in turn to the emission of faint, bluish flashes lasting mere fractions of a second, known as Cherenkov radiation. This can be observed using special telescopes and extremely rapid camera systems. The data is then converted into images of these "cosmic accelerators", enabling conclusions to be drawn as to gamma ray sources in the universe. To date, very little is known about the exact origin and mechanism that generates high energy cosmic rays.

German research institutes

• Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen • Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg • Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin • Ruhr-Universität Bochum • TU Dortmund University • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

Universität Hamburg • Heidelberg University • University of Potsdam • University of Tübingen • Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg

Time frame

Preparatory phase 2010 – 2013 Set-up phase 2014 – 2018 Operational as of 2018

Further information

www.cta-observatory.org

http://www.cta-observatory.org


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Centre of international expertise for gamma-ray astronomy

For at least the next 10 to 20 years, CTA will be the most important facility for high energy astrophysics. The scientific results expected from CTA will not just substantially increase our understanding of high energy particles in the universe and their acceleration mechanisms, they will also address important questions of fundamental physics research, like the search for dark matter or the effects of quantum gravity – the predicted granular structure of space-time on the smallest scale. Open access to the observatories will allow the infrastructure and the research results to be utilised by all interested parties.

In particular, ground-based gamma-ray astronomy will continue to be developed by means of two established instruments, in which the Max Planck Institutes for Nuclear Physics and Physics are involved as central partners in the H.E.S.S and MAGIC projects. Both institutes and the Helmholtz-Zentrum DESY are contributing their specific expertise to high-speed data acquisition and data processing.

Like in other open observatories, access to CTA will be mainly based on national and international applications for scientific observation, which are reviewed and authorised by independent experts. The candidates are then granted exclusive access rights to the readings for a limited period. After this time, access to the archived data will be opened up to a wider user group for scientific analyses.

BMBF regards CTA as an outstanding research infrastructure with a high degree of innovation potential. CTA attracts the best researchers from around the world and will enhance Germany‘s standing as an extremely attractive location of scientific and technological developments. First and foremost, CTA trains young scientists, thereby playing a major role in combating the shortage of qualified personnel.

Evaluation of CTA

Due to its uniqueness, the scientific significance of CTA is outstanding. The significantly increased detector sensitivity and higher accessible photon energies will improve the understanding of the high-energy processes in the universe. These investigations in an energy range formerly inaccessible with such quality will have an impact on a broad range of current astro- and high-energy physics. CTA crucially complements large-scale telescopes in other spectral ranges currently under construction.

The world-wide community in this specialised field of physics is participating in CTA. It will be the major world observatory in this energy range to study astro- and high-energy physics questions. Operating CTA as an open observatory is a significant improvement over previous practice in groundbased gamma-ray astronomy, presenting significant organizational challenges.

The scientific expertise of the hosting institutions in Germany is of the highest rank allowing them to carry out this project successfully. The CTA consortium has extensive experience in groundbased gamma-ray astrophysics. The already ongoing project CTA is based on well-understood and mature technologies and is ready for implementation after the finalization of the site selection process.

German institutes played a leading role in forerunner projects. Their scientific expertise is globally appreciated and as a result, they are highly attractive sites for the training of the next generation of young scientists. CTA will thus definitely maintain and enhance the attractiveness and visibility of Germany as a location of scientific and technological developments. A timely implementation will secure German leadership in this field.


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EU-OPENSCREEN - Open screening platforms for chemical biology

Structure of a molecule

A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of biological processes is a prerequisite for the development of measures to sustain a healthy ageing population in an intact environment. In the era of genome sequencing, molecular research opens up an immense range of new cellular target structures, which can be used in fundamental biological issues. However, appropriate tools for the systematic investigation of the functions of these targets are often simply not available. A coordinated network of the excellent institutions already established throughout Europe, which combines all the complementary resources and expertise at their disposal to create a synergy, will give rise to a powerful and globally competitive infrastructure that opens up unique new opportunities for research.

Chemical keys to the mysteries of life

Thanks to their unique properties, certain active substances in the group of small organic molecules interact with cellular components according to the lock and key principle, enabling them to modulate the components‘ function. Thus, they constitute excellent tools for the study of cellular processes. In fact, many marketable products such as drugs or pesticides are derived from such molecules. The systematic screening of large, diverse compound collections (>500,000 molecules) using elaborately designed bioassays is a major path to discovering these biologically active substances. However, this path requires enormous outlay in terms of high-tech facilities, investments and experienced personnel, which are beyond the reach of many researchers.

Pan-European library of biological and chemical substances

EU-OPENSCREEN‘s primary mission is to supply new biologically active compounds for use as tools in research and development in all fields of the life sciences. Therefore, the aim is to develop a unique pan-European compound collection to harness common chemistry knowledge and serve the European requirement for information on the structure-activity relationships of their molecules. The systematic screening of the extensive compound collection will enable the collation of comprehensive information on their potential uses and risks for mankind and the environment. A basic prerequisite is the integration of Europe‘s


• Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin

• Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch

• Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig

Time frame

Set-up phase 2014 – 2018 operational as of 2014

Further information

www.eu-openscreen.eu

http://www.eu-openscreen.eu


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leading screening centres, which provide external users with open access to their cutting-edge technologies and resources. This fosters the networking of outstanding local expertise and the integration thereof in research projects, which could not be realised in isolation.

The screening centres will define common operating and data management standards, thereby guaranteeing maximum reliability. Screening results, assay protocols and chemical information are to be compiled in a central database and made available to the general public. The database will be maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI) and linked to other life science databases. The open access principle of EU-OPENSCREEN includes the option of releasing data with a time delay should the user intend to publish it or register a patent. EU-OPENSCREEN is offering its services and partnerships for the development of new technologies to researchers from academia and SMEs.

Open screening platforms in the field of chemical biology

EU-OPENSCREEN builds on the German network ChemBioNet and other existing national networks in 14 countries to synergise Europe’s expertise in the field of chemical biology, and interacts with similar large consortia in the US and Australia. The ability of EUOPENSCREEN to supply compounds that are of interest to all fields of the life sciences is of particular significance for the BMBF. EU-OPENSCREEN‘s results play a part in yielding deeper insight into how these compounds act, in generating comprehensive information on their impact, in terms of both benefits and risks, on mankind and the environment, and in instigating the development of new drugs and other products. With EU-OPENSCREEN, Germany is becoming actively involved in the generation and utilisation of knowledge on chemical and biological compounds and is thus making a key contribution to positioning Germany and Europe at the forefront of health and nutrition research.

Evaluation of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN is crucial for the identification of novel molecules within the life and medical sciences and for the understanding of their effects. The discovery and use of new chemical tools are an indispensable prerequisite for the understanding of biological processes including human diseases.

This research infrastructure will be primarily beneficial to a broad academic community of life scientists. Industry will benefit from new lead compounds and the standardization of assays. The proposed access procedure has a solid base and the quality management is a key strength of this proposal.

EU-OPENSCREEN is a very mature effort which is supposed to integrate the German research infrastructure into the existing European infrastructure landscape. The German partners have gained a lot of experience in this area and will take on the leading role in EU-OPENSCREEN on the European level.

EU-OPENSCREEN will be among the leading open screening facilities in the world and is essential for chemical biology in Germany. It will allow Germany to keep pace internationally in this very important area.


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IAGOS – In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System

Inlet panel for monitoring devices on a Lufthansa aircraft

Our present understanding of the global climate change is fraught with uncertainty as regards the complex implications for the climate system. This applies to how water vapour increases the CO2-induced greenhouse effect, the effect of aerosols on cloud formation and properties, or modified biological cycles, for example. This uncertainty stands in the way of reliable predictions as regards our future climate, particularly at the regional level. IAGOS aims to establish and operate a first-class research infrastructure for highly relevant observations of atmospheric composition on a global scale. The research infrastructure IAGOS is based on autonomous monitoring devices that are installed in a fleet of up to 20 internationally operating passenger aircraft, thereby bridging the gap between satellite-based remote sensing and monitoring stations on the ground.

Long-haul aircraft serve as monitoring stations for the atmosphere

Using aircraft to monitor the atmosphere is currently the best and most cost-effective method of collating detailed information at precisely the altitude at which the natural and man-made greenhouse effect is largely produced. Installing the detection devices in commercial aircraft facilitates parallel and representative in-situ measurements of vertical profiles of numerous trace gases and aerosol particles throughout the entire troposphere.

These profiles are essential in validating numerical models and satellite observations. IAGOS will provide data that is crucial for the research into the atmospheric chemical interaction and its correlation to the climate. These processes are still largely unexplored, therefore IAGOS will fill the gaps in our scientific knowledge and help to shape climate processes, thereby facilitating projections on climate change. Real-time transmission of the measurements will enable weather services and airlines to use this data to improve weather forecasts; this will lead to enhanced crisis management in the event of natural phenomena, e.g. the eruption of a volcano.


• Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research

• Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz • Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena • Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Institute for

Meteorology and Climate Research • German Aerospace Center, Institute of Atmos

pheric Physics • Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research,

Leipzig • Heidelberg University, Institute of Environmental

Physics • Deutsche Lufthansa AG • enviscope GmbH

Time frame

Set-up phase 2014 – 2020 operational as of 2014

Further information

www.iagos.org

http://www.iagos.org


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IAGOS uses two complementary approaches: • IAGOS-CORE: Operation of fully automatic instru

ments on up to 20 long-haul aircraft for the continuous monitoring of the important reactive gases and greenhouse gases (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour) together with dust (aerosol) and cloud particles.

• IAGOS-CARIBIC: Use of a modified air cargo container loaded with instruments to analyse a much larger range of trace elements. The data includes IAGOS-CORE components as well as organic compounds, halogens, all greenhouse gases, mercury, sulphate and aerosol elementary compounds.

The IAGOS infrastructure is designed to be used in atmospheric research and climate research, including training and further education measures. The data is essential for the "Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)" and the "Atmospheric Monitoring Service" programmes. Moreover, the research infrastructure will encourage new technological developments.

A strong network for climate research

The research infrastructure can look back on over 15 years of experience in the projects CARIBIC (www. caribic.de) and MOZAIC (www.mozaic.aero.obs-mip. fr), which have demonstrated the technical feasibility and scientific merit of using commercial aircraft to monitor the atmosphere. The new infrastructure is to run for a period of approximately 20 years in order to compile long-term, in-situ observations in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (UT-LS). IAGOS represents a mainspring for the BMBF with regard to the safeguarding and development of German and European expertise in the sophisticated, in-situ monitoring of the composition of the atmosphere, thereby also leading to a better understanding of climate change. By the same token, IAGOS can play an active role in air safety by supplying readings of ash, mineral dust and ice particles in high cirrus clouds.

Evaluation of IAGOS

IAGOS will foster the development of atmospheric science. The infrastructure is essential for the study of atmospheric chemistry and its changes and it will substantially improve the scientific understanding of some of the most important environmental problems. IAGOS will complement other programmes and fundamentally contribute to a global observational network by providing a unique instruments platform.

AGOS will be used by atmospheric and climate scientists in academia and by public stakeholders world-wide. Data can be accessed free of charge and will serve a broad range of purposes. There is already a large and well established network of users.

The scientific expertise of the hosting institution is of the highest international standard. IAGOS is well-planned and mature. As the project is an organic outgrowth of previous efforts, the technology is essentially all in place and the probability of success is high. It is a cost-effective and proven mechanism.

IAGOS will enhance Germany’s visibility in terms of leadership – in Europe and globally – in this field. Through IAGOS, Germany will play a central role in both the generation and the interpretation of urgently required global atmospheric datasets.

http://www.caribic.de

http://www.caribic.de

http://www.mozaic.aero.obs-mip.fr

http://www.mozaic.aero.obs-mip.fr

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13 ROADMAP FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES

Emerging research infrastructures


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BERLinPro* – Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project

* Forschungsinfrastruktur der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

BERLin Pro facility (extract)

The Berlin Energy Recovery Linac Project (BERLinPro) is being built at the HZB. Under active development since 2011, the demonstrator will be made up of all parts of a large linear accelerator known as an energy recovery linac (ERL) – in much smaller dimensions than would actually be required for the large-scale facility. The long-term objective is the development of expertise for a next-generation instrument that enables the study of dynamic processes in energy, environmental or health research, and investigation into the structure of matter or the transport system in Germany.

Brilliant next-generation light source

BERLinPro is designed to develop and demonstrate that the principle of a linear accelerator or energy recovery linac can generally be realised. The results thus produced may potentially be applied in creating a large light source based on ERL principle and will then enable a large international research community to take the next steps in finding solutions to the most important issues of our society.

BERLinPro consolidates the advantages of various accelerator concepts The premium light sources available for today‘s research are storage rings - the development of which is currently moving onto the set-up phase of Ultimate Storage Rings (USR) - and freeelectron lasers (FEL).

BERLinPro‘s ERL technology combines the advantages of both light sources: the next-generation source can provide a beam in extremely short, brilliant pulses of light, similar to an FEL and as many photons as an USR on average. For the first time, this would enable the structure of matter to be examined first, and then – without having to move or destroy the sample – dynamic analyses to be carried out at exactly the same place. An ERL-based light source would be extremely flexible and could be rapidly adapted to meet the various requirements of experiments in a wide range of fields. Like the currently successful operation of storage rings, a major advantage of the ERL light source is the large number of measuring stations it would provide for numerous research groups. In view of the limited availability of

measuring stations with existing synchrotron light sources and the high investment costs of such large-scale facilities, the number of potential users is an important aspect.


• Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin • Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchroton DESY, Zeuthen

Time frame

Set-up phase 2011 – 2018

Further information

www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/grossgeraete/ beschleunigerphysik/berlinpro/index_de.html

www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/grossgeraete/beschleunigerphysik/berlinpro/index_de.html


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CESSDA– Council of European Social Science Data Archives

Social science data archives (model)

Archiving social science data optimally and ensuring access for researchers across national borders represents a major challenge. In order to safeguard data that is collected today for future use, it is crucial to develop a data management plan from an early stage. The Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) assists in the plan of archiving and sharing data by encouraging researchers and data publishers to publish their datasets in the CESSDA Catalogue.

A gateway to social science data

CESSDA is an umbrella organisation for social science data archives across Europe. The members work together to archive social science data and improve access to this data for researchers and students.

The CESSDA Catalogue enables users to store datasets, as well as questions or variables within datasets, in CESSDA archives throughout Europe. Data collections include sociological surveys, election studies, longitudinal studies, opinion polls and census data. Among the materials are international and European data such as the European Social Survey, the Eurobarometer and the International Social Survey Programme.

Approximately 25,000 data collections are currently available. A further 1,000 data collections are acquired each year. Every year, CESSDA handles over 30,000 enquiries from social science and humanities researchers and students in Europe. CESSDA research and development projects and Expert Seminars enhance the exchange of data and technologies among data organisations.


• GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences

Time frame & costs

Operational as of 2015

Further information

www.cessda.org/about

http://www.cessda.org/about


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CLARIN – a web and centres-based research infrastructure for the social sciences and humanities

DWDS Digital German dictionary

CLARIN-Deutschland (CLARIN-D) is a network of service centres for scientists of the humanities and the social sciences. The main function of the CLARIN-D service centres is to provide data resources and tools that are relevant to and necessary for various specialist disciplines in an integrated, interoperable and scalable infrastructure. This basis facilitates the pursuit of completely new issues, leading to greater scientific understanding.

Language as a tool

The CLARIN-D infrastructure will lead to a sustainable improvement in research conditions in the humanities, social sciences and cultural studies. In the nine service centres of the infrastructure: • large quantities of relevant text and multimedia

language resources are maintained and published on the Internet for research purposes (local, national, European levels);

• web-based software tools and technologies are provided for the purpose of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration, to structure and handle the multitude of data available in electronic form;

• by archiving speech data, linguistic and cultural changes are recorded for future generations.

The text corpora, lexical resources and analysis tools are aimed at a wide spectrum of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences as well as the related disciplines of information and computer science. Thus, the demand for linguistic resources and tools goes beyond the fields of philology and linguistics. Participating in the CLARIN-D project are institutions with particular linguistic competence, who cooperate with specially established working groups from various fields of the humanities and social sciences and computing centres. The infrastructure is embedded in CLARIN ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium); with its nine service centres, it represents the largest national network of all members of CLARIN ERIC. CLARIN-D thus plays a key role in developing the CLARIN infrastructure at European level.


• Bavarian Archive for Speech Signals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich

• Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities

• Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim • University of Tübingen • Universität Hamburg • Leipzig University • Saarland University • University of Stuttgart • Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics,

Nijmegen (The Netherlands)

Time frame

Set-up phase 2012 – 2017 Operational as of 2018

Further information

www.clarin-d.de

http://www.clarin-d.de


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DARIAH – Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities

Software layout geobrowser

DARIAH-Deutschland (DARIAH-DE) supports scientists from the arts and humanities who work with digital resources and methods in their research and teaching activities. To this end, a digital research infrastructure for tools and research data is being established and materials for teaching and further training in the field of Digital Humanities (DH) developed. In an increasingly digital research environment, the research infrastructure enables scientific experts to liaise as an interdisciplinary, collaborative, sustainable and inter-institutional research community.

Digital Humanities research network

The grand vision for DARIAH-DE is to facilitate the interoperability, long-term access to and use of tools and research data in the Digital Humanities. Further aims are to support the planning of humanities research projects in a digital environment and to incorporate the proficient use of digital resources, concept and methods of the Digital Humanities into the teaching and further education of humanities scholars. Moreover, the project aims to raise awareness of relevant research methods and processes using digital services and tools. Research data plays a key role in the whole research process, from the search and compilation, analysis and processing, right through to its publication and subsequent use by the whole research community. Complete confidence and unrestricted access to such research data and results are prerequisites for this process.

DARIAH-DE is Germany‘s national contribution to DARIAH-EU, a pan-European network of Virtual Competency Centres (VCC). Each VCC focuses on a specific area of expertise and is cross-disciplinary, multi-institutional and international.


• Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities

• DAASI International • German Archaeological Institute • Technische Universität Darmstadt • University of Paderborn, University of Applied

Sciences, Detmold • Göttingen Centre for Digital Humanities • Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbei

tung mbH Göttingen • University of Cologne • Leibniz Institute of • European History Mainz • Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology • University of Bamberg • Max Planck Society, Max Planck Digital Library • Max Planck Society, Rechenzentrum Garching • The Steinheim Institute • Göttingen State and University Library (consortium

management) • Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg

Time frame


Further information

www.dariah.eu

http://www.dariah.eu


18

ECRIN – European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network

Multinational clinical trials

The European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network (ECRIN) was founded in 2004 to provide sustainable support in the implementation of science-initiated, multinational clinical trials in Europe. ECRIN is based on the concept of a research infrastructure distributed all over Europe. The network supports the coordination of services for multinational studies, facilitating the necessary exchange of knowledge and enabling effective communication processes.

Multinational standards for clinical trials

Differently structured health care systems and varying regulatory procedures in the EU member states place extremely high demands on the planning and execution of multinational clinical trials, particularly those that are science-initiated. The network of European Correspondents in the ECRIN partner institutions ensure that multinational trials are carried out by service providers with many years of experience, high quality standards and a broad spectrum of services for the entire field of clinical research. Core services include the monitoring of clinical trials, data management and the observation and reporting of adverse reactions. The Scientific Board assesses all protocols that are submitted. ECRIN has undertaken to uphold high levels of transparency and the benefit of clinical research for public health in Europe. This commitment is passed on to the participants in trials coordinated by ECRIN.

The ECRIN infrastructure is examined and evaluated on a regular basis. Moreover, a catalogue of requirements and a certification process for ECRIN data centres have been developed to ensure that data management in ECRIN trials is in full compliance with stringent GCP requirements. Regular audits ensure the quality of the academic service providers in the ECRIN network. The ECRIN integrated activity (ECRINIA) project supports the expansion process of ECRIN. ECRIN-IA develops and implements capacity building measures with the objective of expanding the circle of ECRIN member states and introducing structures for worldwide partnerships. Furthermore, European networks are being established for clinical research in the fields of rare diseases, medical devices and nutrition. Other priorities of ECRIN-IA include the further

development and evaluation of tools for risk-adapted monitoring in clinical trials and the provision of a professional, state-of-the-art and efficient Clinical Data Management Tool for multinational academic clinical trials in the ECRIN member states.


• Network of the Coordinating Centres for Clinical Trials (www.kks-netzwerk.de) with 18 members at 17 university hospitals

Time frame


Further information

www.ecrin.org

http://www.kks-netzwerk.de

http://www.ecrin.org


19

E-ELT – European Extremely Large Telescope

Model representation of the telescopes,© ESO

From time immemorial, the search for answers to the most pressing unsolved questions in astrophysics has been furthered by the development of larger telescopes and more powerful instruments. The European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) and its innovative instrumentation will enable decisive advances in key issues of today‘s astrophysics.

Europe‘s window onto the universe

By virtue of its innovative instrumentation, the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) is set to facilitate giant leaps in key areas of astrophysics. The most important discoveries are anticipated in the fields of cosmology and the exploration of planets outside our solar system (extra-solar planets). To date, these fields are still researching the unsolved questions on the structure and make-up of the universe, the nature of dark energy that is causing the accelerated expansion of the universe or the origins of our solar system, and thus also of the Earth. The E-ELT is also writing a new chapter in research into the existence of Earthlike exo-planets and whether the conditions there are conducive to life.

With its primary mirror measuring 40 metres in diameter, E-ELT will be easily the largest optical telescope in the world. The baseline site is planned at over 3000 metres above sea level on the Cerro Armazones mountain in the north Chilean region of Antofagasta, and will be primarily designed for observations in the optical/near-infrared range. Furthermore, the E-ELT enables key scientific synergy with other major space missions like the James Webb Space Telescope or ESA‘s astrometric satellite GAIA.

Time frame


Further information

www.eso.org/public/germany

http://www.eso.org/public/germany


20

ELI – The Extreme Light Infrastructure

Model representation of the ELI Nuclear Physics facility, © ELI-NP

With facilities in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania, the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project plans to establish the currently most powerful laser facility in the world, with an ultra-high intensity of 200 petawatts. The areas of application for these new lasers include medical display systems and diagnostics, radiotherapy, the development and testing of new materials, state-ofthe-art X-ray optics etc. Moreover, ELI serves as a central platform for educating a new generation in this field.

Unprecedented laser power enables undreamed-of possibilities

ELI will be a new infrastructure devoted to scientific research in the investigation and applications of lasermatter interaction at the highest intensity level, in other words the ultra-relativistic regime. The aim is to produce new states of matter in dense plasmas or create secondary sources of high energy photons or particles by generating ultra-intensive and ultra-short pulses of high-energy particles. This makes it possible to obtain higher levels of contrast in imaging methods and achieve an enhanced temporal resolution for the understanding of fundamental dynamic processes in atoms or biological cells.

The ELI Beamlines facility in the Czech Republic is currently developing a new generation of secondary sources, which will make ultra-fast, high-energy charged particles with energy of up to 10 GeV available for interdisciplinary applications in physics, medicine, biology and material sciences. The ELI Attosecond facility in Hungary is focusing on the utilisation of ultra-short laser pulses for investigations in the fields of physics and applied sciences, for example electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and plasmas, as well as in solids, at attosecond scale. The ELI Nuclear Physics Facility in Romania is exploring the interaction between laser light and an intense gamma-ray source with atomic nuclei, thereby opening up a completely new field of fundamental physics.

The decision as regards the location of the highest intensity facility is still pending. Moreover, ELI will influence other technical developments, like the distribution of diode-pumped high-power lasers, the utilisation of new technologies for imaging methods or the development of compact, laser-powered particle accelerators.


• Friedrich Schiller University of Jena • GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung,

Darmstadt • Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich • Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and

Short Pulse Spectroscopy im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V.

Time frame

Set-up phase 2011–2015 operational as of 2016

Further information

www.extreme-light-infrastructure.eu

http://www.extreme-light-infrastructure.eu


21

ESSsocial – Survey on Society and Democracy in Europe

Survey on Society and Democracy in Europe

What are the individual perceptions of the German people as regards democracy and society in their home country and in the European Union? The European Social Survey investigates this and other questions on the shift in attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of Europe‘s diverse populations. The project consists of representative population surveys in all participating EU countries. The survey uses a standardised questionnaire on a variety of issues pertaining to political and social interaction, supplemented with country-specific questions and rotating modules. The individual country surveys are carried out in accordance with high methodological standards of empirical survey research.

European survey research

The political institutions of the European Community and the individual countries are facing new challenges and changes in the 21st century. The most important, long-term objective of the European Social Survey (ESS) is to chart and explain the interaction between Europe‘s changing political and economic institutions and the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of the diverse populations of the respective countries. Each round of the survey, which takes place every two years, covers a range of topics that tap into contemporary key issues.

In September 2012, the sixth round of the European Social Survey started in Germany under the heading "Society and Democracy in Europe". Throughout Germany, 3000 randomly selected citizens aged 15 and above were questioned on their opinions on politics, society and living conditions. The survey, carried out by the infas Institute for Applied Social Sciences, is focusing on "Personal and social well-being" and the "European understanding of democracy and its development". Among other issues, the latter addresses citizens‘ expectations of a democratic government and the evaluation of democracy in the home country of the respondents.


• Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz • Bielefeld University • University of Mannheim • University of Stuttgart • GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences

Time frame


Further information

www.europeansocialsurvey.de

http://www.europeansocialsurvey.de


22

ESS – The European Spallation Source

The European Spallation Source, Lund/Sweden (model)

Neutrons provide unique insight into central scientific issues; they open up new opportunities for research in a large number of scientific fields like physics, chemistry, crystallography, energy research, materials sciences, Earth sciences, engineering, biology and even disciplines like archaeology and art history by enabling greater understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter, without fear of damage.

Source to probe the inner structure

In today‘s world, the understanding and application of increasingly complex and individualised materials is of inestimable social and economic importance. In order to comprehend the properties of these materials, develop innovative materials and utilise them optimally, it is of crucial importance to be able to analyse and understand the structural and dynamic information of material at an atomic level.

Neutron scattering is the only technique that can probe structures from micrometres to one-hundredthousandth of a micrometre, and movements on a time scale from one millisecond to ten-million-millionths of a millisecond. Due to be completed in 2019 in Lund, Sweden, the research infrastructure European Spallation Source (ESS) will represent a new technical milestone as the world‘s most powerful facility in neutron research. As competence centres in neutron research and the construction of accelerator facilities, a total of seven German research centres are taking active part in the current "Design Update" phase of ESS. In this project, the original plans for the construction and operation of ESS are compared and brought into line with the latest developments in the most important neutron research centres around the world. This updating process is the baseline for the subsequent construction of the facility.

The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) is providing funding of approximately €15 million to the joint German research project, which will contribute to the Design Update phase as part of the pan-European project. The project partners are contributing an additional €6 million of their own resources. The ESS programme is currently in the Prepare to Build phase, which will lead on seamlessly to the Construction Phase. The findings of the joint German

research project will be integrated into the next project phase. Sweden and Denmark are the two host nations of the ESS project. The ESS facility will be built in Lund, whilst the ESS Data Management and Software Centre will be located in Copenhagen.


• Forschungszentrum Jülich • Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin • Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht

(Centre for Materials and Coastal Research) • Technische Universität München • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen • Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

Time frame

Set-up phase through to completion by 2015 Operational as of 2019

Further information

www.ess-scandinavia.eu

http://www.ess-scandinavia.eu


23

FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Aerial photograph of the FAIR facility (model), © ion42

Based in Darmstadt, the international particle accelerator, FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH, is set to become one of the largest nuclear and particle physics research facilities in the world. The facility is being constructed adjacent to the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. FAIR will enable scientists from around the world to investigate in Germany the fundamental complex properties of matter and its various manifestations. This includes research into the evolution of the universe since the big bang. Not only will FAIR be a global centre for fundamental research, it will also facilitate the development of new therapies or materials.

Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

These objectives will require a completely new particle accelerator complex to produce high-energy and highintensity antimatter beams of antiprotons and phasespace compressed secondary beams of extremely rare ions. The research infrastructure FAIR aims to provide both beams in unprecedented quality.

FAIR is to be built in Darmstadt, in the state of Hesse, as a joint effort involving Germany and nine partner countries from the international scientific community. Moreover, FAIR will serve as pre-accelerator for the accelerators of the neighbouring GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung.

FAIR has a wide range of scientific objectives: in the fields of strong force physics (nuclear structure, hadrons and particles) and fundamental nuclear physics, cooled beams of antimatter and instable ions are enabling researchers to enter uncharted scientific territory. These types of ion beams will also pave the way for important experiments in the fields of nuclear astrophysics and astroparticle physics. High-energy beams of stabile ions will continue to be used in investigating the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at extremely high baryon density as well as plasmas under extreme conditions of pressure, density and temperature. The ion beams may also be deployed in testing materials for use in space research. Furthermore, FAIR will lead to new fundamental insights in biology and applied nuclear medicine. Approximately 100 German universities and research institutes are participating in the FAIR project. The 20-hectare FAIR construction site

is currently being prepared so that building can begin on the 1.1 kilometre accelerator ring tunnel and the complex in 2013. The 24 buildings and tunnel sections will provide 62,000 square metres of usable space and sufficient room for a total of 3.5 kilometres of beam control tubes as well as huge detectors and a complex technical infrastructure. From 2018, more than 3,000 scientists from over 50 countries will be able to carry out experiments at FAIR.


• GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung • Forschungszentrum Jülich

Time frame


Further information

www.fair-center.de

http://www.fair-center.de


24

FLASH II* – Free-Electron Lasers in Hamburg


Extension of the FLASH facility with a second tunnel section and experimental hall (model), © DESY, Hamburg

X-ray lasers in which the X-rays are produced using free electrons enable completely new insights into structures on the nanoscale. Ultra-short X-ray flashes of unprecedented intensity facilitate the observation of individual molecules, atoms and clusters, which will lead to important discoveries in the development of new materials.

Real-time study of atomic processes

Free-electron lasers are built and operated by large research centres around the world. The necessary expertise is the product of long and demanding development and research processes, which are discussed and reviewed by the international research community on an ongoing basis. Germany plays a pioneering role in the field of FEL: in 2005, the world‘s first FEL laser in the low-energy, ultraviolet regions was commissioned at DESY in Hamburg, thereby opening up completely new applications in physics, biology, chemistry and the material sciences to research dynamic processes on the atomic scale.

The laser does not merely enable the high-precision study of the atomic and electronic structure of matter; thanks to the ultra-short FEL pulses, even atomic processes like chemical reactions can be observed in real time. This has substantial advantages, both in studies of magnetic systems for new storage media and for the investigation into the function of the largest biomolecules.

A major extension of the FLASH II facility is planned with a second tunnel section, a second FEL and an experimental hall housing six experiment stations. Both FELs may be operated in parallel, with largely independently tunable wavelengths. This will more than double the user capacity of FLASH and satisfy the enormous international demand. Sophisticated experiments, selected according to quality criteria, will lead to new discoveries, and thereby to further advances in basic and applied research.

FLASH II is embedded in the EUROFEL collaboration, which establishes standards and is responsible for quality assurance, while profiting from the collaboration with other centres like the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland or the HZB. The international cooperation also applies to the complex instrumentation required for

FEL experimentation and whose potential is constantly being expanded. FLASH II represents a significant technical development, which safeguards expertise in key technologies for Germany.


• Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen • Helmholtz Institute Jena • Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB)

Time frame

Construction phase 2011 – summer 2013 Operational as of 2014

Further information

www.flash2.desy.de

http://www.flash2.desy.de


25

New research vessel Polarstern

Research vessel Polarstern (predecessor)

The reconstructed Polarstern is a multi-functional research and supply ship specially designed for deployment in all marine research fields in open water, particularly in the polar seas. Not only does the ship function as a research platform, offering residential and work facilities for the team of scientists, she also serves as a supply ship for research stations in the Antarctic. The new Polarstern provides a highly diverse range of basic equipment, while taking into account the rapid development of marine research technology.

Newbuilding of a research icebreaker

Since the launch of the Polarstern thirty years ago, the demand for ship time in the Arctic and Antarctic has been steadily increasing in order to carry out further research in the polar regions, which are severely affected by the climate change. Her reliability and flexibility as a floating research platform in both open water and ice have earned the current Polarstern a high standing at international level. The new research vessel aims to uphold this reputation from 2018 onwards.

The reconstructed Polarstern is a multi-functional research ship specially designed for deployment in all marine research fields in open water and the icecovered polar seas. The prerequisite for this operation is the vessel‘s icebreaking capability. The integral and unique features of the new research vessel include the supply of Antarctic research stations and the support of land-based research activities.

Its objective is to enable optimum research facilities on board, even in challenging environmental conditions. To this end, in addition to permanent laboratories and laboratory containers, the ship is being designed with modular equipment options, for example, the research area can be used in a flexible way to stow research and freight containers.

In future, the overall trend will be towards fully equipped research containers that can be set up on land and then transported quickly and easily on board, where they are then connected. This would increase the available research area on purely research expeditions or, alternately, extend the ship‘s freight capacity on supply voyages. Plans are in place to expand the overall laboratory area from approximately 1100

square metres on the current Polarstern to 1800 square metres.

The new Polarstern research vessel aims to be energy-efficient, economical, environmentally friendly, reliable, vibration-free, low-noise and with advanced hydroacoustics, which will be able to meet every scientific requirement over the next thirty years.


• Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

Time frame


Further information

www.awi.de/de/infrastruktur/schiffe/polarstern

http://www.awi.de/de/infrastruktur/schiffe/polarstern


26

New research vessel Poseidon

Research vessel POSEIDON (predecessor)

GEOMAR‘s current research vessel Poseidon was first commissioned back in 1977 and is thus one of Germany‘s oldest research vessels. Over the last twenty years, the ship has been modernised on an ongoing basis. On the basis of its weakened ship structure and part of its technical equipment, Germanischer Lloyd will only grant the vessel the required certification until 2017 at the latest. After this time, it will no longer be able to serve as a research vessel. Accordingly, a replacement oceanic research vessel is being planned, which aims to fill the gap between the existing global research vessels and their regional counterparts.

Multidisciplinary research vessel for the Northern Atlantic

Like its predecessor, the new research vessel will serve as a residential working and research platform for the marine sciences and related disciplines. Therefore, the ship is to be equipped with general facilities as a multidisciplinary research vessel in order to offer optimum working conditions to as many scientific disciplines as possible.

The new Poseidon will be deployed in the Northern Atlantic, from the equator right through to the Arctic ice margin, and its marginal seas: the North Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Red Sea.

The goal is to build a deep-sea research vessel that is able to meet all the ecological, economic and scientific requirements of the next 20 to 30 years. An innovative technical "Green-Ship" strategy is being pursued for the new research vessel, particularly with regard to energy efficiency and environmental protection: accordingly, this "Clean Ship" approach stipulates that a research vessel keep contamination of the surrounding air and water to a minimum for 48 hours as a matter of course.


• GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel

Time frame

Set-up phase until 2017 Operational as of 2017

Further information

www.geomar.de

http://www.geomar.de


27

New research vessel Sonne

New multidisciplinary research vessel Sonne

Operated by the shipping association RF Forschungsschiffahrt GmbH Bremen, the current research vessel Sonne was built in 1969 as a commercial stern trawler, before being converted into a research vessel in 1977. It was lengthened and modernised in 1991. Since then, the present Sonne has primarily been deployed for research projects in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. Both oceans have a huge impact on the world‘s climate. The ship‘s basic structure requires an overhaul. Together with the coastal Länder Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and Bremen, the decision was taken in 2008 to build the Sonne successor.

Deep-sea exploration for fundamental research

Deep-sea research has been a decisive factor in advancing our understanding of geodynamics and geological risks like marine earthquakes and tsunamis. For the German marine research community, the new multidisciplinary research vessel will play a part in providing answers to central scientific, social and ecological issues of deep-sea research. The ship will serve as a residential working and research platform for all marine sciences and related disciplines. The scientific fields include physical and biological oceanography, marine geology, marine and air chemistry, marine geophysics and meteorology.

The new Sonne project comprises the formulation, planning, coordination and newbuild management of the scientific and technical requirements of the Sonne successor. This applies to the different phases from the management and review of the shipyard‘s scheduling, monitoring the newbuilding, right through to checking that any necessary warranty jobs have been carried out following delivery of the ship. The new research vessel will be energy-efficient and therefore particularly environmentally friendly.

The final construction of the ship is currently being prepared in a joint project with the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW) in Hamburg, the Meyer Werft shipyard, Papenburg and the shipping association RF Forschungsschiffahrt in Bremen as consortium partners. The completion of the newbuilding and the first scientific sea trials are scheduled for summer 2014. The new Sonne is to be handed over to the scientific community in Wilhelmshaven at the beginning of 2015.


• GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel

Time frame

Set-up phase until 2014 Operational as of 2015

Further information

www.bgr.de/fs_sonne

http://www.bgr.de/fs_sonne


28

GCS – Gauss Centre for Supercomputing

Supercomputer

Computer simulations are an important research and development tool. Today, many top-quality products in the automotive or aviation industries, but also in the fields of environmental technology and energy management, bioengineering and medical engineering are developed using computer simulation. Virtual laboratories and test facilities have significantly enhanced the working methods and possibilities available to researchers and engineers. The main mission of the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) is the advancement of scientific supercomputing and the provision of cutting-edge supercomputing power for computational science and engineering in Germany and Europe. The GCS has assumed a leading role in European High Performance Computing (HPC), which represents a key technology and important factor for Germany as a location of scientific and technological developments.

The goal of GCS is the uninterrupted provision of a state-of-the-art supercomputing environment with complementary system architectures for the sustainable supply of computational science and engineering in Germany. In the process, both science and research also benefit from the acquisition of new technological understanding and experience. Another major focus for GCS is to offer world-class methodical user support, training and the propagation of best practices in scientific simulation. To this end, implemented computer architectures and their performance data will be adapted in line with the specific requirements of the different user communities to ensure optimal support to scientists in a range of disciplines, like materials science, physics, climatology, computational biology and engineering.

Access to the system resources of the three GCS supercomputing centres is freely available to all scientific and industrial research activities. Interested parties from Germany and Europe may submit an application for computing time on the GCS supercomputing system via regular public calls for project descriptions. The quality of the projects and their long-term significance for society and science are peer-reviewed by a committee of independent, highly qualified scientific experts. Based on this assessment, the applicants are allocated computing time on the GCS supercomputers.

With GCS as a recognised provider of supercomputing system environments and a leading training authority, Germany has taken on a major role in the European high-performance computing ecosystem.


• High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart • Jülich Supercomputing Centre of the Forschungs

zentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich • Leibniz-Rechenzentrum of the Bavarian Academy

of Sciences and Humanities, Garching

Time frame

Set-up and operation 2008 – 2017

Further information

www.gauss-centre.eu

http://www.gauss-centre.eu


29

ICOS – Integrated Carbon Observation System

Observation networks: atmosphere, ecosystem and ocean

Global climate change is one of the biggest challenges currently facing mankind. It is primarily caused by the increased emission of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Therefore, long-term, precise measurement of greenhouse gases, resulting in data that is internationally comparable, is key to improving our knowledge of the complex interaction of the earth system, comprising the atmosphere, the terrestrial ecosystems and the oceans.

Data network to monitor greenhouse gases

ICOS is a European research infrastructure, which provides continuous, high-quality, standardised data on the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. ICOS consists of three observation networks – atmosphere, ecosystem and ocean – spread over Europe, the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic. In addition, central institutes in the participating countries are responsible for processing the data and transmitting it to the scientific community and the general public. In Germany, these institutes are the laboratories specialising in the high-precision analysis of trace gases, the provision of calibration standards for the observation networks and analysis of the radioactive carbon isotope C14 in air samples.

At ICOS, the fundamental research will take place in the three observation networks: in the atmospheric network, an increasingly dense pan-European network of stations will register even the smallest changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases, thereby compiling a three-dimensional model of the sources and sinks.The ecosystem network records the exchange processes with the atmosphere at representative locations.This will also facilitate sectoral analyses, meaning that sources which have been imprecisely detected to date, in agriculture for example, may now be established with greater accuracy. Germany is contributing three shipping lines and two observatories to the marine network.The data thus compiled is run through several stages of quality assurance and integration before being made available to every potential user.

Its ability to break down and identify the slow processes and trends in the earth system within the bounds of natural variability means that ICOS is of vital importance for the earth sciences. ICOS will provide a precise database as a basis for climate policy decision-making and an early warning system.


• Von Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig

• Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

• Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg • Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich • GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel • University of Göttingen • Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig • Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied

Sciences • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology • Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warne

münde • Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena • Heidelberg University • TU Dresden

Time frame


Further information

www.icos-infrastructure.eu

http://www.icos-infrastructure.eu

30 ROADMAP FÜR FORSCHUNGSINFRASTRUKTUREN

Infrafrontier – Systemic phenotyping, archiving and distribution of mouse models

Mouse model for clinical research, © Bernd Müller

Among the major challenges facing society today is the rising incidence of diseases that can be attributed to our changing lifestyles and the increased life expectancy of the population. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in their development, as in the case of diabetes mellitus, for example. Understanding the complex effects of genetic changes and how they interact with the environment presupposes a comprehensive approach that is based on the organism as a whole. The mouse clinics of the pan-European research infrastructure Infrafrontier have adopted this systemic strategy.

Mouse models for research into complex diseases

Using state-of-the-art technologies, Infrafrontier carries out extensive studies on mouse models for human diseases in all relevant organ systems and disease areas. Since 99% of the coding genes present in man are also present in the mouse, this strategy provides important insights into the functional causes of human diseases, revealing the role of genes, the environment and lifestyle, and developing new therapeutic approaches.

By establishing and increasing capacities, Infrafrontier guarantees the urgently required accessibility of the European mouse clinics for the biomedical research community. In the context of the Infrafrontier project, the existing capacities of the European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA) will be upgraded to ensure the availability of mouse models, a central scientific tool, for the whole research community. The EMMA archive and the German Mouse Clinic (GMC), upon which, as the first mouse clinic worldwide, all other such facilities were modelled, are managed and coordinated by the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich. Infrafrontier provides transnational access to the comprehensive functional and molecular characterisation (systemic phenotyping) of mouse lines in mouse clinics and, by virtue of the EMMA archive, offers the archiving of mouse lines and their distribution to interested researchers. Regular training sessions aimed at interested scientists foster the transfer of knowledge in the biomedical research community. One of the primary goals of Infrafrontier is to establish a standardised point of access to all scientific platforms and services offered by the research infrastructure. A pan-European capacity and risk

management, an extended training programme and common quality standards and operating procedures in all participating facilities will form the basis for this access.


• Helmholtz Zentrum Munich • Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research,

Braunschweig

Time frame


Further information

www.infrafrontier.eu

http://www.infrafrontier.eu


31

IPL – In Vivo Pathophysiology Laboratory*


In Vivo Pathophysiology Laboratory

Scientists at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in Berlin are carrying out genetic research to study the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurological disorders in order to open up new approaches to diagnosis and therapy. Experiments with animals are a prerequisite in order to understand the complexities involved. It is planned to equip the In Vivo Pathophysiology Laboratory (IPL) with state-ofthe-art infrastructure that will facilitate the holding, examination and observation of the laboratory animals under one roof.

State-of-the art infrastructure for long-term observation

MDC carries out research into the underlying molecular causes for human diseases like high blood pressure, metabolic diseases, hereditary cardiac enlargement, cancer and neuro-degenerative disorders to identify the point of origin, in the genes. MDC‘s mission is to discover new approaches to diagnosis and therapy. Animal models in which individual genes can be modified by means of genetic manipulation are a prerequisite in understanding how these genes function in the diseased organism. For the most part, scientists at the centre work with mammals like mice, rats and naked mole rats, but also with zebra fish.

The planned IPL will be equipped with state-of-the-art technology and infrastructure to enable comprehensive analysis of the behaviour, physiology and pathophysiology of the laboratory animals under one roof and over long periods of time. Consequently, the facilities where the animals are held and where research is carried out are located in close proximity. This means that the same information can be obtained with fewer animals than in the past, as it is no longer necessary to distribute several animal models among different laboratories in Germany and abroad. At IPL, special care is taken in deploying cutting-edge, non-invasive experiment methods. These include imaging processes like ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The IPL project provides for the construction of the pathophysiology laboratory with laboratories, auxiliary

facilities, animal holding facilities, engineering rooms and office space. Building of the new laboratory is scheduled to begin in 2014, with completion in 2016.


• Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch

Time frame

Planning and set-up phase 2012 – 2016

Further information

www.mdc-berlin.de

http://www.mdc-berlin.de


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High-performance climate computer HLRE 3

High-performance computers at the German Climate Computing Center

Using computer simulation, the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) can reproduce important processes und reciprocal effects of the climate in order to research the past, present and future climate system. As a specialised supercomputer centre, DKRZ is an indispensable service facility for the German climate research community.

High-performance computing for climate research

The DKRZ provides supercomputers and data storage systems that are optimised for the application profile of climate and earth system research. Furthermore, it offers users a range of services to facilitate research with highly complex computer simulations. The most sophisticated simulation projects currently include the consortium simulations, which are carried out approximately every five years for the Assessment Reports on climate change published by the IPCC. The results of these simulations are then made freely available to the entire research community.

The DKRZ runs one of the largest and most powerful data archives in the world. The seven automated tape libraries with more than 67,000 slots for magnetic tape cassettes offer users more than 100 PetaByte total capacity. The acquisition of a new high-performance computer system (HLRE3), with an increase in performance of at least a factor of 20 compared to HLRE2, will consolidate DKRZ‘s leading role as World Data Center for Climate.

HLRE2, currently in operation, and the data archive are also connected to a visualisation system that permits a complex representation of the computation results. Moreover, the DKRZ sees its role as a comprehensive service provider with the technical infrastructure needed for processing and visualising climate data.

The entire computing time and data capacity of the DKRZ are evenly distributed among two groups: 50 percent of the resources belong to DKRZ shareholders. The remaining resources are open to all research groups working in the field of climate and earth system modelling. The allocation of computing time is carried out by a scientific steering committee.


• Max Planck Society • Universität Hamburg • Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (Centre for

Materials and Coastal Research) •

Time frame


Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

Further information

www.dkrz.de

http://www.dkrz.de


33

The National Cohort – nationwide, long-term epidemiological study

Biobank for cohort study (model) Kienbaum Management Consultants GmbH, Carpus & Partner AG

In addition to stress or environmental conditions, certain lifestyle factors like smoking, diet or physical activity can play a role in the development of chronic diseases. There are numerous unanswered questions regarding the impact and significance of these risk factors; finding answers to these questions is a prerequisite in understanding the risks and for enhanced disease prevention. As part of the National Cohort, a long-term population study for the early detection of diseases, approximately 200,000 subjects aged between 20 and 69 will be medically examined at 18 locations across Germany over a period of ten years.

More effective prevention and treatment strategies for the most widespread diseases

The National Cohort has four principal objectives: • The identification of causal correlations of genetic,

lifestyle and environmental factors with chronic diseases

• The identification of new risk factors and support of investigation into existing geographical and socioeconomic variations in relation to health status and the risk of disease in Germany

• The development of risk assessment models for chronic diseases and the signposting of effective prevention options (personalised prevention strategies)

• The identification of markers for the early detection of chronic diseases.

To this end, men and women from across Germany are examined medically and questioned on their lifestyle. In addition, approximately 20 million blood samples are to be taken and stored in a central biobank for later research projects. After five years, all participants will be invited to undergo another examination and complete a second questionnaire. In the course of the observation over a period of 10–20 years, certain diseases are bound to develop, which can then be correlated with the data collected. The study thus offers unique potential for a wide range of scientific investigations into the interaction of genetic factors, environmental conditions, social milieu and lifestyle in the development of disease. These findings will facilitate the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies for the most widespread diseases.


• Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine

• German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, BIPS – Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine

• Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Essen University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Kiel University, Leipzig University, Heidelberg University, University of Münster, University Medicine Greifswald, Universität Regensburg

• Epidemiologisches Krebsregister Saarland • Robert Koch Institute Berlin

Time frame

Main phase as of 2013

Further information

www.nationale-kohorte.de

http://www.nationale-kohorte.de


34

SHARE – Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

Survey of the ageing populations in Europe

How does the ageing process unfold in the populations of the European Union? Finding an answer to this question is the goal of the pan-European Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a representative survey of approximately 30,000 citizens aged 50 or over, which is carried out every two years in the majority of the European Union member states.

The survey records changes in the situation of elderly people in Europe, taking economic, social and health aspects into consideration. In this way, data is continuously collated on how life events in the ageing process, e.g. retirement or widowhood, are overcome or what impact changes in the general institutional conditions, e.g. health care or pension schemes, have on quality of life.

The German substudy with 3,000 respondents is carried out in 100 municipalities by the Munich-based institute TNS Infratest Sozialforschung on behalf of the Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA). In the meantime, the data compiled by the "50plus in Europa" project is being used by over 2,000 scientists around the world. Moreover, this data is a key instrument in providing scientific support for decisionmaking processes in national and European policies, in order to take specific advantage of the opportunities offered by demographic change.


• Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich

• Munich Center for the Economics of Aging

Time frame

8 survey waves until 2023

Further information

www.share-project.org

http://www.share-project.org


35

SOEP – Socio-Economic Panel

Socio-Economic Panel

The Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is a representative longitudinal study of more than 20,000 persons from approximately 11,000 private households in Germany, by the German Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin. The survey is constantly being adapted and developed in response to current developments. Carried out annually since 1984, the survey provides data on earnings, employment, education and health. The same respondents are questioned once a year, therefore longterm social trends can be tracked very closely.

In addition to the long-term monitoring of social change, SOEP constantly implements new areas of measurement to improve and strengthen survey methodology. Current improvements include georeferenced context data, biomarkers and the results of psychological measurements. The introduction of agespecific questionnaires enables several different cohort studies to be carried out.

Meanwhile, year for year, researchers from all over the world may make use of the samples for particularly innovative projects. Various projects combine the me-thodologies used in the life sciences (in twin research, gerontology and health research) with the SOEP survey. The microdata generated by the SOEP leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying human behaviour and social change, covering the entire life span from a multi-disciplinary perspective.

The SOEP is working on a harmonisation of household panel data at national and international level in order to facilitate cross-sectional and crossnational analyses.

In addition to making SOEP data available as a scientific use file for research purposes, there is also the option of analysing more detailed regional information via remote computer access or of conducting research during a stay at SOEP. There are plans to upgrade this access by adding workstations at other institutes according to the Safe Harbour Principle; this is currently in the test phase. Comprehensive documentation of the SOEP data is available online and will be transferred to an integrated metadata system according to DDI standard in 2013.


• Various universities throughout Germany

Time frame

Operational since 1984

Further information

www.diw.de/soep.

http://www.diw.de/soep


36

W 7-X* – The Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator


Interior view of a W7X module, © IPP, Wolfgang Filser

Harnessing the power source of the sun – that is the goal of the scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching and Greifswald. They are developing the theoretical and physical fundamental principles for a fusion power plant that derives energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei to helium. There is an almost inexhaustible supply of the necessary source materials for the process. Due to their excellent safety and environmental properties, fusion power plants represent a long-term potential energy supply.

Optimised magnetic field for the confinement of plasmas

Fusion research is currently focusing on two types of plant, the tokamak and the stellarator, for the confinement of plasmas for fusion experiments. Both devices use magnetic fields to confine the plasma in coils. While the ASDEX Upgrade divertor tokamak is in operation at the IPP Garching site, the Wendelstein 7-X (W 7-X) Stellarator is under construction in Greifswald.

The construction of the W 7-X presents both a technological and a scientific challenge. W 7-X aims to explore continuous operation under reactor-relevant plasma conditions and thus provide important information for the construction of a demonstration power plant. Special technologies are required for the continuous operation of the plant, which no experimental fusion research device has achieved to date. These technologies include a complex modular superconducting coil system to generate the magnetic field cage, superconducting connection cables, extremely flexible helium cooling facilities, electricity supplies, plasma heating systems and highly complex wall sections of the plasma vessel. In cooperation with scientific facilities and industry partners, the device is extending the boundaries of what is currently possible.

The first objective of W 7-X will be achieved once assembly is completed in 2014, namely to show that it is possible to construct such a complicated device. W 7-X aims to demonstrate that the fusion-relevant quality of plasma equilibrium and confinement of the stellarator are on a par with a similar sized tokamak. W 7-X aims to main a stable plasma equilibrium during 30 minutes of

continuous operation. This would establish that a stellarator is able to maintain fusion-relevant plasma during continuous operation – a prerequisite for power plants.

W 7-X is an experiment in basic scientific research with the clearly defined objective of demonstrating that this concept is suitable for power plants.


• Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching/Greifswald

• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology • Forschungszentrum Jülich

Time frame

Set-up phase until August 2014 First operational phase 2014 – 2017 Final phase 2017 – 2019

Further information

www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/de/for/projekte/w7x/

http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/de/for/projekte/w7x/


37

XFEL – European X Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH

Model of the European XFEL facility (lateral cross-section)

The European X-Ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) is a unique facility in Europe, which generates ultrashort X-ray flashes. Not only will these intensive x-ray flashes map the atomic details of cells, viruses, biomolecules and nanomaterials, they will make it possible to film chemical reactions and biological processes at the molecular level and to study processes such as those occurring deep inside planets. Free-electron lasers in the range of X-ray wavelengths will revolutionise this research field: as decisive catalysts for innovations in the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical production processes, in the manufacture of more effective drugs or the development of new materials without wasting valuable resources.

State-of-the-art measuring technology for X-ray structure analysis

In early 2009, underground construction began on the world‘s newest and most powerful X-ray facility, which includes not only the 5.8 kilometre tunnel system, but also an underground experiment hall covering an area of almost 4500 square metres, a building housing laboratories and offices, and seven underground technical centres. The shareholders of the non-profit European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH are designated by the governments of the international partners.

European XFEL is planned as an internationally leading major research facility with instruments, laboratories and state-of-the-art methods of data acquisition and processing. Once the application has been approved, facilities will be made available for research projects of external groups of scientists. Staff at European XFEL supervise the instruments, continue to develop the facility based on a specific research programme and are responsible for the transfer of knowledge in the participating partner countries. In addition to the construction work, the components of the X-ray laser facility (injector, superconducting linear accelerator, undulators, radiation beam lines, experimental facilities, data acquisition etc.) are currently being developed, tested and installed. European XFEL is integrated in a network of European and non-European research

institutes and universities. Moreover, European XFEL is participating in the EU programmes BioStruct-X and CRISP and is a member of EIROforum and the Hard X-Ray FEL collaboration.


• Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg

Time frame

Preparatory phase 2002 – 2009 Set-up phase 2009 – 2015

Further information

www.xfel.eu/de

http://www.xfel.eu/de

Roadmap foR ReseaRch infRastRuctuRes38

Overview: Research infrastructures and participating countries*

*Depending on the status of the project, expressions of interest, memorandums of understanding or agreements under international law are available.

As of January 2013

BERLinPro Germany

CESSDA Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands,

Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

CLARIN Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,

Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom

CTA Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA

DARIAH Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland

ECRIN Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

Romania, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

E-ELT Austria, Belgium, Brazil (not yet ratified), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

United Kingdom (ESO member states)

ELI Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania

ESS-Social Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom

ESS European Spallation Source Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

United Kingdom

EU-OPENSCREEN Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain,

Sweden


FAIR Finland, France, Germany, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden

FLASH II Germany

New research vessel Polarstern Germany

New research vessel POSEIDON Germany

New research vessel Sonne Germany

GCS Germany

IAGOS France, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom

ICOS Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, United Kingdom

Infrafrontier Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

In Vivo Pathophysiology Laboratory Germany

High-performance climate computer HLRE 3

Germany

National Cohort Germany

SHARE Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

SOEP Germany

W 7-X Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Spain USA

XFEL Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

39


40

Set-up costs of the research infrastructures The amounts listed are the projected costs. Current developments may have an impact on costs. Effective: April 2013

FIS Aufbaukosten für Gesamtprojekt

Deutscher Anteil

BMBF Mittel

in Mio. €

BERLinPro 36,5 36,5 *

CESSDA 9,5 k.A. **

CLARIN 104 14 14

CTA 191,2 k.A. k.A.

DARIAH 20 10 10

ECRIN k.A. 0,35 p.a. 0,35 p.a.

E-ELT 1.083 88 88

ELI 825 k.A. 13

ESS-Social 2,2 p.a. 0,4 p.a. **

ESS-Spallation 1.800 180-234 180-234

EU-OPENSCREEN 55 k.A. k.A.

FAIR 1.594 1.158,40 *** 980

FLASH II 33 33 *

New research vessel Polarstern 450 450 450

New research vessel POSEIDON 113 113 113

New research vessel Sonne 124 124 118

GCS 400 400 200

IAGOS 40 k.A. k.A.

ICOS 150 15 15

Infrafrontier 180 42,5 17,5

In Vivo PathophysiologY Laboratory 24 24 *

Klimahöchstleistungsrechner HLRE 3 41 41 26

National Cohort 21 p.a. 21 p.a. 51,8 (2013-2016)

SHARE 10 p.a. 2 p.a. 2 p.a.bis 2014, 0,7 p.a.bis 2018

SOEP k.A. k.A. 45,2 (2013-2020)

W 7-X 1.100 k.A. *

XFEL 1.276,50 705,9 *** 642,9

* Research infrastructure of the Helmholtz Association ** From the budget of the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, coordination costs only *** Project funding and institutional funding

Impressum

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