IR. DR. MUHAMMAD MARIZWAN BIN ABDUL MANAN19 MARCH 2018

ROAD SAFETY STATUS & WAY FORWARD

• General statistics

• Known risk factors

• Motorcycle road safety status

• Motorcycle interventions

• Bicycle – a new trend in transport

• Pedestrian infrastructure challenges

• Conclusion and moving forward

2

CONTENTS

GENERAL STATISTICS

3

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Fa

talit

ies

Po

pu

latio

n &

Re

gis

tere

d V

eh

icle

Registered Vehicles Population Road Deaths

Year Registered Vehicles Population Road Crashes Road Deaths Serious Injury Slight Injury

2016 27,613,120 31,660,000 521,466 7,152 4,506 7,415

Motorcycl

e

62%Passenger

Car

25%

Non-

motorized

9%

Heavy

Vehicle

4%

Road fatalities by vehicle type

YearTOTAL DEATH

for road user

Road safety index

Per 10,000

vehicles

Per 100,000

populations

Per billion

VKT

2016 7,152 7.37 29.1 33.57

Comparing police and hospital road:

• Only 4.1% of matching rate between the hospital and police record Police reporting rate = 4.7%.

Source: Nor Azreena & Varhelyi (2018), Underreporting study for police records in Malaysia

Approx. 2 Billion USD loss

for Malaysia every year

Fatalities = 7,152

THE RISK FACTORS

4

Speeding

23%

Inadequate

vehicle

maintenance

19%

Poor driving skill

16%

Fatigue

16%

Lost control

10%

Influence of

Alcohol / drugs

2%

Road design /

environment

4%

Poor visibility

1%

Others

9%

RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES IN MALAYSIA

Source: 1. MIROS (2012-2013) – VSB & RUBC2. Abdul Manan, M. M., Várhelyi, A., Çelik, A. K., & Hashim, H. H. (2017). Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia. IATSS Research.

Risk factors with highest % in fatal crashes

involving motorcycle

• Locality - Rural (63%)

• Road type - Federal (Primary) road (35%)

• Road geometry -

• Straight road section (72%)

• Curve road section (16%)

• Time - 1600 – 2400 & 0000 – 0600

• Type of collision:

• Side (19%)

• Type of collision –

• Multi vehicle crashes are more risky for

motorcyclists rather than single crash

* Source: PDRM (2014),

analyzed by MIROS (2014)

MOTORCYCLE SAFETY STATUS IN MALAYSIA

5

Source

Abdul Manan, M. M., Ho, J. S., Syed Tajul Arif, S. T. M., Abdul Ghani, M. R., & Várhelyi, A. (2017). Factors associated with

motorcyclists’ speed behaviour on Malaysian roads. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 109-127.

Reverse

jacket

22.2% of

motorcyclists

wear this

31.8% of

motorcyclists

wear slippers

SAFE SYSTEM

APPORACH

STATUS / DESCRIPTION

1 Safe

infrastructureExclusive & non-exclusive motorcycle lane

Very high usage – 65% to 95%!Established a geometric guidelines

2 Helmet

wearing98.9% wears helmet, 85%.2% put down the visor

3 Rider

protection51.1% wears shoes / boots, 55.1% wears jackets

4 Enhance

visibility69.4% Daylight running headlight activated,

76.5% are categorized as dark riders

0.3% wears reflective vest

85% has both side mirrors

5 Rider training

and licensing

100% adopted with 98% passing rate after 3rd try

16 years old is the minimum age to get a license

6 Enforcement Only regular check on motorcycle license and

road tax

7 Speed

management

None

42.2% exceed the speed limit

28.6% exceed the 85th percentile traffic speed

92%-95% of

motorcycle are

between 100cc

to 150cc

MOTORCYCLE INTERVENTIONS

6

Road hierarchy Expressway Primary road

Benefits ChallengesLength

Total

lengt

h (km)

% from

total

length

Total

length

(km)

% from

total

length

Exclusive motorcycle

lane

895.48%

(1,625km)41

0.24%(17,000km)

MC

accident

reduce to

25% - 34%

The coverage is still low

Crash still occurs along

these lanes

Unfriendly road barrier is

a risk

Misuse of the lane by

other vehicles

Our newly developed

geometric guidelines is

still yet to be adopted

and tested

Non-exclusive

motorcycle lane

- - 114 0.67%(17,000km)

May reduce

the crash

risk by 80%

among

motorcyclist

s as

compared

to section

without.

- Radin Umar, R.S., Mackay, M., Hills, B., 2000. Multivariate Analysis of Motorcycle Accidents and the Effects of Exlcusive Motorcycle Lanes in Malaysia. Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control 2, 11-17.

- Norfaizah, M.K., Abdul Manan, M.M., (2015) Safety Evaluation of Egress and Ingress Points Along Exclusive Motorcycle Lane

ROAD CONDITION MONITORING UTILIZING MOTORCYCLE MOTION

7

Normal motorcyclists oriented app- Simple risk mapping

- Simple interface for warning

purposes

- Potential for HUD

Road authorities oriented app- Detail risk mapping

- Detail interface

- Visual tracking

- Attached with customized

holder

Road authority database center

BICYCLE – A NEW TREND IN TRANSPORT

• There is a growing trend of bicycle lane infrastructure development in major cities in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, etc.) – (not because of demand!)

• However they are built without proper policy, needs, standards and safety consideration.

• -This has left the bicycle lane risky to bicycle and also other vehicle.

• Bicycle population is 0.5% of the traffic (in urban)

• iRAP have taken place in assessing these bicycle lane

8

• Pedestrian is fighting for space in our transport system. The road authority is trying to accommodate but face few challenges from motorcycle users

9

PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES

Our transportation system is still vehicle oriented!

10

• A web base app ‘Safer2School” – was developed by MIROS in 2016

• Database inventory of schools in Malaysia based on road assessment of school infrastructure and also iRAP star rating

• For our ministry of education

• Link: http://mroads.miros.gov.my/safer2school/dashboard

http://mroads.miros.gov.my/safer2school/dashboard

• Our number of fatal crashes is increasing steadily!

• 2017 - Malaysian motorcycle crash rate is increasing despite there is a reduction of fatal crash cases.

• We (MIROS, Local universities and research institute) have conducted many research pertaining motorcycle and pedestrian safety. However, many of the findings and countermeasures are NOT being implemented seriously and vehemently by our government.

• Bicyclists is an emerging trend in urban area, but we are not prepare.

• Automated Vehicles (AV) may be a challenge for the VRU especially for motorcycle. Despite many preliminary research have been conducted that shows the high acceptance for this technology, however, NO deep research have been conducted on the interaction between an AV with a motorcycle.

11

CONCLUSION

12

LET’S MAKE MOTORCYCLES A SOLUTION AND NOT THE PROBLEM!