Road Safety in Urban Areas
Transcript of Road Safety in Urban Areas
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IIT Delhi 2020
Road Safety in Urban Areas
Hermann KnoflacherUniv. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. tech.
Institute for Transport SciencesDivision for Traffic Planning and Traffic Engineering
(Interdisciplinary Mobility and Accessibility Research)Gusshausstrasse 30/231
A-1040 ViennaAustria
+43 1 58801 23122 tel+43 1 58801 23199 fax
http://www.ivv.tuwien.ac.at
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Urban Structures
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H.
Kn
ofl
ach
2
0 Evolutionary Preconditions
There are two Optima!
B
walking
running
Pestrian: Negative feedback stabilize the system
Intention/Desire
Sensation
ExperienceNegative Feedback
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16.02.01 Prof. H. Knof lacher
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Die Zukunft der Motorisierung
Indikator
Pkw/1000EW
1954
Realität 1954 62,4 Pcu/1000 Pop
50 years
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10.000 years
Road Safety in Urban Roads
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Simulation - Observation
1985
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Year 1981
B. Appleyard
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What is a slow Speed on Urban Roads?
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• 30 km/h
• 40 km/h
• 50 km/h
• 70 km/h
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Informationsverarbeitung Schema
ΔT
Δt
Irritation
Stimulus
Action
Reaction
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Informationsverarbeitung Schema
Typical time
Spatial limits from
experience
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System Speed and Distance!
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Average travel speed [km/h] house - house
Aver
age
travel
len
gth
[k
m]
pedestrian
cyclist
city bus
regional bus
passenger car
neighbourhood relationships
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Can you understand the simple message?
A car is approaching from the left with high speed
A a sprahn rmtelf ihhg pe
Aasrh mefih e
Ashmfhe
Speed
4
8
16
32
64
128 km/h
Ahfe
Af
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Speed change urban, economic and social structures
Data
Behaviour
STRUCTURESStructures for Cars
Car-DataUrban sprawl and Centralisation
Damage of Public Transport
Car orient. Behav.
Road Design Standards not based on Science
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50 m
36 m
24 - 27 m
1964 - 1967
What is the proper lane width ?
Speed and Lane width
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Urban Structures?
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Sta
nd
ard
La
ne
Wid
th 3
,25 m
30
km
/h
Speed /Ri
sk
? Ethics
? Ethics
Responsibility?
Lane width – car width
Probability to kill people accepted?
Ro
ad
des
ign
Sta
nd
ard
Ro
ad
des
ign
Sta
nd
ard
Helga Kromp-Kolb | BOKU 43
Direction of Responsibility?
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The scientific proper lane width
RV – one way traffic
GV – two way traffic
V50% - average speed
Lane Width publ.
1968 - 1985
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Chance – equity – for all system users
simultaneous view =
same quality for everybody !
Space for
Pedestrian, Cyclists
and Car users in a
comparable scale
Lane width for
car users (~ T30)
[m]
Satisfa
ction
for x%
50%
85%
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This are not urban
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Motorway and Traffic safety
Is a Motorway a contribution to
Traffic Safety of the System?
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Stadtautobahnen
A23 und A22
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Effect on Car Traffic
Example:Schlachthausstreet – Motorway A 23
1977 1978 1988
22 000
7.000
26.000 +60.000-
80.000
Forecast, expectation
and modelling by
traditional experts
..the real system effect!
vor 1 year after A23 ...10 years after A23 opening
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Expected and observed accidents
Beobachtung und Berechnung stimmen genau
zusammenM L R 1
A b h . V a r i a b l e : U N F
V a r i a b l e n : F U Z O W E R T S C H
B E S C H B E F O V
E W R A D W E G E
B S A B A B S T E L L
G E M S T R P E N D L E R
G E H S T E I G E P K W
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 4
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 6
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 8
1 9 8 9
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 2
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 8
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 01
97
0
19
72
19
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19
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19
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S c h ä t z u n g
B e o b
y = x + 1 E - 0 9
R2
= 0 , 9 6 8 7
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
9 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 7 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 8 0 0 0
S c h ä t z u n g
Be
ob
ach
tu
ng
Nu
mb
er o
f acc
iden
ts w
ith
in
jure
d p
eop
le
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.....the formula which produce this effect
Cross – section world view in traditional transport!
A = a x D x S
AccidentsDensity
ru /km
Speed
km / h
x average travel time
= x
but: road users are intelligent, active and selfish
they react on changes – not only in the cross section!
Traditional transport treatment do not see the system
Spec.
Risk of
rux
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Solution must take system effects into account
A = a x D x S
Technical progress
Number of Road users
Travel Speed
Interrelationships between this factors can
• progressively enhance accidents
• degressively decrease accidents
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Solution today
ΔA = Δa x D x S
Technical progress
Number of Risks
Travel Speed
This interrelationships enhance D and S
Technical effects can/will be compensated
by more car traffic, faster and longer trips
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Solution related ot the real system effects:Sustainable Solution
ΔA = Δp x ΔD x ΔS
Technical progress
Number of Risky RU
Travel Speed
Only if the speed of motorvehicles and their
number are reduces substantially we can solve the
accident problem with the contributions from
technical progress
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Parking organisation in the right way is the only way
in order to get clean air and safety vor everybody
P P
P P
Pedestrian
only
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Big advantage for Citis with Cycle Rikshaws; Clean
air on a bigger scale
P
P P
P
Pedestrian and
Cycle Rikshaws
Clean Air
Safety etc.
No Motorvehicles
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Cars have to share public space with the Tram
No additional lanes for private cars anymore
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PT-Passengers have Priority
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Restoration the Sustainable City
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Effect on traffic safety 1991 - 2013
Right size: Arterial Road 17 – 19m wide
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Cross section in accordance with
scientific theoretical and practical background
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Road Safety in Urban Areas
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City Streets are only safe
in Car-free Urban Areas
How we kill Children
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