Introduction To Road safety audit : Malaysian

PracticeDATE : 25 / 8 / 2015, SELASA

JKR KUANTAN

PRESENTED BY : IR. MOHD SAIFUL ZAKARIA, P.Eng, MIEM NUR HISYAM BIN TAJUL AURUS

JABATAN KERJA RAYADAERAH KUANTAN

PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR

”On what goes wrong in road design and how to put it right safely”

INTRODUCTIONRoad Safety Audit may be defined as the formal

examination of the planning, design and construction of road project, and of the characteristics and

operation of an existing road by independent and qualified examiners to identify any potentially unsafe

feature or operational arrangement that may adversely effect the safety of any road user.

 

OBJECTIVES• The identification of potential safety hazards on new road projects, at

the appropriate stage, so that they can be eliminated or otherwise treated to mitigate their adverse effects, at minimum cost

• The identification of hazardous features of an existing road so that they can be eliminated or otherwise treated before they become accident prone locations.

• To ensure that the safety requirements of all road users are explicitly consider in the planning design, construction and operation of road projects.

Road Safety Audithttp://www.unb.ca/transpo/rsa/RSAGuidelines

.pdf

A road safety audit has been defined as: “. . . a formal examination of an existing or future road or

traffic project, or any project that interacts with road users, in which an independent, qualified examiner reports on the project’s accident potential and safety performance” (AUSTROADS, 1994).

What to Look for in RSA• Mistakes

• Lack of attention to detail

• Lack of understanding of safety issues

• Interaction of design elements

• Poor provision for vulnerable road users

• Poor or misleading design

Safety Principles

• Main Parameters- Geometric Design- Road Surface Characteristics- Road Markings and Delineation- Road Signs, Street Furniture and

Appurtenances- Traffic Management - Road Works and Maintenance

Safety Audit Checklists

• Checking that important safety aspects are not overlooked• Understanding of safety in design• Provide a systematic procedure• Provide guidelines on principle safety issues• To be used for Audit in

- Assessment of documents/drawings- Site inspection- Report writing

Common Identified Problems

• Pedestrians- Walkways not continuous- Improper locations for crossings- Inadequate guard rails- Lack of dropped kerb at crossings

• Cyclists - Absence/ Discontinuity of cycle lanes - Obstruction from street furniture- Lack of proper signs

• Motor Cyclists- Slippery road surface- Protruding manholes

• User of Public Transport- Inadequate facilities- Unsafe locations

• Vehicle Users- High speed- Inadequate, incorrect and obscured signs- Uncontrolled accesses- Poorly sited street furniture- Signs/ Lamp posts in front of safety fences- Conflict points at intersections not eliminated- Poor visibility - Poor skid resistance

WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS DESIGN

RSA STAGE

STAGE 1 : Feasibility & Planning stage

STAGE 2 : Draft (Preliminary Design Stage)

STAGE 3 : Detailed Design Stage

STAGE 4 : The Pre Opening Stage

STAGE 5 : RSA Of An Existing Road

STAGE 1 : Feasibility & Planning stage

It’s the earliest recognized stage and may not be applicable where this stage will identify safety problems associated with the overall concept for a protection, road network safety implication, route options, intersection and interchanges types and location.

STAGE 2 : Draft (Preliminary Design Stage)

It is at this stage that many of the traffic engineering features of a project are established, Most of these, Such as cross section elements, intersection / interchange layout, lane and carriageway layout, traffic control options and alignment standards.

Photo 2: Flexible pole proposed to be extended further to proposed junction.

STAGE 3 : Detailed Design Stage

In carrying out detailed design, designers are continually making balances and judgments to the project. This stage will test the design decisions made against road safety objectives and also identify potential hazards resulting from adverse combinations of choosing a series of design criteria.

Proposed Site

STAGE 4 : The Pre Opening Stage

Audit at this stage involves all site inspections of a project. The actual placement of items such as guard railing , traffic signing, street lighting, landscapes etc .. should be given to checking that the respective needs of all road user groups meet desirable safety standards which that will be the last chance to make sure that the project opens to traffic in the best condition to provide safe and efficient operations.

Photo 7: The actual placement of items such as guard railing , traffic signing, street lighting, landscapes

STAGE 5 : RSA Of An Existing Road

An audit at this stage will identify safety problem which develop due to the normal ‘wear and tear’ from traffic operations and also identify hazards due to the way of the landscaping has matured.

Photo 7: Intersection between FT 135 and FT 227 near Jabatan Taman dan Rekreasi. Auditor suggest to provided adequate Accelerate Lane and Seagull Island To Dedicate the road user to go straight and turn left.

Cycle of Road Safety Audit

Cased study

Ending Point of the Damage Bridge

Damage of the Bridge Barrier (during the crash)

1st row of bridge barrier

2nd row of bridge barrier

• 1st and 2nd row of bridge barrier penetrate into the bus

Overall Crash Dynamics

Bus entry – Principle direction of force: 12 o’clockThe bus tried to correct the

maneuver

The right tires on top of the median curb after the 2nd impact

The rest position of the bus

BUS NEARSIDE

INTERNAL VIEW

FROM THE REAR

BUS OFFSIDE

Guardrail Failure

PRECAUTION FOR SAFETY USER

Intersection & Alignment Improvement

Before After

Improved Line of Sight

Sight Distance & Delineation Improvement

Before After

Visual Aid ImprovementBefore After

• Kerbs were installed to properly segregate pedestrian from motorized traffic

• Improvement of road markings

Road safety Auditing existing road : Jln Teluk Cempedak

Photo 1: Based on site visit, auditor didn’t found any location for potential overtaking hazardous situation based on combination of horizontal and vertical alignment check.

Photo 2: The Existing Tree shall cut down to improve the sight distance for the advance warning signboard. Especially at night.

Photo 3: The auditor has no objection with the proposed advance warning signboard to create alert to the driver.The auditor would like to suggest putting Blinkers at the Obstruction marker and Ghost Island to be paint with thermoplastic Red colour. The transverse bar length should be extended until the first advance warning signboard (150m)

Photo 4: Proposed Painting Scheme for All Ghost Island.

Photo 5: All the traffic signage has put in correct location hence there is no objection.

Photo 6: 1. End of guard rail to be extended and plug to the gabion wall. 2. Opening for vehicle to turn right to be provided road stud at

the ghost island area and to be painted with thermoplastic red in colour.

Photo 7: Intersection between FT 135 and FT 227 near Jabatan Taman dan Rekreasi. Auditor suggest to provided adequate Accelerate Lane and Seagull Island To Dedicate the road user to go straight and turn left.

Photo 8: 1. Intersection of New construct road with FT 227 (Jalan Tengku Mahmud)Taper lane width to be widening to give better turning radius for road user.

2. Ghost island marking to be repainting with thermoplastic red in colour paint. Street lighting to be provided both side.

Photo 9: Taper length with ghost island for turn left vehicle to be provided, stop line and seagull island to be provided to dedicate the road user to turn right.

Photo 10: Storage lane line marking to be provided, seagull island and line marking for through lane

Photo 11: Island to be provided to avoid trap lane, Through lane to be widening.

Photo 12: Island to be provided to avoid trap lane, Through lane to be widening.

Photo 13: Taper lane to be realigned.

Photo 14: Example of good treatment for 3 legged stop control junction

Photo 15: Stop line to be provided and no turn right signage to be provided at small T junction.

Road safety audits can provide increased safety in two ways

• By removing preventable accident-producing elements, such as inappropriate intersection layouts, at the planning and design stages; or

• By mitigating the effects of remaining or existing problems by the inclusion of suitable crash-reducing features, such as anti-skid surfacing, guard fencing, traffic control devices, and delineation.

Benefits of conducting a road safety audit

• Reduce the risk (including probability and severity)of accidents on new projects and at interfaces with existing roads;

• Increase the prominence of road safety in the minds of all involved in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the project;

• Reduce the whole life cost of the project by reducing the number of post-opening modifications; and

• Ensure inclusion of all road users rather than the traditional focus on the automobile.

CONCLUSION

The auditor has visited and inspected the site. In addition, related drawings have been studied. The issue highlight before such as guardrail, transverse bar, sight distance, Ghost Island, storage lane, seagull island is highly recommended. Hence, recommendations are put forward for consideration and implementation. With everybody’s commitment, hopefully the accident occurrence and accident severity will reduce significantly in our country.

QUESTIONS?

Thank you