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Transcript of Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol I Main Text_2nd Editon
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IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR HIGHWAY AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AND
MAINTENANCE, PHASE II
ROAD PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION MANUAL
VOLUME I: MAIN TEXT
2014
Department of Public Works and Highways
-
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR
HIGHWAY AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE, PHASE II
ROAD PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION MANUAL
VOLUME I: MAIN TEXT
SECOND EDITION
SEPTEMBER 2014
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
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Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
Manila
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD i
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. xiv
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. xv
DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................ xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Outline .......................................................................................................... 1-2
Chapter 2 Contracts and Guidelines .......................................................... 2-1
2.1 Locally-funded Contract ............................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Foreign-funded Contract .............................................................................. 2-1
2.2.1 Asset Management Approach ................................................................. 2-1
2.2.2 Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance ........................................ 2-2
2.3 Guidelines, Manuals and Practices .............................................................. 2-7
2.3.1 Basic Guidelines and Manuals ................................................................ 2-7
2.3.2 Standard Procurement and Implementation Guidelines ......................... 2-8
2.3.3 International Standard Practices ............................................................. 2-10
2.3.4 Standard Practices of DPWH .................................................................. 2-11
Chapter 3 Implementing Organizations and Role of Entities ....................... 3-1
3.1 Organization of Central Office ...................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Bureau of Construction ........................................................................... 3-3
3.1.2 Bureau of Maintenance ........................................................................... 3-5
3.1.3 Project Management Office .................................................................... 3-6
3.1.4 Planning Service ..................................................................................... 3-7
3.1.5 Bureau of Research and Standards ........................................................ 3-9
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iii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
3.1.6 Bureau of Design .................................................................................... 3-10
3.1.7 Bureau of Quality and Safety (BQS) ....................................................... 3-12
3.2 Organizations of RO and DEO ..................................................................... 3-13
3.3 Organizations for Construction Supervisions ............................................... 3-16
3.3.1 For Foreign-funded Projects through International Competitive Bidding . 3-16
3.3.2 For Locally and Foreign-funded Projects through Local Competitive
Bidding .................................................................................................... 3-20
3.4 Administrative Penalties/Sanctions .............................................................. 3-23
3.5 Authorities of DPWH Officials ....................................................................... 3-24
3.7 Reforms in DPWH ........................................................................................ 3-25
Chapter 4 Procurement .............................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Bids .............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Contract ........................................................................................................ 4-5
4.2.1 Contract Documents ............................................................................... 4-5
4.2.2 Subcontract/Sublease ............................................................................. 4-8
4.3 Facilities and Land Acquisition ..................................................................... 4-8
4.3.1 Facilities for the Engineer........................................................................ 4-8
4.3.2 Right-of-Way Acquisition ......................................................................... 4-9
4.3.3 Possession of Site .................................................................................. 4-9
4.3.4 Relocation of Utilities .............................................................................. 4-10
4.4 Performance Security and Insurance ........................................................... 4-10
4.4.1 Performance Security ............................................................................. 4-10
4.4.2 Contractor's All Risk Insurance (CARI) ................................................... 4-11
4.5 Notice to Proceed (NTP) .............................................................................. 4-11
Chapter 5 Public Information, Road Safety and Environmental Management 5-1
5.1 Public Information System ............................................................................ 5-1
5.2 Relations with Local Communities and Road Users ..................................... 5-2
5.3 Road Safety.................................................................................................. 5-3
5.3.1 Road Safety Program ............................................................................. 5-3
5.3.2 Road Safety Manual ............................................................................... 5-4
5.3.3 Provision of Road Safety Devices ........................................................... 5-5
5.3.4 Traffic Management ................................................................................ 5-6
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text iv
5.3.5 Safety Officer .......................................................................................... 5-6
5.4 Safety and Health Programs ........................................................................ 5-6
5.4.1 Obligation of the Contractor .................................................................... 5-6
5.4.2 Load Restriction ...................................................................................... 5-7
5.4.3 Coordination during Emergency ............................................................. 5-7
5.5 Environmental Management ........................................................................ 5-8
5.5.1 Legal Framework and Process ............................................................... 5-8
5.5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ................................................ 5-8
5.5.3 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) ......................................... 5-10
5.5.4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ................................................ 5-14
5.5.5 Environmental and Social Considerations .............................................. 5-15
5.6 Risk Management ........................................................................................ 5-17
Chapter 6 Construction Management and Supervision ............................... 6-1
6.1 Preliminary Activities .................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Study of Design Reports, Design Drawings, Specifications and
Contract Documents ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1.2 Study on Meteorological Condition ......................................................... 6-3
6.1.3 Pre-construction Survey .......................................................................... 6-3
6.1.4 Joint Site Inspection ................................................................................ 6-4
6.1.5 Conduct of Pre-construction Meeting ...................................................... 6-5
6.1.6 Conduct of Joint As-stake Survey and Preparation of As-staked Plan .... 6-12
6.1.7 Preparation and Processing of Variation Order (VO) .............................. 6-14
6.2 Project Management .................................................................................... 6-18
6.2.1 Mobilization/Demobilization .................................................................... 6-19
6.2.2 Provision of Project Billboard .................................................................. 6-19
6.2.3 Work Program ......................................................................................... 6-20
6.2.4 Straight Line Diagram ............................................................................. 6-26
6.2.5 Value Engineering ................................................................................... 6-26
6.2.6 Construction Drawings ............................................................................ 6-28
6.2.7 Shop Drawings........................................................................................ 6-28
6.2.8 Establishment of Communication Network ............................................. 6-28
6.2.9 Conduct of Coordination Meetings .......................................................... 6-28
6.2.10 Maintenance Work during Contract Period ............................................. 6-29
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6.2.11 Delay of Work and Action Plans .............................................................. 6-30
6.2.12 Suspension of Works .............................................................................. 6-34
6.2.13 Extension of Contract Time ..................................................................... 6-35
6.2.14 Termination of Contract ........................................................................... 6-37
6.3 Cost Management ........................................................................................ 6-39
6.3.1 Advance Payment ................................................................................... 6-42
6.3.2 Interim Payment ...................................................................................... 6-44
6.3.3 Payment of Materials on Site .................................................................. 6-46
6.3.4 Disbursement Estimate and Monitoring of Payment ............................... 6-46
6.3.5 Cost Reduction ....................................................................................... 6-46
6.3.6 Price Adjustments ................................................................................... 6-49
6.3.7 Provisional Sum and Daywork ................................................................ 6-50
6.3.8 Claims ..................................................................................................... 6-51
6.4 Quantity Control ........................................................................................... 6-54
6.4.1 Objectives ............................................................................................... 6-54
6.4.2 Duties of Quantity Engineer .................................................................... 6-54
6.4.3 Inspection Techniques ............................................................................ 6-55
6.4.4 Bill of Quantities (BOQ) ........................................................................... 6-55
6.4.5 Measurement and Evaluation ................................................................. 6-56
6.4.6 Monitoring and Estimate of Final Quantity .............................................. 6-57
6.5 Documentation ............................................................................................. 6-57
6.5.1 Progress Reports .................................................................................... 6-58
6.5.2 Project Logbook ...................................................................................... 6-59
6.5.3 Correspondence ..................................................................................... 6-62
6.5.4 Progress Photographs ............................................................................ 6-62
Chapter 7 Quality Control ........................................................................... 7-1
7.1 General......................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Quality Control Program ............................................................................... 7-3
7.3 Quality Control Specifications....................................................................... 7-5
7.4 Project Laboratory ........................................................................................ 7-6
7.5 Accreditation of AC and PCC Batching Plants ............................................. 7-9
7.6 Quality Control Activities ............................................................................... 7-13
7.6.1 Category of Activities and Frequency of Tests ........................................ 7-13
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text vi
7.6.2 Quality Control on Construction Materials ............................................... 7-17
7.6.3 Production of Aggregates ........................................................................ 7-18
7.6.4 Submission and Approval of Concrete Pouring Permit ........................... 7-22
7.6.5 Quality Control Logbook ......................................................................... 7-24
7.7 Design Mix and Trial Construction ................................................................ 7-24
7.7.1 Design Mix and Trial Construction for PCC Pavement ........................... 7-24
7.7.2 Job-Mix Formula and Trial Construction for AC Pavement ..................... 7-27
7.7.3 Design Mix and Trial Construction for Other Major Work Items .............. 7-30
7.8 Calibration of Testing Equipment .................................................................. 7-32
7.9 Accreditation of New Product and Technology ............................................. 7-32
7.9.1 PCCP Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh ............................................. 7-32
7.10 Recycling of Pavement Materials ................................................................. 7-33
7.11 Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement (RCCP) .......................................... 7-33
7.12 Electrical Density Gauge .............................................................................. 7-34
7.13 ISO Accreditation of Large Contractors ........................................................ 7-35
Chapter 8 Field Inspections ....................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Objectives of Field Inspection....................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Categories of Field Inspection ...................................................................... 8-4
8.3 Field Inspection Plan .................................................................................... 8-6
8.4 Standard Inspection Check Sheet ................................................................ 8-8
8.5 Request for Inspection ................................................................................. 8-10
Chapter 9 Project Completion .................................................................... 9-1
9.1 Pre-final Inspection for Completion .............................................................. 9-1
9.2 Final Inspection for Completion .................................................................... 9-1
9.2.1 Submission of Request for Final Inspection for Completion ................... 9-1
9.2.2 Participants for the Final Inspection for Completion ................................ 9-2
9.2.3 Remedial Works ...................................................................................... 9-4
9.3 Issuance of Certificate of Completion ........................................................... 9-4
9.4 Final Payment .............................................................................................. 9-6
Chapter 10 Defects Liability Period, Final Acceptance and Warranty Period . 10-1
10.1 Defects Liability Period ................................................................................. 10-1
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10.2 Pre-final Inspection for Acceptance .............................................................. 10-1
10.3 Final Inspection for Acceptance.................................................................... 10-1
10.3.1 Remedial Works ...................................................................................... 10-1
10.4 Issuance of Certificate of Acceptance .......................................................... 10-1
10.5 Release of Remaining Retention Money ...................................................... 10-2
10.6 Release of Performance Security ................................................................. 10-2
10.7 Warranty Period............................................................................................ 10-2
Chapter 11 Maintenance after Final Acceptance ........................................... 11-1
11.1 Maintenance by DPWH after Final Acceptance............................................ 11-1
11.2 Maintenance Inspection and Remedial Measure Design ............................. 11-8
11.3 Overloaded Vehicle Control .......................................................................... 11-10
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Classifications of Projects and Programs .......................................... 1-2
Table 2.1 Scope of LTPBM Contract ................................................................. 2-3
Table 2.2 Road Condition Category .................................................................. 2-4
Table 2.3 International Roughness Index and Road Condition Category .......... 2-4
Table 2.4 Typical Intervention Pattern on LTPBM ............................................. 2-5
Table 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Built Contract ................. 2-6
Table 2.6 Reference Guidelines and Manuals .................................................. 2-8
Table 2.7 DPWH Procurement Manuals ........................................................... 2-9
Table 2.8 Comparison of GCC between FIDIC and DPWH Conditions of
Contract ............................................................................................. 2-13
Table 3.1 Bureaus' Roles and Functions ........................................................... 3-3
Table 3.2 Limits of Authority .............................................................................. 3-13
Table 3.3 Duties and Responsibilities of Consultants ........................................ 3-18
Table 3.4 Limits of assignment of Project Engineer and Project Inspector ........ 3-21
Table 3.5 Limits of Assignment of Materials Engineer ....................................... 3-21
Table 3.6 Duties and Responsibilities of Project Engineer ................................ 3-22
Table 3.7 Duties and Responsibilities of Project Inspector ................................ 3-22
Table 3.8 Duties and Responsibilities of Materials Engineer ............................. 3-23
Table 3.9 Points against Negative Slippage ...................................................... 3-24
Table 4.1 Bid Documents .................................................................................. 4-1
Table 4.2 List of Contract Documents ............................................................... 4-5
Table 5.1 Safety Programs ................................................................................ 5-3
Table 5.2 Road Safety Manual and Handbook .................................................. 5-4
Table 5.3 Project Grouping Matrix for Determination of EIA Report Type
- New Single and Co-located Projects (Group I) ................................ 5-12
Table 5.4 Project Grouping Matrix for Determination of EIA Report Type
- New Single and Co-located Projects (Group II) ............................... 5-13
Table 6.1 Checklist of Reports for Review......................................................... 6-2
Table 6.2 Participants for Site Inspection .......................................................... 6-4
Table 6.3 Scope of Inspection ........................................................................... 6-5
Table 6.4 Agenda for Pre-construction Meeting ................................................ 6-6
Table 6.5 Attendees for Meeting ....................................................................... 6-10
Table 6.6 Control Points and Tolerances ........................................................... 6-13
Table 6.7 Agenda for Coordination Meeting ...................................................... 6-29
Table 6.8 Stages of Negative Slippage ............................................................. 6-31
Table 6.9 Types of Payments ............................................................................ 6-41
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Table 6.10 Payment Guidelines .......................................................................... 6-41
Table 6.11 Actions and Supporting Documents for Advance Payment
(Regional and District Offices) ........................................................... 6-43
Table 6.12 Payment Procedure ........................................................................... 6-44
Table 6.13 Actions and Supporting Documents Required for Interim
Payment (Regional and District Offices) ............................................ 6-45
Table 6.14 Cost Reduction due to Deficiency in Strength ................................... 6-47
Table 6.15 Cost Reduction due to Deficiency in Thickness ................................. 6-49
Table 6.16 Contractors Claim for Time Extension .............................................. 6-53
Table 6.17 Checklist of Project Documents ......................................................... 6-58
Table 6.18 Progress Report ................................................................................ 6-59
Table 6.19 Responsible Office for Securing the Documents ............................... 6-62
Table 7.1 Quality Control Activities .................................................................... 7-4
Table 7.2 Specifications/Standards ................................................................... 7-6
Table 7.3 Material Testing Equipment/Apparatus .............................................. 7-8
Table 7.4 Quality Control Categories ................................................................ 7-14
Table 7.5 Minimum Test Requirements ............................................................. 7-16
Table 7.6 Categories of Materials ...................................................................... 7-17
Table 7.7 Types of Aggregates Required for Road Projects .............................. 7-19
Table 7.8 Types of Crushers ............................................................................. 7-20
Table 7.9 Classes of Concrete .......................................................................... 7-30
Table 7.10 Grading Requirement for Coarse Aggregate ..................................... 7-30
Table 7.11 Strength Requirements for Cement Concrete ................................... 7-31
Table 7.12 Composition and Strength of Concrete for Use in Structure .............. 7-31
Table 7.13 Comparison between PCCP and RCCP ........................................... 7-34
Table 8.1 Criteria for acceptance ...................................................................... 8-4
Table 9.1 Composition of Inspectorate Team .................................................... 9-2
Table 9.2 Procedures and Supporting Documents for Final Payment (Regional
and District Offices) ........................................................................... 9-7
Table 10.1 Warranty Security .............................................................................. 10-3
Table 11.1 Main Goals of Preventive/Periodic and Routine Maintenance ........... 11-2
Table 11.2 Required Maintenance Activities for Road Facilities .......................... 11-3
Table 11.3 Calculation of Maintenance Share ..................................................... 11-6
Table 11.4 Monitoring for Maintenance Works .................................................... 11-7
Table 11.5 Pavement Distress, Major Causes and Common Repair Methods
for AC Pavement ............................................................................... 11-8
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text x
Table 11.6 Pavement Distress, Major Causes and Common Repair Methods
for PCC Pavement ............................................................................. 11-9
Table 11.7 Maximum Allowable Gross Vehicle Weight ........................................ 11-10
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xi Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Asset Management Approach ........................................................... 2-2
Figure 2.2 Sequence of Project Delivery ............................................................ 2-6
Figure 2.3 Procurement and Contract Guidelines............................................... 2-7
Figure 2.4 DPWH Procurement Manuals Cover Pages ...................................... 2-9
Figure 2.5 FIDIC Conditions of Contract Cover Pages ....................................... 2-11
Figure 3.1 Organizational Chart of DPWH CO ................................................... 3-2
Figure 3.2 Organizational Chart of BOC ............................................................. 3-4
Figure 3.3 Organizational Chart of BOM ............................................................ 3-5
Figure 3.4 Organizational Chart of PS ................................................................ 3-8
Figure 3.5 Organizational Chart of BRS ............................................................. 3-10
Figure 3.6 Organizational Chart of BOD ............................................................. 3-11
Figure 3.7 Organizational Chart of BQS ............................................................. 3-12
Figure 3.8 Organizational Chart of RO ............................................................... 3-14
Figure 3.9 Organizational Chart of DEO ............................................................. 3-15
Figure 3.10 Typical Assignment Schedules of Consultants .................................. 3-16
Figure 3.11 Typical Organizational Chart of Consultants for Construction
Supervision ........................................................................................ 3-17
Figure 3.12 Typical Organizational Chart for Construction Supervision of
Project conducted thru Force Account ............................................... 3-20
Figure 5.1 Project Information ............................................................................ 5-2
Figure 5.2 Traffic Control Information ................................................................. 5-2
Figure 5.3 Traffic Accident Recording and Analysis System ............................... 5-3
Figure 5.4 Road Safety Manual and Highway Safety Design Standards Cover
Pages ................................................................................................ 5-4
Figure 5.5 Road Safety Devices and Signages .................................................. 5-5
Figure 5.6 Summary Flowchart of EIA Process .................................................. 5-9
Figure 5.7 Overview of Stages of the Philippine EIA Process ............................ 5-10
Figure 5.6 Risk Management Diagram ............................................................... 5-17
Figure 6.1 Stages of Implementation .................................................................. 6-1
Figure 6.2 Example of Rainfall Record ............................................................... 6-3
Figure 6.3 Typical Organizational Chart of Contractor for Foreign-Funded Project 6-8
Figure 6.4 Typical Organizational Chart of Contractor for Locally-Funded Project 6-9
Figure 6.5 Typical Weekly Work Schedule ......................................................... 6-11
Figure 6.6 Flowchart of activities for As-stake Survey and Approval of
As-staked Plan .................................................................................. 6-14
Figure 6.7 Executive Summary ........................................................................... 6-17
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xii
Figure 6.8 Project Management ......................................................................... 6-18
Figure 6.9 Example of Pert/CPM ........................................................................ 6-21
Figure 6.10 Example of Bar Chart with S-Curve ................................................... 6-22
Figure 6.11 Example of Manpower Schedule ....................................................... 6-24
Figure 6.12 Example of Equipment Utilization Schedule ...................................... 6-25
Figure 6.13 Example of Straight Line Diagram ..................................................... 6-27
Figure 6.14 Maintenance Period ........................................................................... 6-29
Figure 6.15 Contractors Maintenance Activities ................................................... 6-30
Figure 6.16 Catch-up Program ............................................................................. 6-32
Figure 6.17 Cost and Financial Management ....................................................... 6-40
Figure 6.18 Project Logbook Format .................................................................... 6-61
Figure 6.19 Progress Photographs ....................................................................... 6-63
Figure 7.1 Quality Management ......................................................................... 7-1
Figure 7.2 Statistical Quality Control (X-R Control Chart) ................................... 7-2
Figure 7.3 Quality Control Procedures ............................................................... 7-5
Figure 7.4 Material Testing Equipment/Apparatus .............................................. 7-9
Figure 7.5 Flowchart for Batching Plant Accreditation ........................................ 7-11
Figure 7.6 Assessment of Batching Plant for Accreditation .............................. 7-12
Figure 7.7 Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Batching Plants .................. 7-13
Figure 7.8 Common Problems in Aggregate Production (Case of River Gravel) 7-21
Figure 7.9 Flowchart for Approval of Concrete Pouring Permit ........................... 7-22
Figure 7.10 Concrete Pouring Permit Format ....................................................... 7-23
Figure 7.11 Materials Quality Control Log Book ................................................... 7-24
Figure 7.12 Flowchart for Preparatory Work to Concrete Paving ......................... 7-25
Figure 7.13 Trial Mix for Portland Cement Concrete ............................................ 7-25
Figure 7.14 Trial Construction for PCCP .............................................................. 7-26
Figure 7.15 Marshall Stability Testing Equipment ................................................. 7-28
Figure 7.16 Determination of Design Asphalt Content .......................................... 7-29
Figure 7.17 PCCP Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh ........................................ 7-33
Figure 7.18 Recycling of Concrete Materials ........................................................ 7-33
Figure 7.19 Equipment for RCCP ......................................................................... 7-34
Figure 7.20 Typical Composition of RCCP ........................................................... 7-34
Figure 8.1 Site Instruction ................................................................................... 8-3
Figure 8.2 Hierarchy of Field Inspection ............................................................. 8-6
Figure 8.3 Classification of Pavement by Work Category ................................... 8-6
Figure 8.4 Flowchart for Field Inspection ............................................................ 8-7
Figure 8.5 Example of Inspection Check Sheet .................................................. 8-9
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xiii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
Figure 8.6 Flowchart for Inspection Request and Approval ................................ 8-10
Figure 8.7 Example of Work/Inspection Request................................................ 8-11
Figure 9.1 Activities undertaken during completion stage .................................. 9-3
Figure 9.2 Flowchart of Activities Relative to the Issuances of
Certificates of Completion and Acceptance ....................................... 9-5
Figure 10.1 Defects Liability and Warranty Periods .............................................. 10-2
Figure 11.1 Asset Management............................................................................ 11-1
Figure 11.2 Maintenance Activities on Pavement ................................................. 11-3
Figure 11.3 Programming Process (Asset Management System) ........................ 11-4
Figure 11.4 Flow of Routine Maintenance Work ................................................... 11-5
Figure 11.5 Budget Allocation Flow ...................................................................... 11-8
Figure 11.6 Effects of Overloading on Pavement ................................................. 11-11
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xiv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In behalf of the CWG on Road Manuals Improvement, The Group Leader would like to
thank the TWG members and the regional project managers of pilot regions for their
patience, guidance, words of encouragement and useful critiques which really helped us a lot
in accomplishing this undertaking.
TWG Members:
Dr. Judy F. SESE, Chairperson, OIC-Director, Bureau of Research and Standards
Ms. Carolina S. CANUEL, Fmr. Vice Chairperson, Fmr. Div. Chief, DPD, P/S
Mr. Adriano M. DOROY, Asst. Director, Bureau of Design
Mr. Aristarco M. DOROY, OIC-Asst. Director, Bureau of Construction
Ms. Edna F. MEEZ, OIC-DE, Negros Occidental 4th DEO, DPWH-Region VII
Mr. Felipe S. RAMOS, Fmr. Chief, Technical Services and Evaluation Div., BRS
Mr. Nestor B. CAOILE, OIC-Division Chief, Materials Testing Division, BRS
Regional Project Managers:
Ms. Elsa T. NABOYE, Regional Project Manager, Asst. Chief, QAD, DPWH-CAR
Ms. Ramie B. DOROY, Regional Project Manager, DE, Negros Oriental 1st DEO,
DPWH-Region VII
Ms. Rowena P. JAMITO, Regional Project Manager, Engr. V, MD, RO-XI
Thank you also to the CWG Members for their efforts and collaborations.
CWG Members:
MR. Jay Jenner R. BIARES, Engr. III, CAR; Group Leader
Mr. Elmer R. FIGUEROA, Engr. III, BOC
Mr. Ernante S. ANTONIO, Engr. III, BOM
Ms. Carina B. DIAZ, Engr. III, BOD
Ms. Nenita R. VALENCIA, Former Engr. III, BRS
Mr. Vicente R. VALLE, JR., Engr. IV, DPWH-Region VII
Ms. Aurora M. LACASANDILE, Engr. III, CD, DPWH-Region XI
Finally, we wish to thank our Expert, Mr. Ryoichi Yamasaki, Co-Team Leader, JICA TCP II
and his Asst. Engineer, Mr. Feliciano P. Carpio, for their support and encouragement
throughout this activity.
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xv Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
ACRONYMS
A
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official
ABC Approved Budget for the Contract
AC Asphalt Concrete
ACI American Concrete Institute
ADB Asian Development Bank
AIP Annual Investment Program
AMWP Annual Maintenance Working Program
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AWP Annual Working Program
B
BAC Bids and Awards Committee
BMS Bridge Management System
BOC Bureau of Construction
BOD Bureau of Design
BOM Bureau of Maintenance
BOQ Bill of Quantities
BOT Built-Operate-Transfer
BQS Bureau of Quality and Safety
BRS Bureau of Research and Standards, DPWH
C
CARBDP Cotabato Agusan River Basin Development Project
CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Road Program
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CARI Contractors All Risk Insurance
CBR California Bearing Ratio
CDA Cooperative Development Authority
CMS Contract Management System
CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage
CO Central Office
COA Commission on Audit
CPES Contractors' Performance Evaluation System
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CPM Critical Path Method
CV Curriculum Vitae
CWG Counterpart Working Group
D
DAO DENR Administrative Order
DB Design-Build
DBB Design-Bid-Build
DE District Engineer
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DEO District Engineering Office
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DLP Defects Liability Period
DO Department Order
DOTC Department of Transportation and Communications
DoTS Documents Tracking System
DPD Development Planning Division
DPM DPWH Procurement Manual
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
E
EA Executing Agency
ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
EMK Equivalent Maintenance Kilometer
EMP Environmental Management Plan
eNGAS Electronic New Government Accounting System
ESAL Equivalent Single Axle Load
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Analysis
ESS Environmental and Social Screening/Scoping
ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguards Office
F
FABP Foreign-Assisted Bridge Program
FCSEC Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center
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xvii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
FDT Field Density Test
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FIDIC Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils
(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
G
GAA General Appropriations Act
GCC General Conditions of Contract
GOP Government of the Philippines
GPPB Government Procurement Policy Board
GPRA Government Procurement Reform Act
GVW Gross Vehicle Weight
H
HDM-4 Highway Development and Management Version 4
HMA Hot Mix Asphalt
I
ICB International Competitive Bidding
IEE Initial Environment Examination
IN International Expert
IO Implementing Office
IRI International Roughness Index
IROW Infrastructure Right-of-Way
IRR-A Implementing Rules and Regulations Part A (for locally-funded projects)
ISO International Organization for Standardization
J
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
JMF Job Mix Formula
JCC Joint Coordinating Committee
K
KAMANAVA Kalookan Malabon Navotas Valenzuela
KEDCF Korean Economic Development Cooperative Fund
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xviii
L
LCB Local Competitive Bidding
LGU Local Government Unit
LTO Land Transportation Office
LTPBM Long Term Performance-Based Maintenance
LTPBME Long Term Performance Based Maintenance-cum-Enhancement
M
MBA Maintenance by Administration (force account)
MBC Maintenance by Contract-put
MC Memorandum Circular
MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation
ME Materials Engineer
MFCDP Major Flood Control development Project
MIS Monitoring and Information Service
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MPE Mount Pinatubo Emergency
MVUC Motor Vehicle Users Charge/Cost
MYPSS Multi-Year Programming and Scheduling System
N
N National Expert
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NRIMP National Roads Improvement and Management Program
NTP Notice To Proceed
P
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PAMS Project Advisory and Management System
PBDs Philippine Bid Documents
PCAB Philippine Constructors Accreditation Board
PCC Portland Cement Concrete
PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
PE Project Engineer
Pert/CPM Program Evaluation and Review Technique / Critical Path Method
PI Project Inspector
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xix Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
PID Public Information Division
PM Project Manager
PM/O Preventive Maintenance/Overlay
PMO Project Management Office
PNP Philippine National Police
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PS Planning Service
Q
QAD Quality Assurance Division
QAS Quality Assurance Section
QAU Quality Assurance Unit
QCP Quality Control Program
R
RA Republic Act
RA 9184 Government Procurement Reform Act of 2003
RATPLAN Rationalization Plan
RB Road Board
RBIA Road and Bridge Information Application
RE Resident Engineer
REAPMP Road Enhancement and Asset Preservation Management Program
RH Rehabilitation
RM Routine Maintenance
RMMS Routine Maintenance Management System
RMP Routine Maintenance Program
RO Regional Office
ROCOND Visual Road Condition Rating System
ROW Right-of-Way
RRNDP Rural Road Network Development Project
RUPP Road Upgrading Preservation Project
RWS Rural Water System
S
SB Special Buildings
SBD Standard Bidding Documents
SBP Special Bridge Project
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xx
SCC Special Conditions of Contract
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
SFD Saudi Fund for Development
SMS Short Messaging System
T
TARAS Traffic Accident Recording and Analysis System
TCP Technical Cooperation Project
TEAM Traffic Engineering and Management
TOR Terms of Reference
TWG Technical Working Group
U
URPO Urban Roads Project Office
USA United States of America
V
VDF Vehicle Damage Factor
VO Variation Order
W
WB World Bank
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DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
Contract Words
(By) Administration
The procedure by which the implementation of an infrastructure project
is carried out under the administration and supervision of the DPWH
through its own personnel.
Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC)
The budget for the contract duly approved by the Head of the Procuring
Entity.
BAC
The Bids and Awards Committee established in accordance with Article V
of R.A.9184.
Bidding Documents
The documents issued by the DPWH as the basis for Bids, furnishing all
information necessary for a prospective bidder to prepare a bid for the
Goods, Infrastructure Projects, and Consulting Services to be provided.
Bill of Quantities
A list of the specific items of Work and their corresponding quantities,
unit prices, lump sums, and/or provisional sums.
Change Order
A written order issued by the Director to the Contractor, covering changes
in the plans or quantities or both, within or beyond the scope of the
contract and establishing the basis of payment for the work affected by
the changes.
Contract
The contract between the DPWH and the Contractor to execute,
completes, and maintain the Works. It consists of the documents listed
in the GCC and the SCC.
Contract Time Extension
The allowable period for the Contractor to complete the Works in addition
to the original Completion Date stated in this Contract.
Contractor
The juridical entity whose proposal has been accepted by the DPWH and
to whom the Contract to execute the Work was awarded.
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxii
Corrupt, Fraudulent, and Coercive Practices
"Corrupt Practice" means behavior on the part of officials in the public or
private sectors by which they improperly and unlawfully enrich
themselves, others, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in
which they are placed, and includes the offering, giving, receiving, or
soliciting of anything of value to influence the action of any such official in
the procurement process or in contract execution; entering, on behalf of
the Government, into any contract or transaction manifestly and grossly
disadvantageous to the same, whether or not the public officer profited
or will profit thereby, and similar acts as provided in Republic Act 3019.
"Fraudulent Practice" means a misrepresentation of facts in order to influence a
procurement process or the execution of a contract to the detriment of
the PROCURING ENTITY, and includes collusive practices among Bidders
(prior to or after bid submission) designed to establish bid prices at
artificial, non-competitive levels and to deprive the PROCURING ENTITY
of the benefits of free and open competition.
Collusive Practices means a scheme or arrangement between two or more Bidders, with
or without the knowledge of the PROCURING ENTITY, designed to
establish bid prices at artificial, non-competitive levels.
Coercive Practices means harming or threatening to harm, directly or indirectly, persons,
or their property to influence their participation in a procurement process,
or affect the execution of a contract.
Consulting Services
The services for Infrastructure Projects and other types of projects or
activities of the DPWH requiring adequate external technical and
professional expertise to undertake such as, but not limited to: (i)
advisory and review services; (ii) pre-investment or feasibility studies; (iii)
design; (iv) construction supervision; (v) management and related
services; and (vi) other technical services or special studies.
Day
Calendar days; months are calendar months.
Dayworks
Varied work inputs subject to payment on a time basis for the
Contractors Employees and Equipment, in addition to payments for
associated Materials and Plant.
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Defects Liability Certificate
The certificate issued by the DPWHs Representative upon correction of
defects by the Contractor.
Defects Liability Period
The one year period between project completion and final acceptance
within which the Contractor assumes the responsibility to undertake the
repair of any damage to the Works at his own expenses, aside from his
responsibility under warranty of the Civil Code which is 5 years for
horizontal, and 15 years for vertical.
Drawings (Plans)
The plans, profiles, typical cross sections, working drawings and
supplemental drawings, approved by the Engineer / the PE, or exact
reproductions thereof, which show the location, character, dimensions,
and details of the work. They include all supplementary details, shop
drawings, calculations, and other information provided or approved for
the execution of this Contract.
Engineer
In this Manual, Engineer means a qualified professional appointed or
designated by the Employer (DPWH) to render technical and/or
administrative decision for the purposes of supervising a project. In
DPWH, the hierarchy of command based on delegated authority of
officials/officers is being observed, hence the title Engineer most likely
changes in person of authority depending on the subject matter and its
cost limit from the omnibus levels of authority of DPWH officers and
officials.
Likewise, person appointed by the Contractor to act as Engineer for the
purposes of supervising the project and named in the Special Conditions
of Contract is also known as Engineer of the Contractor.
Environment
Surrounding air, water (both ground and surface), land, flora, fauna,
humans and their interrelations.
Environmental Compliance Certificate
A certificate of Environmental Compliance Commitment to which the
Proponent conforms with, after DENR-EMB explains the ECC conditions,
by signing the sworn undertaking of full responsibility over
implementation of specified measures which are necessary to comply
with existing environmental regulations or to operate within best
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxiv
environmental practices that are not currently covered by existing laws. It
is a document issued by the DENR/EMB after a positive review of an ECC
application, certifying that the Proponent has complied with all the
requirements of the EIS System and has committed to implement its
approved Environmental Management Plan. The ECC also provides
guidance to other agencies and to LGUs on EIA findings and
recommendations, which need to be considered in their respective
decision-making process.
Environmentally Critical Area
An environmentally sensitive area declared through Proclamation 2146
wherein significant environmental impacts are expected if certain
types/thresholds of proposed projects are located, developed or
implemented in it. Updating of technical descriptions of ECAs is vested on
the DENR-EMB through Section 2-D of AO 42 (2002).
Environmentally Critical Project
Projects belonging to project types declared through Proclamation No.
2146 and Proclamation No. 803 which may pose significant negative
environmental impact at certain thresholds of operation regardless of
location. Updating of technical descriptions of ECPs is vested on the
DENR-EMB through Section 2-D of AO 42 (2002), in coordination with the
DTI as provided for in Section 3-A of AO 42.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Process that involves evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a
project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment during
construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment. It also
includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement
measures addressing these consequences to protect the environment
and the communitys welfare.
Environmental Impact Statement
Document, prepared and submitted by the project Proponent and/or EIA
Consultant that serves as an application for an ECC. It is a comprehensive
study of the significant impacts of a project on the environment. It
includes an Environmental Management Plan/Program that the
Proponent will fund and implement to protect the environment.
Environmental Management Plan/Program
Section in the EIS that details the prevention, mitigation, compensation,
contingency and monitoring measures to enhance positive impacts and
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xxv Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
minimize negative impacts and risks of a proposed project or undertaking.
For operating projects, the EMP can also be derived from an EMS.
Environmental Management Systems
Refers to the EMB PEPP EMS as provided for under DAO 2003-14, which
is a part of the overall management system of a project or organization
that includes environmental policy, organizational structure, planning
activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and
resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and
maintaining an improved overall environmental performance.
Environmental Monitoring Fund
Fund that a Proponent shall set up after an ECC is issued for its project or
undertaking, to be used to support the activities of the multi-partite
monitoring team. It shall be immediately accessible and easily
disbursable.
Government Procurement Policy Board
The Government Procurement Policy Board established in accordance
with R.A.9184.
Head of the Procuring Entity
The head of the agency or his duly authorized official, for national
government agencies, or the local chief executive, for local government
units stated in the SCC. Provided that in a department, office or agency
where the procurement is decentralized, the head of each decentralized
unit shall be considered as the Head of the Procuring Entity subject to the
limitations and authority delegated by the head of the department, office
or agency.
IRR
The implementing rules and regulations to be promulgated in accordance
with Section 75 of R.A.9184.
IRR-A
"IRR-A" is promulgated pursuant to Section 74 of Republic Act No. 9184
(R.A. 9184), otherwise known as the Government Procurement Reform
Act (GPRA), for the purpose of prescribing the necessary rules and
regulations for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the
procurement activities of the government. IRR-A shall cover all fully
domestically funded procurement activities from procurement planning
up to contract implementation and termination.
Negative Slippage
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A delay in work execution occurring when actual accomplishment falls
below the target as measured by the difference between the scheduled
and actual accomplishment of the Work by the Contractor as established
from the work schedule. This is actually described as a percentage of the
whole Works.
Notice to Proceed
Written notice issued by the DPWH to the Contractor requiring the latter
to begin the commencement of the work not later than the specified of
determinable date.
Permanent Works
All permanent structures and all other project features and facilities
required to be constructed and completed in accordance with this
Contract which shall be delivered to the DPWH and which shall remain at
the Site after the removal of all Temporary Works.
Project Engineer
In this Manual, Project Engineer means an Engineer appointed or
designated by the Employer (DPWH) to be responsible for the technical
operation and administrative supervision well-being of one or more
projects assisted by Resident Engineer in each project. The Project
Engineer serves as the link person between project field offices and
Employer (DPWH) Implementing Offices (IOs) or PMOs.
Special Provisions
The specifications prepared for specific terms of work or methods of
construction, measurement and payment under each contract, which are
not covered by the DPWH Standard Specifications.
Specifications
The description of Works to be done and the qualities of materials to be
used, the equipment to be installed and a method of construction.
Subcontractor
Any person or organization Who has subcontracted a part of the works of
the Contractor, as allowed by the DPWH, but not an assignee of such
person/organization.
Temporary Works
Works designed, constructed, installed, and removed by the Contractor
that are needed for construction or installation of the Permanent Works.
Tolerance
The allowable limits of variation from a specified measurement.
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xxvii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text
Unit Prices
These shall be prepared for each contract using costs based on
reasonable approved current prices as projected over the proposed
construction period, divided into local and foreign exchange costs, as the
case may be.
Work(s)
The Permanent Works and Temporary Works to be executed by the
Contractor in accordance with this Contract, including (i) the furnishing of
all labor, materials, equipment and others incidental, necessary or
convenient to the complete execution of the Works; (ii) the passing of
any tests before acceptance by the DPWHs Representative; (iii) and the
carrying out of all duties and obligations of the Contractor imposed in the
Contract.
Engineering Words -- Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
Admixture
A substance other than cement, water or aggregate added to a batch of
fresh concrete to alter one of the normal properties of concrete.
Batching Plant
The plant either on or off the work site where the materials are
assembled by batches for the mixer. Water and admixtures usually are
added as the batch is introduced into the mixer.
Coarse Aggregate
Aggregate which is retained on the No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve.
Contraction Joint
A joint which controls the location of a transverse crack and permits the
slab to contract and expand with changes in temperature.
Dowel or Dowel Bar
A smooth steel bar extending across a concrete joint to transfer the
applied load, prevent future misalignment of the slab and permit
movement at the joint.
Dowel Assembly
A cage or basket used to hold dowels in position during placement of
concrete.
Expansion Joint
A joint adjacent to a bridge or intersection to absorb expansion of
concrete pavement and prevent expansive pressure on the bridge or
intersecting pavement.
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Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxviii
Joint Sealer
A compound for preventing entrance of water and solid particles into a
joint. The sealer may either be performed or liquid.
Longitudinal Joint
A joint which extends lengthwise in the roadway, parallel to the
centerline.
Segregation
The unintentional separation of the larger pieces of aggregate from the
smaller pieces within one size of aggregate or within a mixture of sizes of
fresh concrete.
Slip-Form Paving
Concrete paving by use of a machine carrying its own forms between
which low slump concrete is compacted sufficiently to retain its shape
after the machine has progressed onward.
Tie Bar
A deformed dowel or hook-bolt placed across longitudinal joints of
concrete pavement near middle depth to tie the slabs together and hold
the joint closed.
Engineering Words -- Asphalt Concrete Pavement -
Aggregate
Mineral material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, or
combinations thereof.
Asphalt Concrete
A mixture of aggregate and asphalt binder (Bitumen).
Asphalt Binder (Bitumen)
A thermoplastic binding material obtained as a residue in the distillation
of petroleum, which may contain additives to enhance performance.
Coarse Aggregate
Aggregate which is retained on the No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve.
Cut Back Asphalt
Asphalt binder which has been rendered fluid by fluxing it with a light
volatile petroleum distillate. Upon exposure to atmospheric conditions,
the volatile distillate evaporates, leaving only the asphalt cement which
reverts to its original semi-solid condition. Cut back asphalts are classified
as rapid curing (RC), medium curing (MC), or slow curing (SC).
Emulsion (Asphalt)
A suspension of extremely small droplets of asphalt in water in the
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presence of an emulsifying agent, which usually is a type of soap. Upon
exposure to atmospheric conditions, the water evaporates, leaving only
the asphalt cement which has been modified by the emulsifying agent.
Emulsions are classified as rapid setting (RS or CRS), medium setting (MS
or CMS), or slow setting (SS or CSS).
Job Mix Formula (JMF)
The mix composition of an asphalt concrete approved by the Laboratory.
The job mix formula (JMF) of a mix can be generally obtained from
Marshal Stability Test.
Marshall Mix Design
Volumetric mix design procedure used to establish the optimum Asphalt
binder content for an asphalt concrete.
Prime Coat
An application of asphalt material made on the surface of a pavement
layer for the purpose of binding the surface particles together.
Tack Coat
An application of asphalt material made on a pavement surface for the
purpose of bonding the existing course to the overlying course.
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background The Department of Public Works and Highway, hereinafter referred to as "DPWH" and
Japan International Cooperation Agency, hereinafter referred to as "JICA", agreed in 2006 to implement the project for Improvement of Quality Management for Highway and Bridge Construction and Maintenance, hereinafter called as " Phase I", aiming to enhance the engineering knowledge of the Engineers of DPWH.
For the implementation of the said project, DPWH organized the Joint Coordinating Committee, hereinafter called as "JCC", Technical Working Group, hereinafter called as "TWG" and Counterpart Working group, hereinafter called as "CWG". On its part, JICA dispatched the JICA Technical Cooperation Project Team, hereinafter referred to as "JICA TCP Team" from February 2007 to February 2010.
Under Phase I, the following manuals/guidelines were prepared and issued for road construction and maintenance through the CWG's activities.
* Guidebook for Road Construction and Maintenance Management in the Republic ofthe Philippines,
* Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text and* Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume II: Appendices (Standard
Form, Examples and References)From October 2011 to September 2014, the DPWH and JICA TCP Team -newly
dispatched by JICA - implemented the project for Improvement of Quality Management for Highway and Bridge Construction and Maintenance, Phase II, hereinafter called as " Phase II" to aim further enhancement.
This manual, Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text, Second Edition, was prepared under Phase II through the revision work done by CWG based on the Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text, 1st Edition mentioned above.
The Volume I 1st Edition was a revision of the Road Construction Manual which was published in 1990 and subject to be updated every 5 to 10 years. Thus, it was reviewed and updated in Phase II.
1.2 Purpose Engineers of the DPWH concerned with road construction and management are the main
targets of this Manual. The CWG made efforts to make this Manual 2nd Edition easy to
Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 1 - 1
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understand by the Engineers, hence, it would be an effective tool related to the above areas.
1.3 Outline This Manual serves as reference in order to achieve quality projects within the scheduled
time and budget as specified in the Contract. It includes project management and road construction supervision information and techniques applicable to both development projects and maintenance programs as illustrated below. It covers both locally-funded and foreign-funded projects and programs undertaken by contract and is also useful for maintenance activities undertaken by Administration - Maintenance by Administration (MBA), Design-Bid-Build (DBB) and Design-Build (DB) contracts.
Table 1.1 Classifications of Projects and Programs
Funding Category DPWH Implementing Office
Central Office ROs DEOs
PMOs BOM BOC
Foreign-Funded Projects
(WB, ADB, JICA, etc.)
Development Projects (New Construction/ Upgrading/ Rehabilitation)
ICB Projects
ICB Projects
Maintenance Programs (Preventive & Routine)
LCB Projects
LCB
Projects
Locally-Funded Projects
(GAA, MVUC, etc.)
Development Projects (New Construction/ Upgrading/ Rehabilitation)
LCB Projects
LCB
Projects LCB
Projects
Maintenance Programs (Preventive & Routine)
LCB
Projects LCB
Projects
Legend: ICB: International Competitive Bidding, LCB: Local Competitive Bidding
The Manual is composed of two (2) volumes: a) Volume I - Main Text and b) Volume II
- Sample Forms and Documents.
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Chapter 2 Contracts and Guidelines
2.1 Locally-funded Contract The DPWH conducts the project design thru Force Account or employ Consultants and
procures civil works through bidding. The Contractor executes the project in accordance with the Contract. This type of contract is called as Design-Bid-Build (DBB) Contract.
2.2 Foreign-funded Contract The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), World Bank (WB) and Asian
Development Bank (ADB) are the major partners of the DPWH in its road sector development projects. Likewise, with the assistance of the World Bank, the DPWH has initiated the National Roads Improvement and Management Program (NRIMP) and plans to further enhance/improve the implementation of said program with the assistance and cooperation of JICA and ADB . The following are being adopted in the implementation of the NRIMP:
- Asset Management Approaches - Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance (LTPBM) - Design-Build (DB) Contract - Value Engineering
2.2.1 Asset Management Approach
The asset management approach is effective for sustainability of road facilities and services. Asset management can be defined as a comprehensive and structured approach to the long term management of assets as tools for the efficient and effective delivery of community benefits or systematic process of effectively maintaining, upgrading and operating assets, combining engineering principles with sound business practice and economic rationale. The priority is given to maintenance (preventive and routine maintenance) of the existing facilities rather than new construction as illustrated in the following figure:
Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 1
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Figure 2.1 Asset Management Approach
2.2.2 Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance
The ongoing LTPBM under NRIMP is a contract implementation method applying performance based specifications. The contractor is responsible for keeping road function and quality through maintenance for multiple years after construction. Performance characteristics may include end-result elements such as product strength, bearing capacity, stability, visibility, and crack-free, as well as more functional requirements such as smoothness, friction, noise reduction, chip retention, splash, and spray.
Under NRIMP, the contracts will be predominantly of the hybrid type including rehabilitation and structural overlays with the standard routine and preventive maintenance (both backlog and performance-based) interventions. Shoulder re-grading, side-slope maintenance, side and cross drainage structure cleaning and maintenance, and maintenance of road marking and roadside signs will be part of the performance-based phase. The rehabilitation, structural overlays and other backlog maintenance items to be undertaken in the first year of the contract will be paid on an item-rate basis, and the performance-based component will be paid on a periodic lump-sum basis in relation to specified performance standards and rectification.
(1) Scope of LTPBM Contract
The LTPBM projects under the Road Enhancement and Asset Preservation Management Program (REAPMP) are of a hybrid type, which includes a combination of rehabilitation, preventive maintenance, backlog maintenance, routine maintenance and road safety. Scopes of contract are as follows:
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Table 2.1 Scope of LTPBM Contract Rehabilitation Reconstruction will be applied to paved road sections which are
assessed to be in bad condition. It also involves restoring them to their original condition as designed and constructed. The major works include partial reconstruction, replacement of shattered concrete pavement slabs and Asphalt Concrete (AC) overlay (single or 2 layers) on the existing pavement. The works also include drainage, improvement and slope and scour protection works.
Preventive Maintenance
Asphalt overlay on paved road sections in fair and poor condition to improve surface condition and/or strengthening the existing pavement structures. Thickness of AC overlay will also be planned for roads in good condition as it is expected to deteriorate and subject to fair condition during 5-year contract period.
Backlog Maintenance Restoration of shoulders, reconditioning or provision of new drainage, and minor improvements such as localized slope protection.
Routine Maintenance Maintaining the road condition through routine repairs including pothole patching, sealing of cracks on pavement, shoulder grading, drainage cleaning, vegetation control, road markings maintenance and bridge maintenance.
Road Safety Road safety works include installation of road safety facilities (guard rails, guide posts, warning and information signs), road marking and public information.
(2) Performance Indicators of LTPBM
Performance standards/requirements represent the desired level of performance or output of the of Long Term Performance-Based Maintenace Enhancement (LTPBME) road link, in terms of quality, quantity, timeliness and other aspects of the output and service, against which the actual output will be measured and compared. The objectives of performance standards/requirements are (a) to satisfy the road users in terms of accessibility, comfort, travel speed and safety; (b) to minimize the total road system cost, including cost to road users and the DPWH over the life cycle cost of the assets; and (c) to minimize environmental impacts. The LTPBME roads should aim to achieve good to fair conditions only. The following table indicates road condition categories to be adopted for the LTPBM.
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Table 2.2 Road Condition Category Road
Condition General condition Treatment Measure
Good
New pavement or with slight minor defects (pop-outs, map cracking, partial loss of joint
Little or no maintenance required.
First signs of cracks (all tight); First utility patch; moderate scaling in some locations.
Needs joint and cracking sealing (routine maintenance).
Fair
Moderate to severe scaling/raveling, spalling or rutting over 25% of the surface. Moderate settlement, several narrow cracks
Needs some partial/full depth repairs grinding and/or asphalt overlay to correct surface defects.
Poor
Many cracks, open and severely spalled. Severe faulting, spalling or rutting. Extensive patching in fair to poor condition, Moderate settlement
Needs extensive full depth patching plus some full slab replacement (for concrete).
Bad Extensive cracking severely spalled and patched (in poor condition). Severe and extensive settlements/potholes
Needs to rebuild pavement/total reconstruction.
Table 2.3 International Roughness Index and Road Condition Category Road
Condition
Category
Surface VIC
Ranges in
ROCOND
Asphalt Concrete Cement Concrete Gravel
Range Rep. Value Range Rep. Value Range Rep. Value
Good 3.0 or less 2.5 4.0 or less 3.5 6.0 or less 5.0 1 to 20
Fair 3.1 to 5.0 4.0 4.1 to 6.0 5.0 6.1 to 9.0 7.5 20.1 to 40
Poor 5.1 to 7.0 6.0 6.1 to 8.0 7.0 9.1 to 12.0 10.0 40.1 to 70
Bad > 7.0 8.0 > 8.0 9.0 > 12.0 14.0 70.1 to 100
Source: PMS, DPWH
The intervention IRI for the overlay should be defined based on a pavement deterioration curve reflecting the existing pavement strength and soundness, traffic level and function of the road. Even if the current road condition is good, it would require PM if it accommodates heavy truck traffic. The following table shows typical intervention pattern on LTPBM Road.
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Table 2.4 Typical Intervention Pattern on LTPBM Road
Condition Year
1 2 3 4 5
Good
Fair*1 RM*2
Fair PM
Good RM
Good RM
Good RM
Fair RM
Fair RM
Fair PM
Good RM
Good RM
Good RM
Fair RM
Fair RM
Fair PM
Good RM
Fair Fair PM
Good RM
Good RM
Good RM
Fair RM
Poor Poor RH
Good RM
Good RM
Good RM
Fair RM
Bad Bad RH
Good RM
Good RM
Good RM
Fair RM
*1: Road Condition Category, Good, Fair, Poor and Bad *2: Corresponding Rehabilitation and Maintenance Work (RH: Rehabilitation, PM/O: Preventive Maintenance/Overlay, RM: Routine Maintenance)
(3) Design-Build (DB) Contract
The DPWH has recently introduced DB contract under the WB-financed NRIMP-I and II and will be enhanced under the road sector projects financed by JICA and ADB. The above LTPBM is a new project implementation scheme combined with the DB method as it is able to give the design and construction responsibility to the Design-Build Contractor. The preliminary design is still required for defining the project concept and cost for the DB contract bidding.
Many highway agencies have been experimenting with a wide variety of innovative project delivery strategies aimed at lowering the costs and time to produce highway construction and rehabilitation projects while maintaining or improving project quality. One of these strategies is the DB project delivery. DB is a method of project delivery in which the design and construction phases of a project are combined into one contract, usually awarded on either a low bid or best-value basis. This is in contrast to the more traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB)1 approach having been used in the DPWH that outsourced project design work, or conducted it by own administrative force. The two different contracting efforts must be undertaken in sequence to procure architecture/engineering services.
1 Design-Bid-Build: The DPWH conducts design of road project by Force Account or employing Consultant at first and procures civil works contractor through bidding. After that, the Contractor executes the project in accordance with the contract.
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Section 17.6 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations - Part A (IRR-A) of Republic Act 9184 recognizes the use of design and build scheme in the procurement of infrastructure projects. The following table shows the general advantages and disadvantages of Design-Build Contract.
Table 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Built Contract
Advantages Disadvantages
- One Contractor bears all risks and responsibilities
- Reduced design and construction periods and final project cost
- Assured quality of the structure
- Too much discretion given to Contractor - Difficulty in predicting the final cost - The end result may not exactly be in
accordance with what the procuring entity required
Source: Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB)
The following figure shows sequence of project delivery activity by Contract Approaches, DBB and DB. It is generally said that the DB approach could save overall project implementation time compared with conventional DBB approach.
Source: GPPB Figure 2.2 Sequence of Project Delivery
(4) Value Engineering
Concept Planning
Preliminary Design
Select Design-Builder
Final Project Design & Clearances
Construction
Design-Build Associated Time SavingsMinimal to Extensive Contractor Input
Extensive Contractor Input
Concept Planning
Preliminary Design
Select Designer
Final Project Design & Clearances
ConstructionSelect Contractor
Extensive Contractor Input
Minimal Contractor Input
Design-Bid-Build Scheme
Design-Build Scheme
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Value Engineering is defined as the systematic application of recognized techniques by a multi-disciplined team to identify the function of a product or service, establish a worth for that function, generate alternatives through the use of creative thinking, and provide the needed functions to accomplish the original purpose of the project, reliably, and at the lowest life-cycle cost without sacrificing safety, necessary quality, and environmental attributes of the project.
More simply, it is defined as Value = Function / Cost
Value Engineering is a tool applicable in various stages of project development such as functional analysis, feasibility study and evaluation matrix (multi-criteria matrix). This is more effective in large and/or complicated projects but not for simple and small projects.
2.3 Guidelines, Manuals and Practices 2.3.1 Basic Guidelines and Manuals
The relations of basic guidelines for procurement and project implementation for the road infrastructures under the DPWH are illustrated in the following figure:
Figure 2.3 Procurement and Contract Guidelines The category, name of the documents, version (year issued) and issuing
agency/organization, to be used for the road and bridge projects of DPWH in this manual are
Republic Act (R.A.) 9184_Y2003
Implementing Rule and Regulations Part A (IRR-A) of
R.A.9184 for Locally-funded Projects_Y2004
DPWH Procurement Manual (DPM) for
Locally-funded projects, Volume III _Y2006
Philippine Bidding Documents (PBDs) Part II_Y2005
Implementing Rule and Regulations Part B (IRR-B) of
R.A.9184 for Foreign-funded
Proejcts
Loan Agreement and Procurement
Guide Lines of Funding Bank or
Agency
FIDIC Harmonized Edition for the
Multilateral Development
Banks (MDB)_Y2006
Han
dboo
k on
Phi
lippi
ne
Gov
ernm
ent
Proc
urem
ent (
R.A
.918
4 an
d A
men
ded
IRR
-A o
f R
.A.9
184
)_Y2
007
Foreign-funded Projects Locally-funded Projects
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shown in the following table:
Table 2.6 Reference Guidelines and Manuals Category Name of Documents Issued by Year Issued Remarks
Procurement Handbook on Philippine Government Procurement (R.A.9184 and Amended IRR-A of R.A.9184)
GPPB Sep. 2007 IRR-A is for domestically- funded procurement. IRR-B is for foreign- funded procurement but still under draft
DPWH Procurement Manual for Locally- Funded Infrastructure Projects through Public Bidding
DPWH Jan. 2006 Included Standard Bidding Forms and Bidding Documents
Construction Contract
Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works designed by the Employer (The MDB Construction Contract)
FIDIC Mar. 2007 World Bank and ADB still use 1987/1992 or 1999 edition Construction Contract (Red Book)
Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects
FIDIC 2007 Edition Revision to 1999 Design-Build Conditions of Contract
GCC-Philippine Bid Documents (PBDs)
GPPB May 2005 Part II, Section III-GCC
Standard Specifications 2013, Volume II, Highways, Bridges and Airports (Blue Book)
DPWH 2013
Design Guidelines and Drawings
Volume I&II, Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards (Red Book). Part 1: Survey and Investigation, Part 2: Hydraulic Design, Part 3:Highway Design and Part 4: Bridge Design
DPWH 1989 Under review by BOD/DPWH
Technical Standard and Guidelines for Planning and Design, Volume 1-Flood Control, Volume 3-Erosion & Sediments Control, Volume 4-Natural Slope Failure Countermeasures
PMO-FCSEC & JICA
2003
Guide I - Risk Management, Guide II Inventory Survey and Risk Assessment and Guide III Road Slope Protection
JICA 2007
Standard Drawings for Roads and Bridges
DPWH 1989 Under Review by BOD/DPWH
2.3.2 Standard Procurement and Implementation Guidelines
Republic Act 9184 and the following guidelines shall govern the procurement and implementing contracts for government procurements:
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Table 2.7 DPWH Procurement Manuals
Guidelines2 Content Remarks
1. Handbook on Philippine Government Procurement (4th Edition)
Includes amended IRR-A of R.A. 9184 and Latest GPPB3 issuances
Subject to updating. Concerned Office: *BAC
2. Philippine Bid Documents(PBDs), Procurement of Works, 2nd Edition
Bid procedures and practices of R.A. 9184, harmonized with ADB, JICA and WB4
Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC
3. DPWH Procurement Manual for Locally-funded Infrastructure Project through Public Bidding
Procurement Guidelines, Manuals, Standard Forms, Standard Bid Documents in compliance with IRR-A of R.A.9184
Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC
4. DPWH Procurement Manual for Goods through Public Bidding
Procurement Guidelines for Goods in compliance with IRR-A of R.A. 9184
Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC
*DPWH Bids and Awards Committee (BAC)
Figure 2.4 DPWH Procurement Manuals Cover Pages
The above Philippine Bid Documents (PBDs) include unchanged provisions in Section II
- Eligibility Documents of Part I; and Section I - Instructions to Bidders and Section III - General Conditions of Contract of Part II. Data and provisions specific to each procurement
2 As defined by Federal Highway Administration (FHA), USA 3 GPPB: Government Procurement Policy Board 4 In case of International Competitive Bidding (ICB) funded by ADB, JICA or WB, the use of the respective standard bid documents of these banks shall be required.
Input for Procurement of Goods(Volume II)
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and contract should be included in the Section III - Eligibility Data Sheet of Part I, Section II - Bid Data Sheet, and Section IV - Special Conditions of Contract of Part II.
The DPWH Procurement Manual is the specific manual complying with IRR-A of R.A.9184 but suit the particular needs of the DPWH. The Manual shall be applied to the entire DPWH organizations, including Central, Regional, District Engineering and other offices. Volume 2 shall be used for goods, Volume 3 for infrastructure projects and Volume 4 for consulting services.
2.3.3 International Stand