Rno Hand Alg Huawei

8/10/2019 Rno Hand Alg Huawei

1/53

Huawei TechnologiesCo. Ltd.

Product Version Confidentialitylevel

V100R001 For Internal se

Product !a"e# $C%&' R!P Total (ages# )*

$C%&' R!+ Handover

'lgorith" 'nalysis and

Para"eter Configuration

,uidance

For internal use only

Pre(ared -y# R!P/'!' %ate# 00*11)

Reviewed -y# %ate#

Reviewed -y# %ate#

'((roved -y# %ate#

Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

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WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter

Configuration Guidance For ntanal !se

Revision Record

%ate Rev.

Version

%escri(tion 'uthor

2003/12/15 Initial transmittal Znag Liang

2005/03/16 1.0 Change the date, no content udated. !in"an

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page % of '%


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#a$le o% Contents

"ntroduction((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((()

%Handover Algorithm Analysis((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((()%("Handover Measurement((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((()

%("(" Intra&'re(uenc" )easurement(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((*%("(% Inter&'re(uenc" )easurement((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("&%("(& Inter&*"stem )easurement((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("#%("(# + Internal )easurement((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("'

%(%Handover Algorithms((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("+

%(%(" *o%ter -andover and *o%t -andover lgorithms((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("+%(%(% Intra&'re(uenc" -ard -andover lgorithm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((")%(%(& Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover lgorithm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((")%(%(# Inter&*"stem -andover lgorithm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((",%(%(' -andover Caused $" Load alancing(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((",%(%(+ Cell enalt"((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%-%(%()ctive *et *"nchroniation )aintenance(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%"%(%(* irect Retr" lgorithm((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%%%(%(, rincile %or enerating d4acent Cell List(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%&

&Handover Parameter .etting(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%#

&("Descri/tion(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%#&(%Handover Common Parameters(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%'

&(%(" )aimum um$er o% Cells in ctive *et(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%+&(%(% enalt" #ime((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%+&(%(& vent 6' #rigger #hreshold(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%)&(%(# vent 6 #rigger #hreshold((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%)&(%(' #ime&torigger arameters %or vents 6' and 6((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%*&(%(+ *ervice -andover Rate ecision #hreshold((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%*

&(%() *o%t -andover )ethod *elect *7itch((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%,&(%(* -andover lgorithm *7itches(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&-

&(&ntra$Fre0uency Handover Measurement Algorithm Parameters((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&"

&(&(" *o%t -andover Relative #hresholds(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&"&(&(% *o%t -andover $solute #hresholds((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&%&(&(& Intra&'re(uenc" )easurement 'ilter Coe%%icient 8'ilterCoe%9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&&&(&(# -"steresis Related to *o%t -andover((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&'&(&(' #ime&torigger arameters Related to *o%t -andover(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&+&(&(+ :I-#(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&)&(&() etected *et *tatistics *7itch((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&*

&(#nter$Fre0uency Handover Algorithm Parameters(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&*

&(#(" Inter&'re(uenc" )easurement 'ilter Coe%%icient 8'ilterCoe%9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&*

&(#(% Cell Location roert"((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((&,&(#(& -"steresis Related to Inter&'re(uenc" -andover(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#-&(#(# #ime&torigger arameters Related to Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover((((((((((((((((((((((((((#"&(#(' Comressed )ode na$le/isa$le #hreshold enoted $" R*C((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#%&(#(+ Comressed )ode na$le/isa$le #hreshold enoted $" c/o((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#%&(#() Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover R*C #hreshold(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#&&(#(* Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover c/o #hreshold(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((##

&('inter$system handover measurement algorithm /arameter((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((##

&('(" inter&s"stem measurement %ilter coe%%icient 'ilterCoe%(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((##&('(% Inter&*"stem -ard -andover ecision #hreshold((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#'&('(& Inter&s"stem -ard -andover -"steresis(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#'&('(# #ime&torigger arameter %or Inter&*"stem -ard -andover((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#+

&('(' Inter&*"stem )easurement eriodic Reort Interval(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#+&(+Com/ressed Mode Algorithm Parameter(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#)&(+(" C' ;%%set to na$le Comressed )ode((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#)

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page & of '%


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&(+(% *reading 'actor #hreshold(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#*&()Direct Retry Algorithm Parameter(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#*

&()(" )aimum irect Retr" #imes((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#*&()(% Candidate *et $solute #hreshold((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#,&()(& )inimum c/o


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List o% #a$les

ta1le " Recommended .oft Handover Hysteresis .ettings for Different Movement ./eeds((((((((((((((&'

ta1le % Recommended #ime&torigger *ettings %or i%%erent )ovement *eeds ((((((((((((((((((&+ta1le & Recommended Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover -"steresis *ettings %or i%%erent)ovement *eeds(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#-

ta1le # Recommended Inter&'re(uenc" -ard -andover #ime&torigger *ettings %ori%%erent )ovement *eeds(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((#"

List o% 'igures

'igure 1 )easurement )odel((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((*'igure 2 amle o% vent 1 and #rigger ela"((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((,'igure 3 eriodic Reorting #riggered $" vent 1((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("-'igure = amle o% vent 1C(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((""

'igure 5 amle o% vent 1(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((""'igure 6 Restriction o% measurement reorting $" means o% h"steresis(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("%'igure > amle o% vent 1((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("%'igure ? amle o% vent 11'(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("&'igure @ o7er Control #iming((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%"'igure 10 ))L Client((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%'

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page ' of '%


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$C%&' R!+ Handover 'lgorith" 'nalysis and Para"eterConfiguration ,uidance

Ae" 7ordsB handover algorithm, so%t handover, hard handover, inter&s"stem handover, arameter

setting

$stractB #his document %irst descri$es the measurements involved in the handover algorithms,

and then anal"es the measurement control and decision rules in the imlementation o%

the algorithm o% each t"e o% handover. 'inall", it rovides a detailed guidance %or the

setting o% various t"es o% handover arameters, so that correct and e%%ective handover

arameter ad4ustments can $e carried out $ased on the actual re(uirements during

net7or otimiation.

List o% a$$reviationsB 8;mitted9

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1 Introduction

-andover t"es include so%ter handover, so%t handover, intra&%re(uenc" hard handover,

inter&%re(uenc" hard handover and inter&s"stem hard handover. t"ical handover rocess isB

measurement control measurement reort handover decision handover eecution

ne7 measurement control. ased on the measurement value, handover control method and

handover t"e selection re(uired %or the handover decision, the handover algorithm determines

ho7 the + carr" out handover measurements and reort the measurement result, and then

maes handover decision and guides the handover eecution according to the reorted

measurement result. Handover algorithms largel" resent themselves in the con%iguration o%

measurement control arameters.

In Chater 2, this document discusses the measurement control, reorting rules and related

handover decision algorithms involved in various t"es o% handover. In Chater 3, $ased on the

no7ledge o% the handover algorithms, this document rovides detailed descritions o% the

seci%ic arameter setting methods value assignment recommendations and ranges o% e%%ect o%

the related algorithms o% various t"es o% handover, so as to rovide a clear and ractical

guidance %or arameter ad4ustments in net7or otimiation.

2 Handover 'lgorith" 'nalysis

)o$ilit" management is an imortant art o% radio resource management, 7hile handover

algorithms arethe most imortant art o% mo$ilit" management. handover algorithm involves

such contents as measurement control and handover decision. #here%ore, to anal"e a handover

algorithm, 7e should %irst anal"e handover measurement.

2.1 Handover &easure"ent

#he radio resource management module 8RR)9 initiated measurements include dedicated

measurement and common measurement. ll the measurements in the + are dedicated

measurement. -andover measurement is seci%ic to the h"sical la"er, 7hich rovides

measurement o% various items %or the higher la"ers, so as to trigger various %unctions, including

handover.

#he measurement result 7ill go t7ice through smoothening rocessing. #he %irst rocessing

is in the h"sical la"er, and the urose is to %ilter o%% the in%luence o% %ast %ading $e%ore the

h"sical la"er reorts the measurement result to the higher la"er. #he second rocessing is

imlemented $" the higher la"er on the measurement result reorted $" the h"sical la"er $e%ore

event evaluation. #his rocessing is to determine the %ilter coe%%icient according to the time

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relation and imlemented 7eighted averaging rocessing o% the measurement result. #he latest

measurement result a%ter L3 %iltering is used %or evaluation o% the reorting rule, and as the

reorted result. #he rocess is as %ollo7sB

A D2 C

C3

L1

%iltering

L3

0arameter 0arameter

,valuation

o% reorting%ilteringrule

'igure 1 )easurement )odel

#he reorting t"es include Don&demand reortingE, Deriodic reortingE and Devent triggered

reortingE 8vent to vent '9. enerall", the last t7o t"es o% measurement reorting are

involved in handover.

In the +, measured cells are divided into the %ollo7ing three t"esB

ctive set cellsB Cells in an active set communicate 7ith the + simultaneousl". ctive set

cells re%er to those that are demodulated and correlativel" com$ined at the + and

communicate 7ith the + in the ' mode, namel" in so%t handover and so%ter handover.

Cells in an active set are surel" intra&%re(uenc" cells.

)onitored set cellsB mong the cells included in the ad4acent cell list delivered $" the RC,

some ad4acent cells ma" have alread" entered the active set at the time o% so%t handover,

and the remaining cells are in monitored sets. )onitored sets include intra&%re(uenc"

monitored sets, inter&%re(uenc" monitored sets and inter&s"stem monitored sets.

etected set cellB etected set cells re%er to those cells detected $" the + itsel%, rather than

the cells in the active sets and monitored set.

#he t"es o% measurement involved in handover include intra&%re(uenc" measurement,

inter&%re(uenc" measurement and inter&s"stem measurement, 7hich 7ill $e discussed in the

%ollo7ing aragrahs.

2.1.1 IntraFre2uency &easure"ent

+#R uses the measurement control message to in%orm the + 7hat events need to

trigger measurement reorting. ll intra&%re(uenc" measurement reort events are identi%ied 7ith

1F.

3vent 1'# ' (ri"ary (ilot channel enters the re(orting range

I% the net7or, in the measurement reort mechanism %ield, re(uires the + to reort event

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1 7hile the + has entered the CellGC- state, then 7hen a rimar" ilot channel enters the

reorting range, the + 7ill send a measurement reort.

:hen the measurement values satis%" the %ollo7ing %ormulas, the + deems that a rimar"

ilot channel has entered the reorting rangeB

1. ath lossB

45%67"-4"7"-"- ""

aBest

N

i

iNew HRLogMWMLogWLogMA

++

=

2. ;ther measurement valuesB

45%67"-4"7"-"- ""

aBest

N

i

iNew HRLogMWMLogWLogMA

+

=:here,

MNewis the measurement result o% the cell that has entered the reorting range

Miis the measurement result o% the cells in the active set

NAis the num$er o% cells in the current active set

MBestis the measurement result o% the $est cell in the current active set

Wis the 7eight %actor

Ris the reorting range. :ith the signal strength as an eamle, R e(uals to the signal strength

o% the $est cell in the current active set minus a value

H1ais the h"steresis value o% event 1

In order to reduce the signaling tra%%ic %lo7 o% the measurement reort, the #I)&

#RIR arameter is used so that the + 7ill not trigger measurement reorting $e%ore the

rimar" ilot enters the reorting range and is maintained %or a certain eriod o% time. #his

arameter is also used in other events. n eamle o% measurement reorting triggered $" event

1 is given $elo7B

Re/orting

event "A

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

8ime$to$trigger

P CPCH "Re/orting

range

P CPCH %

P CPCH &

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'igure 2 amle o% vent 1 and #rigger ela"

enerall", i% event 1 is triggered, the + 7ill send a measurement reort to +#R, and

+#R 7ill deliver an C#I


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MBestis the measurement result o% the $est cell in the current active set

Wis the 7eighted %actor

Ris the reorting range

H1ais the h"steresis value o% event 1

I% several cells satis%" the reorting condition simultaneousl" a%ter the trigger dela", the +7ill sort the cells according to the measurement values and reort all the measurement results.

3vent 1C# The (ri"ary (ilot channel in a non active set is -etter than the (ri"ary (ilot

channel in an active set

#his event can $e descri$ed through the %ollo7ing eamleB

Re/orting

event "C

Re/orting

event "C

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

P CPCH %

P CPCH "

P CPCH &

P CPCH #

'igure = amle o% vent 1C

In this eamle, the cells 7here CIC- 1, CIC- 2 and CIC- 3 are $elong to an

active set, 7hile that o% CIC- = does not. #his event is used to relace the oor cells in the

active set, i% the num$er o% cells in the active set reaches or eceeds active set relacement

threshold.

3vent 1%# The -est cell changes

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Re/orting

event "D

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

P CPCH %

P CPCH "

P CPCH&

'igure 5 amle o% vent 1

In order to revent %re(uent triggering o% event 1 due to signal %luctuations 7hen the

channel di%%erence is small, 7hich results in unnecessar" increase o% the air inter%ace signaling

tra%%ic %lo7, 7e can use the h"steresis arameter, as sho7n $elo7B

Hysteresi

Re/orting

event "D

Hysteresis

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

P CCPCH "

P CCPCH %

'igure 6 Restriction o% measurement reorting $" means o% h"steresis

s 7e can see, as the h"steresis condition is not met at the second time, event 1 reorting

is not triggered. #his arameter can also $e used in other events.

3vent 13# The "easure"ent value of a (ri"ary (ilot channel e5ceeds the a-solute

threshold

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A1solute

threshold

Re/orting

event "9

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

P CPCH "

P CPCH %

P CPCH &

'igure > amle o% vent 1

vent 1 can $e used to trigger the measurement reorts o% cells including those detected

$" the + $e%ore it receives the ad4acent cell list.

3vent 1F# The "easure"ent value of a (ri"ary (ilot channel is lower than the a-solute

threshold

A1solute

threshold

Re/orting

event "F

Measurement

0uantity

8ime

P CPCH "

P CPCH %

P CPCH &

'igure ? amle o% vent 11'

2.1.2 InterFre2uency &easure"ent

Inter&%re(uenc" measurement events are identi%ied 7ith 2F. #he %re(uenc" (ualit"

estimation involved in events 2, 2, 2C, 2 and 2 is de%ined as %ollo7sB

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5"-4"7"-"-"

HLogMWMLogWLogMQ jBestj

N

i

jijjcarrierjcarrier

jA

+

==

=

:here,

Qcarrierjis the logarithmic %orm o% the estimated (ualit" value o% %re(uenc" 4

Mcarrier jis the estimated (ualit" value o% %re(uenc" 4

Mi jis the measurement result o% cell i 7ith the %re(uenc" o% 4 in the virtual active set

NA jis the num$er o% cells 7ith the %re(uenc" o% 4 in the virtual active set

MBest jis the measurement result o% the $est cell 7ith the %re(uenc" o% 4 in the virtual active set

Wjis the 7eight %actor

His the h"steresis value

e%ore 7e descri$e events 2, 7e should mae the %ollo7ing t7o concets understoodB

Dnon&used %re(uenc"E re%er to the %re(uenc" that the + needs to measure $ut that is not in the

active set, and Dused %re(uenc"E re%ers to the %re(uenc" that the + needs to measure and that is

in the active set.

3vent '# The -est fre2uency changes

I% the estimated (ualit" value o% the non&used %re(uenc" is $etter than that o% the $est cell in

the used %re(uenc", and the h"steresis value and the Dtime to triggerE conditions are satis%ied,

event 2 7ill $e triggered.

3vent 4# The esti"ated 2uality value of the used fre2uency is lower than a certain

threshold and that of the nonused fre2uency is higher than a certain threshold

I% the estimated (ualit" value o% the used %re(uenc" is lo7er than the threshold de%ined $" I

D#hreshold used %re(uenc"E delivered in the measurement control message, 7hile that o% the

non&used %re(uenc" is higher than the threshold de%ined $" I D#hreshold non&used %re(uenc"E

delivered in the measurement control message, and the h"steresis value and the Dtime to triggerE

condition are satis%ied, event 2 7ill $e triggered.

3vent C# The esti"ated 2uality value of the nonused fre2uency is higher than a

certain threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold non&used %re(uenc"E in the measurement control

message delivered $" +#R.

3vent %# The esti"ated 2uality value of the used fre2uency is lower than a certain

threshold

vent 2 can $e used to ena$le the comressed mode to er%orm inter&%re(uenc"

measurement. #his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold used %re(uenc"E in the measurement

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page "# of '%


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control message delivered $" +#R. #his t"e o% arameters can $e modi%ied through ))L

commands.

3vent 3# The esti"ated 2uality value of the nonused fre2uency is lower than a

certain threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold non&used %re(uenc"E in the measurement control

message delivered $" +#R.

3vent F# The esti"ated 2uality value of the used fre2uency is higher than a certain

threshold

vent 2' can $e used to disa$le the comressed mode to sto inter&%re(uenc"

measurement. #his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold used %re(uenc"E in the measurement

control message delivered $" +#R.

2.1.3 Inter/yste" &easure"ent

Inter&s"stem measurement events are identi%ied 7ith 3F. #he (ualit" estimation o% a +#R

active set involved in events 3, 3, 3C and 3 is de%ined as %ollo7sB

5"-4"7"-"-

"

Best

N

i

iUTRANUTRAN LogMWMLogWLogMQA

+

==

=

:here,QUTRANis the logarithmic %orm o% the estimated (ualit" value o% the +#R %re(uenc" currentl" in

use

MUTRANis the estimated (ualit" value o% the +#R %re(uenc" currentl" in use

Miis the measurement result o% cell i in the active set

NAis the num$er o% cells in the active set

MBestresult is the measurement result o% the $est cell in the active set

Wis the 7eight %actor

3vent *'# The esti"ated 2uality value of the used TR'! fre2uency is lower than a

certain threshold and that of the other syste" is higher than a certain threshold

I% the estimated (ualit" value o% the used +#R %re(uenc" is lo7er than the threshold

de%ined $" I D#hreshold o7n s"stemE delivered in the measurement control message, 7hile that

o% the other s"stem is higher than the threshold de%ined $" I D#hreshold other s"stemE delivered

in the measurement control message, and the h"steresis value and the Dtime to triggerE condition

are satis%ied, event 3 7ill $e triggered.

3vent *4# The esti"ated 2uality value of the other syste" is lower than a certain

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threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold other s"stemE in the measurement control

message.

3vent *C# The esti"ated 2uality value of the other syste" is higher than a certain

threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I D#hreshold other s"stemE in the measurement control

message.

3vent *%# The -est cell in the other syste" changes

2.1.4 3 Internal &easure"ent

#7o + internal measurement events are involved in the handover algorithmsB 6' and 6.

3vent 6F# The ti"e difference -etween downlin7 receiving and u(lin7 trans"ission of

the 3 is -igger than an a-solute threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied in I D+ R time di%%erence thresholdE delivered $" +#R.

3vent 6,# The ti"e difference -etween downlin7 receiving and u(lin7 trans"ission of

the 3 is s"aller than an a-solute threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied in I D+ R time di%%erence thresholdE delivered $" +#R.

2.2 Handover 'lgorith"s

#his section 7ill descri$er the handover&related algorithms alread" suorted $" RC


17/53



29 %ter event 1 or 1 is received, i% the num$er o% cells in the active set is 3, no

rocessing 7ill $e imlemented.

39 :hen neither the relative threshold nor the a$solute threshold 8event 1 and 1'9 is

satis%ied, it is deemed as the trigger condition %or removing a so%t handover $ranch.

=9 I% handover is triggered 7hen either event 1 or event 1' is received, $ut the triggered

cell is the $est cell, then no rocessing 7ill $e made.

59 :hen the + active set is %ull, event 1 and event 1 reorting is stoed, and event 1C

reorting starts

69 vent 1C is the trigger condition %or cell relacement in the active set.

>9 vent 1 occurs in the active set cell, and measurement control changes, $ased on the

$est cell oeration algorithm.

?9 vent 1 occurs in the monitored set cell, and this cell is added into the active set. I% the

active set is %ull, remove an" cell among non&$est cells and then add the reorted $est cell, and

mar it as the $est cell. %ter success%ul oeration, the measurement control change rocess is

started.

2. Relative threshold algorithm

19 :hen event 1 reort is received, i% the active set is not %ull, then lins are se(uenced

and added in the order o% good (ualit" to oor (ualit" 8CIC- c/o9 8in case that multile cells

reort event 19, until the active set is %ullH i% the active set is alread" %ull, no rocessing 7ill $e

made.

29 :hen event 1 is received, i% there are more than one lins in the active set, then the

$raches are se(uenced and removed in the order o% oor (ualit" to good (ualit" 8CIC- c/o9

8in case that multile cells reort event 19, until onl" one lin is le%tH i% there is onl" one in the

active set, no rocessing 7ill $e made.

39 In case o% event 1C, the + 7ill reort the relacing and relaced cells in the event

trigger list. I% the active set is not %ull, then the triggered cell lin 7ill $e addedH i% the active set is

alread" %ull at this moment and the relaced cell is not the $est cell in the active set, then this cell

lin 7ill $e removed.

=9 In case o% event 1, i% the triggered cell is an active set cell, then it 7ill $e mared as the

$est cell and measurement control is udatedH i% the triggered cell doe not $elong to the active

set, then this cell lin 7ill $e added 8i% the active set is %ull, one o% the non&$est cell 7ill $e

removed $e%ore this lin is added9 and mared as the $est cell, 7ith measurement control

udated.

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2.2.2 IntraFre2uency Hard Handover 'lgorith"

Intra&%re(uenc" hard handover 7ill occur in t7o casesB 1, handover $et7een intra&%re(uenc"

ad4acent cells that $elong to di%%erent RCs, $et7een 7hich no Iur inter%ace is availa$leH 2,

handover o% high&rate * est %%ort services that eceeds the rate threshold, $ecause too much

%or7ard caacit" 7ill $e occuied i% so%t handover is adoted in this case.

vent 1 is used as the 4udgment criterion %or event intra&%re(uenc" hard handover.

amel", the event 1 triggered cell acts as the target cell o% the handover.

2.2.3 InterFre2uency Hard Handover 'lgorith"

1. asic concets

Carrier coverage verge cellB a cell located at the outmost verge o% a carrier coverage area.

#he characteristic is that the cell does have an intra&%re(uenc" ad4acent cell in a certain direction.

Carrier coverage center cellB a cell other than carrier coverage verge cells. #he

characteristic is that the cell has intra&%re(uenc" ad4acent cells in all directions.

In a carrier coverage verge cell, 7hen the + moves to7ards the direction in 7hich the cell

has no intra&%re(uenc" ad4acent cell, the CIC- c/o changes slo7l" $ecause CIC- R*C

has the same seed 7ith the %ading o% inter%erence. *imulation sho7s that CIC- c/o can still

reach &12d or so 7hen CIC- R*C is alread" lo7er than the demodulation threshold 8a$out

&110dm9. t this moment, the inter&%re(uenc" handover algorithm $ased on CIC- c/o

measurement has actuall" %ailed. #here%ore, %or a carrier coverage verge cell, it is more suita$le

and more e%%icient to use CIC- R*C as the inter&%re(uenc" measurement (uantit".

'or a carrier coverage center cell, CIC- R*C can also $e used as the inter&%re(uenc"

measurement (uantit", $ut CIC- c/o can $etter re%lect the actual lin communication (ualit"

and the load situation o% the cell.

2( na$ling/disa$ling inter&%re(uenc" measurement

ecause inter&%re(uenc" measurement ma" use the comressed mode, 7hich usuall"

a%%ects the lin (ualit" and s"stem caacit", 7e generall" hoe that inter&%re(uenc" measurement

is not ena$led unless necessar". Currentl", RC


19/53



c/o or R*C measurement (uantit" and thresholds 7ill $e adoted resectivel" according to

the location roert" o% the $est cell in the active set 8carrier coverage center or carrier coverage

verge as reviousl" descri$ed9. I% the measurement (uantit" is lo7er than the ena$ling

threshold , event 2 7ill $e reorted, and inter&%re(uenc" measurement 7ill $e ena$led through

decisionH i% the active set (ualit" rises and $ecomes higher than the disa$ling threshold, then

event 2' reorting 7ill $e triggered and inter&%re(uenc" measurement 7ill $e stoed.

3( Inter&%re(uenc" hard handover decision

resentl", the eriodic measurement reorting mode is used %or inter&%re(uenc"

measurement. In RC


20/53



=9 'or inter&s"stem handover, CIC- R*C is used as the h"sical measurement (uantit"

and events 2 and 2' are used to decide ena$ling or disa$ling the comressed mode.

59 'or inter&s"stem handover, three comressed mode st"le se(uences are used %or

concurrent measurement o% *) R**I, *IC identi%ication and *IC recon%irm, and thecon%iguration o% arameters is oriented to the cell t"e, namel", the arameters can $e selected

and con%igured $ased on the cell characteristics and user mo$ilit" statistics characteristics.

69 eriodic measurement reorts are used %or inter&s"stem handover, and the RC decides

7hether to imlement hard handover according to the measurement reorts.

2.2.5 Handover Caused -y Load 4alancing

:hen the loads o% the ad4acent cells $ecome un$alanced, the load control algorithm 7ill

$alance the loads $et7een the ad4acent cells through handover. enerall", the algorithm

imlements load $alancing $" changing the o7er o% the common ilot channel $et7een

ad4acent cells. *ince handover algorithms o$tain the c/o o% the common ilot channel o%

ad4acent cells through the measurement $" the +, 7hile the handover thresholds o% various

cells are also o$tained through the RC data$ase, the load $alancing control algorithm is

transarent to handover algorithms, 7ithout an" direct inter%ace in $et7een.

:hen the loads $ecome un$alanced among cells o% di%%erent %re(uencies in the same ode

, the er%ormance o% the entire s"stem ma" deteriorate. In this case, the load control algorithm

7ill noti%" the handover algorithm to s7itch some +s on heav"&load carries onto light&load

carriers thus to $alance the loads. t this time, the load control entit" selects the seci%ic +s.

+on selecting the +s, the load control entit" sends the source cell in%ormation and the target

cell in%ormation to the selected +sJ -andover Control entities , and 7hat the handover entit"

should to do is 4ust to give out the handover command $ased on the message it has received.

Load $alancing $et7een di%%erent odes is transarent to the handover algorithm.

#here%ore, 7e mainl" anal"e handover re(uests caused $" load $alancing $et7een di%%erent

carriers in the same coverage area. In this ind o% handover, the handover entit" actuall" does

not mae an" seci%ic decision, $ut it onl" D%or7ardsE the decision command made $" the load

control entit". In this ind o% handover, t7o rinciles are %ollo7ed %or + selectionB

819 +s in so%t handover are not selected. *ince the target cellJs s"nchroniation in%ormation

ma" $e unavaila$le, the timming re&initiation hard handover rocedure is used here. s RC


21/53



829 +s 7ith inconsistent *RC and CRC are not selected, $ecause this ind o% trans%er

involves signaling inter7oring on the Iur inter%ace, 7hile the Iur is an oen inter%ace, 7ithout this

t"e o% signaling.

+on receiving the load trans%er signaling, the handover entit" %irst imlements handoverdecision to 4udge 7hether the t7o conditions reviousl" mentioned are satis%ied. I% so, it 7ill

roceed 7ith the net ste o% rocessingH other7ise, it 7ill re4ect the re(uest and indicate the

reason.

2.2.6 Cell Penalty

#he urose o% cell enalt" caused $" handover %ailure is to revent the handover algorithm

%rom deciding again on the handover o% this + to a cell that alread" has no more caacit". Inorder to avoid maing redundant 4udgments, in case o% a handover %ailure 8including so%t

handover and hard handover9, the involved + 7ill $e restricted %rom initiating an" %urther

handover re(uest to the same cell 7ithin the enalt" time, and the event eriodic reorting

interval is re(uired to $e e(ual to the enalt" time. #hus, a%ter a handover %ailure, on one hand

enalt" is eerted on the target cell involved in the handover %ailure, and on the other the eriodic

reorting interval is made e(ual to the enalt" time, so that large 7aste o% rocessing caa$ilit"

is avoided.

#he Connection&oriented cell enalt" algorithm is as %ollo7sB

819 #he cell enalt" algorithm is to den" an" handover access to the cell in enalt" 7ithin

the seci%ied eriod o% time, namel", the involved + is not allo7ed to initiate an" %urther

handover re(uest to this cell. #he enalt" %lag is set to 1H

829 %ter the enalt" time eires, the enalt" is released, and the enalt" %lag is set to 0.

2.2.7 'ctive /et /ynchroni8ation &aintenance

ccording to the 25.21= rotocol, %rom the do7nlin receiving moment o% the + to the

corresonding ulin transmission moment, there should $e a 102=&chi dela", so as to ensure

the normal 1&slot ulin and do7nlin o7er control, as sho7n $elo7B

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %" of '%


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Data%Data"

;"5% 8he .R measurement /eriods illustrated here are e6 8102=M1=?9 chis, the +&end rocessing time 7ill $e reduced,

and, as result, it 7ill $e liel" that the do7nlin 1&slot o7er control cannot $e guaranteedH 7hen

the R time di%%erence is greater than 11>2 8102=1=?9 chis, the ode&end rocessing 7ill$e reduced, and it 7ill $e liel" that the ulin 1&slot o7er control cannot $e guaranteed.

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %% of '%


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#here are t7o + internal measurement events %or the measurement o% the rotocol&

rovided s"nchroniation maintenance in%ormationB event 6' and event 6, as descri$ed

reviousl".

lgorithm descritionB

a9 %ter the + enters the CLLGC- state, the algorithm ena$les the + to reort event

6' and event 6 through measurement control.

$9 #he thresholds, dela"s and h"steresis values o% events 6' and 6 are used as algorithm

arameters, 7hich can $e ad4usted through $acground con%iguration.

c9 ;nce event 6' or event 6 occurs on a radio lin, the net7or side 7ill release this radio

lin.

9 #he cell 7ith its lin released ma" retrigger other events and then ne7 RL could $e

added to the active set.

2.2.8 %irect Retry 'lgorith"

:hen the + re(uests to leave the IL mode and enter the C;C#I; mode, i% the

admission %ails, another $est cell 7ill $e selected %or an access attemt $ased on the RC-

measurement reort reviousl" reorted $" the +. *uch an access attemt is called direct retr".

#he direct retr" algorithm needs the %ollo7ing arametersB

19 R)aum$erB the maimum direct retr" times %or each direct retr" candidate cell

29 RC*#hresholdB a $asic threshold %or entering the candidate set

39 )aRelating#imeB the maimum time that the RC- measurement reort can continue

to $e used

=9 Linear'actorB the linear %actor %or the relative threshold and time interval during candidate

set screening

59 )in*ignalRe(uiredB $asic access threshold.

lgorithm descritionB

819 #he direct retr" algorithm is e%%ective onl" 7hen the + initiates RRC setu re(uest.

829 #he direct retr" algorithm $u%%ers the cell measurement value in the RC- measurement

reort o% the +, deletes the originall" saved cell measurement in%ormation a%ter the RC

receives a ne7 RC- measurement reort, $u%%ers the cells o% 7hich the measurement signal

CIC- c/o is greater than )in*ignalRe(uierd 8$asic access threshold9, and records the

reorting time.

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %& of '%


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839 :hen the + initiates an RRC setu re(uests, i% the connection setu %ails, the RC 7ill

choose a ne7 cell 7ith the $est (ualit" %or a %urther access attemt $ased on the cell

measurement in%ormation in the RC- measurement reort carried in the RRC C;C#I;

R!+*# message, until all the availa$le cells 8candidate cells9 %ail and the num$er o% attemts

reaches the maimum retr" times.

8=9 Candidate cells are iced u as %ollo7sB

19 Read the current s"stem time, calculate the $u%%ering time o% the cell measurement value,

and discards the cells o% 7hich the $u%%ering time is $igger than )aRelating#ime

29 ased on the measurement value in the $u%%ered RC- reort and the Linear'actor,

convert the estimated value o% the current cell signal (ualit"B cell measurement value 8CIC-

c/o9 M $u%%er time 8s9 N Linear'actor 8d/s9

39 ut the cells o% 7hich the estimated (ualit" value is greater than RC*#hreshold into

the candidate set o% the direct retr" algorithm.

859 Retr" 7ith the cell having the $est estimated (ualit" %rom the candidate set cells. I% retr"

%ails, continue to retr", until the num$er o% attemts reaches the maimum retr" times

8R)aum$er9.

2.2.9 Princi(le for ,enerating 'd9acent Cell List

#here are t7o ad4acent cell list control methodsB

1(d4acent cell list control method $ased on the $est cell

:hen the ad4acent cell list is controlled $ased on the $est cell, the $asic olic" is as %ollo7sB

819 I% there onl" one cell, the ad4acent cell list 7ill $e controlled $ased on this cellH

829 I% a cell is added $" event 1, a%ter it is success%ull" added, the ad4acent cell list 7ill $e

controlled $ased on this cellH

839 I% a cell is added $" an event other than event 1, the ad4acent cell list 7ill not $e

changedH

8=9 I% the $est cell has not $een removed, the ad4acent cell list 7ill not $e changedH

859 I% the $est cell has $een removed, a ne7 $est cell 7ill $e selected $ased on the

in%ormation o$tained during the removal action, and the ad4acent cell list 7ill $e modi%ied a%ter

success%ul removal o% the $est cellH

869 I% event 1 occurs on a cell in the active set, the ad4acent cell list 7ill $e modi%ied.

8>9 #his method is relative simle, $ut is ma" $ring the ro$lem o% inaccurate control %or

+s under the macro diversit".

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %# of '%


25/53



2( Control method $ased on all the cells in the active set

control method that can tae the ad4acent cells o% all the cells in the active set is a good

olic". #he ad4acent cell list is generated $" means o% the %ollo7ing methodB

*te 1B dd active set cellsH

*te 2B dd the common ad4acent cells o% the cells o% all the active sets 83 active sets9 into

the ad4acent cell list. I% there are more than 32 ad4acent cells a%ter this action, remove randoml"

cells added in this steH

*te 3B dd the common ad4acent cells o% ever" t7o active set cells into the ad4acent cell

list. I% there are more than 32 ad4acent cells a%ter this action, remove randoml" cells added in this

steH

*te =B Consider adding the common ad4acent cells o% each active set cell into the ad4acent

cell list, starting %rom the ad4acent cells o% the $est cell. I% there are more than 32 ad4acent cells

a%ter this action, remove cells $" starting %rom the 7orst cell.

oteB #he RC


26/53



'igure 10 ))L Client

ccording to the %unctioning scoe, handover algorithm arameter con%iguration commands

are divided into categoriesB RC&oriented glo$al arameter con%iguration and cell&oriented

arameter con%iguration.

-andover common arameter con%iguration is RC&oriented glo$al arameter setting.

oth RC&oriented setting commands and cell&oriented setting commands are availa$le %or

the con%iguration o% intra&%re(uenc" handover measurement algorithm arameters, inter&

%re(uenc" handover measurement algorithm arameters and inter&s"stem handover

measurement algorithm arameters. enerall", the ad4ustments o% these arameters during

net7or otimiation are all cell&oriented settings, 7hile RC&oriented glo$al arameter

con%iguration commands %acilitate modi%ication o% 7hole&net7or handover arameters. 'or one

same arameter, the cell&oriented command has higher riorit".

3.2 Handover Co""on Para"eters

3.2.1 &a5i"u" !u"-er of Cells in 'ctive /et

%efinition

)aCellInctive*et, maimum num$er o% cells in the active set

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %+ of '%


27/53



/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer81..39

$or7ing range

Integer81..39

Reco""ended value

3

4alance in setting

)odi%ication o% value is not recommended.

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set

hoco""H to vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst

hoco"".

3.2.2 Penalty Ti"e

%efinition

enalt"#ime, cell enalt" time arameter, as descri$ed in *ection 2.2.6.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer81..2559, s.

$or7ing range

Integer81..609

Reco""ended value

30, namel" the enalt" time is 30 seconds

4alance in setting

#he setting o% this arameter is related to tra%%ic statistics. ccording to the general tra%%ic

statistics result, the average duration o% a call is 60s, so the actual value range o% this

arameter is 1 to 60 seconds. I% this value is too small, the resources 7ill not $e timel"

released, and there%ore the enalt" is meaninglessH i% this value is too $ig, radio lins 7ill

%ail to $e timel" added, and this is $ad %or lin !o* imrovement.

&odification:2uery



hoco"".

3.2.3 3vent 6F Trigger Threshold

%efinition

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %) of '%


28/53



R#to#rig6', the trigger threshold o% event 6'. amel", i% the time interval $et7een the

+Js do7nlin receiving and the corresonding ulin transmission is greater than this

a$solute threshold, event 6' 7ill $e triggered.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer8>6?..12?09, chi.

$or7ing range

Integer8102=..12?09chi

Reco""ended value

11>2

4alance in setting

#he value o% this arameter should not $e too close to 102=H other7ise radio lins 7ill $e

removed too earl". It is recommended that this arameter $e ad4usted 7ithin the range o%

11>2K3 chis. #o guarantee the 1&slot o7er control, decrease the value o% this arameterH

other7ise, it could $e increased.

&odification:2uery



hoco"".

3.2.4 3vent 6, Trigger Threshold

%efinition

R#to#rig6, a$solute threshold %or triggering event 6.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer8>6?..12?09, chi.

$or7ing range

Integer8>6?..102=9chi

Reco""ended value

?>6

4alance in setting

#he value o% this arameter should not $e too close to 102=H other7ise radio lins 7ill $e

removed too earl". It is recommended that this arameter $e ad4usted 7ithin the range o%

?>6K3 chis. #o guarantee the 1&slot o7er control, increase the value o% this arameterH

other7ise, it could $e increased.

&odification:2uery

"#$"%$"& Confidential Page %* of '%


29/53





hoco"".

3.2.5 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eters for 3vents 6F and 6,%efinition

#ime&to&trigger arameters %or event 6' and event 6, including #rig#ime6' and

#rig#ime6.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

num80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0, 320, 6=0,

12?0, 2560, 50009, ms.$or7ing range

num80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0, 320, 6=0, 12?0, 2560, 50009ms

Reco""ended value

2=0.

4alance in setting

+ R time di%%erence t"e1 is measured once er 100ms, 7ith measurement accurac"

$eing 1.5 chis. #o avoid 7rong 4udgment caused $" measurement errors o% the +, a

dela" can $e set in the event trigger time, so that the + can er%orm measurement at

least t7ice %or 4udgment. #he time dela" on internal rocessing shall also $e taen into

consideration. :e recommend that this arameter $e set at 2=0ms.

&odification:2uery



hoco"".

3.2.6 43 /ervice Handover Rate %ecision Threshold

%efinitionitRate#hd. :hen the * service rate eceeds this threshold, intra&%re(uenc" hard

handover 7ill $e imlementedH 7hen it is lo7er than this threshold, so%t handover 7ill $e

imlemented.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

num 8?, 32, 6=, 12?, 1==, 256, 3?=9, corresonding to 8?, 32, 6=, 12?,

1==, 256, 3?=9 $s.

$or7ing range

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num8?,32,6=,12?,1==,256,3?=9

Reco""ended value

6=.

4alance in setting

It is the rate decision threshold deciding 7hether so%t handover is to $e imlemented %or

the service. :hen the maimum rate o% the service transmission channel is smaller

than this threshold, the s"stem 7ill er%orm so%t handover %or the service user so as to

ensure the !o* %or the userH 7hen the maimum rate o% the service transmission

channel eceeds this threshold, the s"stem 7ill imlement intra&%re(uenc" hard handover

%or the service user so as to revent ecessive in%luence on the s"stem caacit" caused

$" so%t handover.

&odification:2uery



hoco"".

3.2.7 /oft Handover &ethod /elect /witch

%efinition

*-;)echod, used to select the loose&mode algorithm or the relative threshold algorithm

%or so%t handover decision.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

num8*-;G)#-;1, *-;G)#-;29, so%t handover algorithm 1, so%t handover

algorithm 2

$or7ing range

num8*-;G)#-;1, *-;)#-;29

Reco""ended value

*o%t handover algorithm 2.

4alance in setting

lgorithm 1 is the loose&mode algorithm that adds a cell into the active set no matter the

cell triggers event 1 or event 1, and removes a cell onl" a%ter it triggers $oth event 1

and event 1' simultaneousl". lgorithm 2 is the relative threshold algorithm, 7hich does

not involve events 1 and 1'. It adds a cell into the active set as soon as it triggers event

1, and removes a cell %rom the active set as soon as it triggers event 1.

&odification:2uery



hoco"".

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3.2.8 Handover 'lgorith" /witches

%efinition

#his arameter de%ines the s7itches o% various algorithms related to connection&oriented

handover. #he seci%ic algorithm arameters can %unction onl" a%ter the corresonding

algorithm s7itches $eing ena$led.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

32 $its, 0O=2@=@6>2@5H each $it can $e set at 0 or 1 to control a handover algorithm.

Currentl" there are the 1> handover algorithm s7itches, arranged as %ollo7s %rom the

lo7est $it to the highestB

*o%t handover

Comressed mode maintenance algorithm at so%t handover s"nchroniation

Intra&%re(uenc" hard handover

Inter&%re(uenc" hard handover

3&2 inter&s"stem hard handover

2&3 inter&s"stem hard handover

Comressed mode

+lin comressed mode

6 P 6' measurement

Cell enalt"

Location

R## enhanced location

Relocation

Relocation $ased on time dela" otimiation

Relocation $ased on Iur transmission resource otimiation

C* + relocation $ased on Iur transmission resource otimiation

irect retr"

$or7ing range

Integer80O32>6>9

Reco""ended value

115@, namel" 00000010010000111B

*o%t handover Q ;n ;1H

$, i% the cell covers su$ur$s, the intra&%re(uenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 6H

c, i% the cell covers rural area, the intra&%re(uenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 3.

#a$le 1 'ilter Coe%%icient vs. Intra&'re(uenc" #racing #ime

'ilter

coe%%icient

0 1 2 3 = 5 6 > ? @ 11

Iteration

times

1 2 3 5 > 10 15 21 30 =2 ?5

#he ta$le a$ove lists the iteration times re(uired 7hen di%%erent %ilter coe%%icients

are used to o$tain ?5S o% the %inal outut value. ccording to 25.133, in the

CLLGC- state, L1 reorts the intra&%re(uenc" measurement result to L3 at a

c"cle o% 200ms. :hen the iteration times are su$stituted 7ith Intra&%re(uenc"

tracing time, the ta$le a$ove 7ill $ecomeB

'ilter

coe%%icient

0 1 2 3 = 5 6 > ? @ 11

Intra&

%re(uenc"

tracing

time 8s9

0.2 0.= 0.6 1 1.= 2 3 =.2 6 ?.= 1>

&odification:2uery

#o imlement cell&oriented settings, use the commands add:"od:r"v:lst cellintrafre2ho.

;ther7ise, use the RC&oriented glo$al settings con%igured 7ith the command set:lst

intrafre2hoas the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.3.4 Hysteresis Related to /oft Handover

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%efinition

-"steresis %or event triggering, including -"st%or1, -"st%or1, -"st%or1C, -"st%or1,

-"st%or1 and -"st%or1'

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

Integer80..159 , corresonding to 0..>.5dH con%iguration ste 180.5d9

$or7ing range

ta1le " Recommended Soft Handover Hysteresis Settings for Different Movement Speeds

*eed 8m/h9 Range Recommended


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%efinition

#ime&to&trigger arameters, including #rig#ime1, #rig#ime1, #rig#ime1C, #rig#ime1,

#rig#ime1 and #rig#ime1', corresonding to the si events %or intra&%re(uenc"

measurement resectivel".

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

num80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0, 320, 6=0,

12?0, 2560, 50009, corresonding to 80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0,

320, 6=0, 12?0, 2560, 50009ms

$or7ing range

num80, 200, 2=0, 6=0, 12?0, 2560, 50009

Reco""ended value

ta1le % Recommended #ime&torigger *ettings %or i%%erent )ovement *eeds

*eed 8m/h9 Range 8ms9 Recommended value 8ms9

5 6=0, 12?0 12?0

50 2=0, 6=0 6=0

120 2=0, 6=0 6=0

#"ical con%iguration 6=0, 12?0 6=0

4alance in setting

*imulation sho7s that the setting o% the h"steresis value can e%%ectivel" reduce the

average handover times and mis&handover times, and thus can revent the occurrence o%

un7anted handover. #he $igger the h"steresis value is, the less the average handover

timers 7ill $e. -o7ever, the increase o% the h"steresis value 7ill $ring more riss o% call

dro. It is stiulated in #* 25.133


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latter t"e o% events, the time&to&trigger setting can $e roerl" $ig. 'or events that remove

cells %rom the active set 8event 1and event 1'9, the time&to&trigger value is set mainl" to

reduce ing&ong handoverH the initial setting can $e the same as that %or event 1 and

event 1, and can $e roerl" ad4usted $ased on the actual net7or statistics result.

&odification:2uery


;ther7ise, use the RC&oriented glo$al settings con%igured 7ith the command set


3.3.6 $3I,HT

%efinition

:eighted %actor 8see %ormulas on *ection 2.1.19

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

Integer80..209, corresonding to 0..2H steB 0.1

$or7ing range

Integer80..109

Reco""ended value

10, namel" 14alance in setting

#his arameter is used to determine the so%t handover relative threshold $ased on the

measurement value o% each cell in the active set. #he $igger this arameter is, the higher

the relative threshold o$tained under the same condition 7ill $e. :hen :0, the

determination o% so%t handover relative threshold is related to onl" the $est cell in the

active set.

&odification:2uery

#o imlement cell&oriented settings, use the commands add:"od:r"v:lst cellintrafre2ho.;ther7ise, use the RC&oriented glo$al settings con%igured 7ith the command set


3.3.7 %etected /et /tatistics /witch

%efinition

etect*tat*7itch, used to control 7hether the + measurement reort contains the

in%ormation o% cells in the detected set, so as to rovide statistics data %or %uture net7or

otimiation.

/co(e

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er RC/CLL

Range and unit

num8;, ;''9

$or7ing range

num8;,;''9

Reco""ended value

;''

4alance in setting

In the $eginning o% net7or oeration, 7hen "ou are not a$solutel" sure a$out the ad4acent

cell con%iguration, this s7itch can $e set to ; so that missed ad4acent cells can $e

detected and thus handover can $e smoothl" imlemented. %ter net7or otimiation, this

s7itch can $e set to ;''.

&odification:2uery




3.4 InterFre2uency Handover 'lgorith" Para"eters

3.4.1 InterFre2uency &easure"ent Filter Coefficient ;FilterCoef, ?, @, 11, 13, 15, 1>, 1@9, corresonding

to 80, 1, 2, 3, =, 5, 6, >, ?, @, 11, 13, 15, 1>, 1@9

$or7ing range

num80, 1, 2, 3, =, 5, 6, >, ?9Reco""ended value

=, namel" =

4alance in setting

*ee *ection 3.=.1. #he $igger this arameter value is, the $etter the signal %iltering e%%ect

7ill $e, and the stronger the anti&%ading caa$ilit" 7ill $e, $ut the 7eaer the signal tracing

caa$ilit" 7ill $e.

&odification:2uery

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#o imlement cell&oriented settings, use the commands add:"od:r"v:lst cellinterratho.


interrathoas the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.5.2 Inter/yste" Hard Handover %ecision Threshold%efinition

*)Rssi#hd, namel" the R**I threshold re(uired %or handover to the *) s"stem.

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

Integer80..639, corresonding relationB 81B&110H 2B&10@H ...H 63B&=? 9 dm.

$or7ing range

Integer80..639Reco""ended value

26, namel" &?5dm

4alance in setting

#he (ualit" re(uirement %or inter&s"stem cells during inter&s"stem handover. oteB E0E in

the arameter value range means the value is smaller than &110dm. #his value should $e

ad4usted according to the actual net7or situation.

&odification:2uery



interrathoas the con%iguration %or the concerned cell

3.5.3 Intersyste" Hard Handover Hysteresis

%efinition

-"st#hd, inter&s"stem hard handover h"steresis.

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unitInteger80..159, corresonding to 0..>.5dH con%iguration steB 180.5d9

$or7ing range

Integer80..159

Reco""ended value

=82d9

4alance in setting

#his arameter and the inter&s"stem (ualit" threshold 4ointl" decide 7hether to trigger a

inter&s"stem handover decision. #his value can $e roerl" decreased in areas 7ith small

shado7 %ading and roerl" increased in areas 7ith $ig shado7 %ading.

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&odification:2uery




3.5.4 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eter for Inter/yste" Hard Handover

%efinition

#ime#o#rig'or*"s-o, time to trigger

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

num80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0, 320, 6=0,

12?0, 2560, 50009, corresonding to 80, 10, 20, =0, 60, ?0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2=0,320, 6=0, 12?0, 2560, 50009ms

#he value range o% #ime#o#rig'or*"s-o is 0 to 6=000ms

$or7ing range

num80, 200, 2=0, 6=0, 12?0, 2560, 50009

Reco""ended value

5000

4alance in setting

I% the inter&s"stem (ualit" satis%ies the decision condition %or inter&s"stem handover 7ithin

the time seci%ied $" this arameter, the net7or 7ill start the inter&s"stem handover

rocess. 'or cells 7here there are more high&seed moving mo$ile stations, this value can

$e relativel" small, 7hile %or cells 7here there are more lo7&seed moving mo$ile stations,

this value can $e relativel" $ig. #he setting can $e roerl" ad4usted $ased on the actual

net7or statistics result.

&odification:2uery




3.5.5 Inter/yste" &easure"ent Periodic Re(ort Interval

%efinition

RtInterval, the time interval at 7hich the + reorts the inter&s"stem measurement result

to the RC.

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

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num8250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, =000, 6000, ?000, 12000, 16000,

20000, 2=000, 2?000, 32000, 6=0009 ,corresonding to the h"sical range o% 8250,

500, 1000, 2000, 3000, =000, 6000, ?000, 12000, 16000, 20000, 2=000, 2?000, 32000,

6=0009 ms

$or7ing range

num8250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, =000, 6000, ?000, 12000, 16000,

20000, 2=000, 2?000, 32000, 6=0009

Reco""ended value

1000

4alance in setting

I% the value this arameter is too $ig, the measurement result ma" %ail to $e timel"

reorted, and thus the $est handover chance ma" $e missed, resulting in handover %ailure.

I% the value o% this arameter is too small, the measurement result 7ill $e %re(uentl"

reorted, resulting in increase o% the signaling $urden o% the s"stem.

&odification:2uery




3.6 Co"(ressed &ode 'lgorith" Para"eter

3.6.1 CF! +ffset to 3na-le Co"(ressed &ode

%efinition

eltaC'. In order to ensure that the + and the ode ena$le the comressed mode

simultaneousl", the dela" o% the comressed mode ena$ling moment in relation to the

current rocessing moment should $e reset.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unitInteger80..2559 , %rame

$or7ing range

Integer80..2559%rame

Reco""ended value

?0

4alance in setting

#he value o% this arameter deends on the sum o% the maimum dela" in the

transmission o% signaling %rom the RC to the + and ode and hard7are rearation

time re(uired to start the comressed mode, and it is generall" $et7een 500 and 1500ms.

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In :C), the duration o% one %rame is 10ms, so the recommended value o% this

arameter is $et7een 50 and 150.

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set c"cfH to

vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst c"cf.

3.6.2 /(reading Factor Threshold

%efinition

*'#urnoint, a arameter used to select the comressed mode imlementation method.

:hen the sreading %actor used in the do7nlin is greater than or e(ual to this arameter,

the comressed mode 7ill $e imlemented in riorit" $" means o% the sreading %actor

minus hal%H other7ise the comressed mode 7ill $e imlemented $" means o% the

unching method in riorit"./co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

num8=,?,16,32,6=,12?,2569, corresonding to =,?,16,32,6=,12?,256

$or7ing range

num8=,?,16,32,6=,12?,2569

Reco""ended value

6=

4alance in setting

one

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set c"cfH to

vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst c"cf. lternativel",

use the command add:"od:lst:r"v cellc"cfto add/modi%"/remove cell&oriented

arameter settings, 7hich has a higher riorit".

3.7 %irect Retry 'lgorith" Para"eter

3.7.1 &a5i"u" %irect Retry Ti"es

%efinition

R)aum$er, the maimum allo7ed retr" times %or the direct retr" module a%ter the

initial %ailure, as descri$ed in *ection 2.2.?.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer81..59

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$or7ing range

Integer81..59

Reco""ended value

2

4alance in setting

one

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set drdH to

vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst drd.

3.7.2 Candidate /et '-solute Threshold

%efinition

Cs#hreshold. :hen the signal (ualit" o% a cell is higher than this threshold, this cell 7ill $eincluded in the direct retr" candidate set.

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit

Integer8&[email protected]

$or7ing range


Reco""ended value

&16

4alance in setting

%ter the + %ails to initiate an access rocess, the direct retr" algorithm 7ill automaticall"

initiate direct retr" re(uest to the cells in the candidate set. I% this threshold is too high, it

7ill $e di%%icult %or the ad4acent cells to enter the candidate set, and thus the + 7ill not $e

a$le to access timel" the ad4acent cells, 7hich maes direct retr" meaninglessH i% this

threshold is too lo7, man" cells can enter the candidate set $ut the" ma" $e all o% lo7

(ualit", and a large amount o% time 7ill $e used on retr" attemts, 7hich 7ill all turn out to

$e %ailures.

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set drdH to

vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst drd. lternativel",

use the command add:"od:lst:r"v celldrdto add/modi%"/remove cell&oriented arameter

settings, 7hich has a higher riorit".

3.7.3 &ini"u" 3c:!o Value

%efinition

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)in*ignalRe(uired. #he $asic access threshold descri$ed in *ection 2.2.?, namel" the

minimum re(uirement o% the + %orm the receiving CIC- c/o densit" during normal

demodulation.

/co(e

er RC/CLL

Range and unit


$or7ing range


Reco""ended value

&1?

4alance in setting

In the direct retr" algorithm, the cell signal measurement value in the RC- reort must $e

higher than this threshold $e%ore the direct retr" algorithm can consider this cellH other7ise

the cells 7ith oor signal (ualit" 7ill $e neglected. #his arameter and the candidate set

a$solute threshold can 4ointl" revent the occurrence o% latter case mentioned a$ove.

&odification:2uery

#o con%igure this RC&oriented glo$al handover arameter, +se the command set drdH to

vie7 the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst drd. lternativel",

use the command add:"od:lst:r"v celldrdto add/modi%"/remove cell&oriented arameter

settings, 7hich has a higher riorit".

3.7.4 Linear Factor of Relative Threshold and Ti"e Interval

%efinition

Linear'actor, the linear %actor %or the relative threshold and time interval during candidate

set selection, as descri$ed in *ection 2.2.?.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer80..1009, 7hich means 0 to 1.00H steB 0.01

$or7ing range

Integer80..1009

Reco""ended value

?0

4alance in setting

#his arameter re%lects to 7hat an etent the signal (ualit" varies 7ith the time. In areas

7ith $ig shado7 %ading 8such as a to7n center %ull o% tall $uildings9, this arameter can $e

roerl" increased, 7hile in areas 7ith small shado7 %ading 8such as oen areas or the

su$ur$s9, this arameter can $e roerl" decreased.

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&odification:2uery



3.7.5 &a5i"u" Relating Ti"e for %irect Retry %ecision%efinition

)aRelating#ime, the maimum time that the RC- measurement reort can continue to

$e used %or the direct retr" candidate set.

/co(e

er RC

Range and unit

Integer80..2@9, meaning 0 to 2@00msH steB 100

$or7ing rangeInteger80..2@9

Reco""ended value

20

4alance in setting

I% the duration %rom the time the measurement reort is received to the time the

measurement reort is rocessed eceeds the value o% this arameter, the measurement

reort 7ill $ecome invalid. #his arameter re%lects the maimum e%%ective time o% the

measurement reort used %or direct retr". I% the value o% this arameter is too $ig, the

measurement result used %or 4udgment ma" var" %rom the actual situation due too long a

duration and a%%ect the 4udgmentH i% it is too small, then a lot o% use%ul measurement

in%ormation is liel" to $e discarded.

&odification:2uery



"#$"%$"& Confidential Page '% of '%


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List o% re%erencesB

>"? 3 R@@ 25Gseries, 2002/0@

>%? Fie Zhi$in, 3handover lanning, 2001/0?

>&? Li Zhen, :C) RC #? Li Zhen, :C) RC '? Zhou Fin4ie, :C) R *"stem arameter *etting uidance, 2003/0=

Rno Hand Alg Huawei

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Transcript of Rno Hand Alg Huawei