RM1 Harvard

8/6/2019 RM1 Harvard

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ResearchResearch

ReferencingReferencing

HARVARDHARVARD


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Harvard Style of ReferencingHarvard Style of Referencing

A GUIDE ...A GUIDE ... How to refer to writers in your texts.How to refer to writers in your texts.

A formula for each type of resource,A formula for each type of resource, i.e.i.e. video, book, journal, webvideo, book, journal, web

page electronic journal.page electronic journal.

How to create a proper bibliography.How to create a proper bibliography.

NOTENOTE

ibid.ibid. When two or more references are from the same publicationWhen two or more references are from the same publicationfollowing on immediatelyfollowing on immediately

op. cit.op. cit. When two or more references are from the same publicationWhen two or more references are from the same publication

but are not consecutivebut are not consecutive EllipsisEllipsis ( ... )( ... ) Omission of one or more words in a sentence, isOmission of one or more words in a sentence, is

indicated by three spaced dotsindicated by three spaced dots

One author:One author: Surname forename/initialSurname forename/initial Beech N (2002)Beech N (2002)

Two authors:Two authors: Both names as aboveBoth names as above Beech N& Sun X (2002)Beech N& Sun X (2002)

Three or more authors:Three or more authors: Surname of first followed by et. alSurname of first followed by et. al


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HARVARD REFERENCINGHARVARD REFERENCINGWhy You Have to Use it?Why You Have to Use it? Evidence of background readingEvidence of background reading

Acknowledge the research of othersAcknowledge the research of others

Avoid accusations of plagiarismAvoid accusations of plagiarism

Makes you include complete informationMakes you include complete information

Easy to trace the background research usedEasy to trace the background research used

Helps other researchersHelps other researchers

HARVARD REFERENCINGHARVARD REFERENCING

Where can you get help?Where can you get help? On Skills for Learning Web pagesOn Skills for Learning Web pages

Buy Quote Unquote at enquiry desksBuy Quote Unquote at enquiry desks

Information PointsInformation Points -- short list of examplesshort list of examples

KnowKnow--itit--All One Hour WorkshopsAll One Hour Workshops


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HARVARD REFERENCINGHARVARD REFERENCING

Some language explainedSome language explained CITINGCITING -- acknowledging in the textacknowledging in the text

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY -- list of sourceslist of sources

REFERENCEREFERENCE -- detailed description ofdetailed description ofworks usedworks used


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HARVARDHARVARD

How Does It Work?How Does It Work? There are 2 elements to referencingThere are 2 elements to referencing

other peoples work:other peoples work:

One, is in the body of the text or in theOne, is in the body of the text or in themiddle of your essay or report, whenmiddle of your essay or report, when

you refer to someones ideasyou refer to someones ideas

Two, is at the back of your work whenT

wo, is at the back of your work whenyou list everything you have referred toyou list everything you have referred to

in fullin full


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CITING INTHETEXTCITING INTHETEXT

Authors surname and year of publicationAuthors surname and year of publication

in brackets e.g.,in brackets e.g.,

The work of Dee (1998) Sutcliffe (1999) andThe work of Dee (1998) Sutcliffe (1999) and

Reid (2000) concludes that listening is aReid (2000) concludes that listening is a

learnt skill and not a natural skill.learnt skill and not a natural skill.


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CITING INTHETEXTCITING INTHETEXT

Direct QuotesDirect Quotes Name, Year & Page number appear inName, Year & Page number appear in

brackets. e.g.,brackets. e.g.,

Rawson states that Learning to learn hasRawson states that Learning to learn has

become a part of the skills agendabecome a part of the skills agenda

(Rawson, 2000 p.1)(Rawson, 2000 p.1)


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CITING INTHETEXTCITING INTHETEXTM

ULT

IPLE AUT

HO

RSM

ULT

IPLE AUT

HO

RS 3 or fewer authors:3 or fewer authors:

e.g.,e.g., Cutler,T. Williams,K. & Williams,J.Cutler,T. Williams,K. & Williams,J.(1989)(1989)

4 or more authors:4 or more authors:

e.g.,e.g., Matlock,J. et al. (1996)Matlock,J. et al. (1996)


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THEBIBLIOGRAPHYTHEBIBLIOGRAPHY

What Is It ?What Is It ? Alphabetical list at the end of your workAlphabetical list at the end of your work

The bibliography gives the FULLThe bibliography gives the FULL

referencereference The following formulas are to make sureThe following formulas are to make sure

that you do not miss out a crucial factthat you do not miss out a crucial fact

and then fail to trace that work againand then fail to trace that work again


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BOOKSBOOKS

Include the following information:Include the following information: Author(s) /Author(s) / Editor(s)Editor(s)

YearYearin bracketsin brackets

TitleTitle and Subtitle (Underlined)and Subtitle (Underlined)

SeriesSeries ( if present)( if present)

EditionEdition

PlacePlace of publicationof publication

PublishersPublishers namename


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BOOKCITATIONBOOKCITATION

In the bibliographyIn the bibliographye.g.,e.g.,

Spence, B. ed. (1993)Spence, B. ed. (1993) Secondary schoolSecondary school

management in the 1990s: challenge andmanagement in the 1990s: challenge and

change.change. Aspects of Education Series, 48.Aspects of Education Series, 48.

London, Independent Publishers.London, Independent Publishers.

e.g.,e.g.,

Mohr, L.B. (1996)Mohr, L.B. (1996) Impact for analysis forImpact for analysis for

program evaluation.program evaluation. 2nd ed. London, Sage.2nd ed. London, Sage.


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EXAMPLE EXERCISEEXAMPLE EXERCISE

You have read a book called New directions inYou have read a book called New directions in

action researchaction research

It was published in 1996.It was published in 1996.The location of the publisher is London.The location of the publisher is London.

The publishers name is Falmer Press and it wasThe publishers name is Falmer Press and it was

edited by Ortrun Zuberedited by Ortrun Zuber--Skerrit.Skerrit.

Translate this into a Harvard ReferenceTranslate this into a Harvard Reference


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Right order & punctuationRight order & punctuation

ZuberZuber--Skerritt, O. ed. (1996)Skerritt, O. ed. (1996)

New directions in action researchNew directions in action research..London,London,

Falmer Press.Falmer Press.


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CORRECTREFERENCECORRECTREFERENCE

ZuberZuber--Skerritt, O. ed. (1996) NewSkerritt, O. ed. (1996) New

directions in action research. London,directions in action research. London,Falmer Press.Falmer Press.


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JOURNAL ARTICLESJOURNAL ARTICLESInclude the following information:Include the following information:

AUTHOR(S)AUTHOR(S) of articleof article

YEARYEAR in bracketsin brackets

ARTICLEARTICLE TitleTitle

JOURNALJOURNAL Title (Underlined)Title (Underlined)

VOLUMEVOLUME, Part, Issue, Month/Season, Part, Issue, Month/Season PAGEPAGE numbersnumbers


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JOURNAL ARTICLEJOURNAL ARTICLE

e.g.,e.g.,

Lucas, K.B. & Lidstone, J.G. (2000) EthicalLucas, K.B. & Lidstone, J.G. (2000) Ethical

Issues in Teaching About ResearchIssues in Teaching About ResearchEthics.Ethics. Evaluation and Research inEvaluation and Research in

EducationEducation,14 (1) pp.53,14 (1) pp.53--6464


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EXAMPLE EXERCISEEXAMPLE EXERCISE

You have read in a journal calledYou have read in a journal called

Studies in Higher EducationStudies in Higher Education

an article called: Learning to Learn: more thanan article called: Learning to Learn: more thana skills set. by Mike Rawson.a skills set. by Mike Rawson.

It was published this year.It was published this year.

It is issue number 2It is issue number 2

Pages 225Pages 225 -- 238 and is volume number 25238 and is volume number 25

Translate this into Harvard styleTranslate this into Harvard style


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Right order & punctuationRight order & punctuation

Rawson, Mike. (2000)Rawson, Mike. (2000)

Learning to Learn: more that a skill set.Learning to Learn: more that a skill set.Studies in HigherStudies in Higher Education.Education.

25 (2)25 (2)

pp.225pp.225 -- 238238


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CORRECTREFERENCECORRECTREFERENCE

Rawson, Mike. (2000) Learning toRawson, Mike. (2000) Learning to

Learn:more that a skill set.Learn:more that a skill set. Studies inStudies inHigher Education.Higher Education. 25 (2) pp.22525 (2) pp.225 -- 238238


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NEWSPAPER ARTICLENEWSPAPER ARTICLE

e.g.,e.g.,

Baty, P. (1998) Learners are born, saysBaty, P. (1998) Learners are born, says

report.report. Times Higher EducationTimes Higher EducationSupplementSupplement, 16th January, p.5, 16th January, p.5


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In ReferencesIn ReferencesInclude the following information in thisInclude the following information in this

order:order: Author of chapter/sectionAuthor of chapter/section

Year of publication (in brackets)Year of publication (in brackets)

Title of chapter/sectionT

itle of chapter/section In: followed byIn: followed by

Author/Editor of collected workAuthor/Editor of collected work

Title of the collected work (Underlined)Title of the collected work (Underlined)

Place of publicationPlace of publication

Publishers namePublishers name

Page numbersPage numbers


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In ReferencesIn References

e.g.,e.g., Porter, M.A. (1993) The modificationPorter, M.A. (1993) The modification

of method in researching postgraduateof method in researching postgraduate

education. In: Burgess, R.G. ed.education. In: Burgess, R.G. ed.T

heT

heresearch process in educationalresearch process in educational

settings:ten case studies.settings:ten case studies. London,London,

Falmer Press.Falmer Press.


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FILM& VIDEOFILM& VIDEOInclude the following information in thisInclude the following information in this

order:order: Series titleSeries title

Series numberSeries number

Year (in brackets)Year (in brackets) Programme title (underlined)Programme title (underlined)

Place of PublicationPlace of Publication

Publishers namePublishers name

Date of transmissionDate of transmission

[Medium:Format][Medium:Format]


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VIDEOVIDEO

e.g.,e.g.,

World in Action (1995)World in Action (1995) All work and noAll work and no

play.play. London, ITV, 21st JanuaryLondon, ITV, 21st January[video:VHS][video:VHS]


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Web PagesWeb PagesInclude the following information in thisInclude the following information in this

order:order: Author/EditorAuthor/Editor

Year (In brackets)Year (In brackets)

TitleT

itle [Internet][Internet]

EditionEdition

Place of publicationPlace of publication

Publishers name (if available)Publishers name (if available)

Available from: [Accessed date]Available from: [Accessed date]


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WorldWorld--Wide Web DocumentWide Web Document

e.g.,e.g.,

Holland, M. (1996)Holland, M. (1996) Harvard SystemHarvard System

[Internet] Poole, Bournemouth[Internet] Poole, BournemouthUniversity. Available from:University. Available from:

[Accessed 15 Apr 1996][Accessed 15 Apr 1996]


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ElectronicJournalElectronicJournalInclude the following information in thisInclude the following information in this

order:order: Author(s)/EditorAuthor(s)/Editor

Year (in brackets)Year (in brackets)

Title of ArticleT

itle of Article Title of journal (underlined)Title of journal (underlined)

[type of medium][type of medium]

Date of publication,volume, issue, pageDate of publication,volume, issue, page

numbernumber

Date of accessionDate of accession


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EJournalCitationEJournalCitation

Smith, J. (1996) Time to go home.Smith, J. (1996) Time to go home. JournalJournal

of Hyperactivityof Hyperactivity [Internet] 12th October,[Internet] 12th October,

6 (4) pp.1226 (4) pp.122--3. Available from:3. Available from: [Accessed June [Accessed June

6th, 1997]6th, 1997]


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Sample BibliographySample Bibliography

Bennett,H. Gunter,H & Reid,S. (1996) ThroughBennett,H. Gunter,H & Reid,S. (1996) Through

a glass darkly:images of appraisal.a glass darkly:images of appraisal. Journal ofJournal of

Teacher DevelopmentT

eacher Development, 5 (3) October, pp

39, 5 (

3) October, pp

39--46.46.

Now VoyagerNow Voyager (1942) Directed by Irving Rapper.(1942) Directed by Irving Rapper.

New York,Warner [Film:35mm]New York,Warner [Film:35mm]

Smith,B. (1999)Smith,B. (1999) Learning StylesLearning Styles. London,. London,

Academic PressAcademic Press

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