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Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy

Volume 3 - Background Report

June 2014

GHD | Report for Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd - West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy, 21/23188 | i

Table of contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 1

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 West Belconnen Development ......................................................................................... 2 1.2 West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy ................................................................ 4 1.3 Scope and limitations ...................................................................................................... 5

2. Review of Documents ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Commonwealth and National ........................................................................................... 6 2.3 Australian Capital Territory ............................................................................................ 12 2.4 New South Wales .......................................................................................................... 22 2.5 Yass Valley Council ....................................................................................................... 31 2.6 Selected Relevant Documents ....................................................................................... 35

3. Waste Quantities and Characteristics ...................................................................................... 37 3.1 Construction .................................................................................................................. 37 3.2 Occupation .................................................................................................................... 45 3.3 Other Waste and Recycling Audit Data .......................................................................... 51 3.4 Summary....................................................................................................................... 53

4. Business As Usual .................................................................................................................. 55 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 55 4.2 Construction .................................................................................................................. 55 4.3 Occupation .................................................................................................................... 55

5. Opportunities........................................................................................................................... 59 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 59 5.2 Residential Occupation .................................................................................................. 59

6. Targets ................................................................................................................................... 62 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Construction Phase ....................................................................................................... 62 6.3 Residential Occupation Phase ....................................................................................... 62

7. Resource Recovery Facility ..................................................................................................... 64 7.1 C&D Recovery Facility ................................................................................................... 64 7.2 Resource Recovery Facility ........................................................................................... 73 7.3 Buffer Distances ............................................................................................................ 75 7.4 Waste and Recycling Collections ................................................................................... 76

8. Construction Waste Reduction Plans ....................................................................................... 78 8.1 Draft Construction Waste Reduction Plan ...................................................................... 78 8.2 Mechanisms for submission, review and approval of CWRP .......................................... 79 8.3 Communications............................................................................................................ 80

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8.4 SCWRP review schedule ............................................................................................... 80

9. Waste Contractor .................................................................................................................... 81 9.1 Separation of materials on-site ...................................................................................... 81

10. Waste Project Manager ........................................................................................................... 83 10.1 Appointment .................................................................................................................. 83 10.2 Role and Responsibilities .............................................................................................. 83 10.3 Communications............................................................................................................ 84 10.4 Systems Manager ......................................................................................................... 84 10.5 Site Supervisors ............................................................................................................ 85 10.6 Methods and Materials for Recovery .............................................................................. 85

11. C&D Recycling Facilities ......................................................................................................... 88

12. Staged implementation ............................................................................................................ 89

Table index Table 1 - Property Sizes ...................................................................................................................... 2

Table 2 - Outcomes and Targets ....................................................................................................... 12

Table 3 – Broad targets for each outcome area in the WARRS 2007 ................................................. 23

Table 4 - Construction Waste Quantities per Average House ............................................................. 37

Table 5 - Quantities of Residential Construction Waste and Soil by Stage ......................................... 39

Table 6 - Quantities of Retail Construction Waste and Soil ................................................................ 39

Table 7 - Quantities of Other Structures and Community Facilities Construction Waste and Soil – Stages 1-15 ......................................................................................................... 40

Table 8 – Total Quantities of Roads Construction Waste - Stages 1-15 ............................................. 40

Table 9 - Estimates of Total Quantities of Waste Types Generated per Week by Weight (t) – Stages 1-15 ................................................................................................................... 42

Table 10 - Estimates of Total Quantities of Waste Types Generated per Week by Volume (m3) – Stages 1-15 ........................................................................................................ 43

Table 11 – Average Composition per Household of the Garbage Stream ........................................... 46

Table 12 – Average Composition per Household of the Recycling Stream ......................................... 46

Table 13 - Estimated WBD Waste Quantities by Stage ...................................................................... 47

Table 14 - Estimated Shopping Centre Waste Quantities................................................................... 48

Table 15 – Estimated Commercial Waste Quantities ......................................................................... 49

Table 16 – Estimate Community Waste Quantities ............................................................................ 50

Table 17 – Composition of Landfilled Waste by Volume..................................................................... 52

Table 18- Composition of Trash Packs .............................................................................................. 52

Table 19 - Number of Bins Per Week – Stages 1-15 .......................................................................... 67

Table 20 - Dimensions of Soil Stockpile ............................................................................................. 68

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Table 21 - Dimensions of Asphalt Stockpile ....................................................................................... 68

Table 22 - Dimensions of Brick Stockpile ........................................................................................... 69

Table 23 - Dimensions of Concrete Stockpile .................................................................................... 69

Table 24 - Dimensions of Reinforced Concrete Stockpile ................................................................... 70

Table 25 - Dimensions of Rock and Gravel Stockpile......................................................................... 70

Table 26 - Dimensions of Timber Stockpile ........................................................................................ 71

Table 27 - C&DRF Areas by Stage .................................................................................................... 71

Table 28 - Resource Recovery Facility Buffer Distances .................................................................... 76

Table 29 - C&D Waste Facilities in the ACT ...................................................................................... 88

Table 30 - Staged Approach to Master Plan ...................................................................................... 90

Figure index Figure 1 - West Belconnen Development Showing Stages 1-15........................................................... 3

Figure 2 - Waste Quantities by Weight – Stages 1-15 ........................................................................ 44

Figure 3 - Waste Quantities by Volume – Stages 1-15 ....................................................................... 44

Figure 4 - Composition of ACT Kerbside Garbage Stream - 1997-2009 ............................................. 45

Figure 5 - Likely waste collection vehicle route from WBD to Mugga Lane ......................................... 57

Figure 6 - Stockpile Areas at Recovery Facility – Stages 1-15 ........................................................... 72

Figure 7 - Recovery Facility Area ...................................................................................................... 73

Figure 8 – WBLS Showing Location of C&DRF and Transfer Station ................................................. 74

Figure 9 - Number of Zones, Trucks and Loads – Stages 1-15 .......................................................... 77

Appendices Appendix A – Draft Construction Waste Management Plan Template

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Acronyms ACT The Australian Capital Territory

AWT Alternative Waste Technology, a mechanical and/or biological process that typically separates and/or processes the organic fraction of a waste stream

C&D Construction and demolition

C&DRF Construction and Demolition Recovery Facility – see Volume 1 - Strategic Construction Waste Reduction Plan

CO2-e Carbon dioxide equivalent describes, for a given mixture and amount of greenhouse gas, the amount of CO2 that would have the same global warming potential when measured over a specified timescale, generally 100 years.

CWRP Construction Waste Reduction Plan which a plan to be completed by a number of building contractors to cover themselves and all the contractors, builders and sub-contractors under their control. These plans apply during the construction phase, see Volume 1 of the West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy

DCC Development Control Code for Best Practice Waste Management in the ACT

Developer Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

MRF Materials Recovery Facility - A facility at which recyclable materials are separated into individual commodities using a variety of mechanical and manual sorting techniques

MUD Multi-Unit Dwelling – typically flats, units and apartments

NSW New South Wales

SCWRP Strategic Construction Waste Reduction Plan which is Volume 1 of the West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy and applies only during the progressive construction phases

VENM Virgin Excavated Natural Material

WBD West Belconnen Development

WBLS West Belconnen Landfill Site

WBWMS West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy

WMRRMP Waste Management and Resource Recovery Master Plan which is Volume 2 of the West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy and applies to the whole site during its on-going occupation

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1. Introduction 1.1 West Belconnen Development

1.1.1 Developers

The West Belconnen Development (WBD) involves the construction of 11,500 dwellings as well as commercial and community elements, at West Belconnen. Of these, 6,500 dwellings will be in the ACT and 5,000 in NSW. Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd is the project manager for the planning of West Belconnen, acting on behalf of the ACT Government for the ACT land and on behalf of the land owners for the NSW land.

1.1.2 Vision

The vision for the development is a model sustainable community. The vision will inspire sustainable living, development practice and awareness. The community will be an example of best practice design, construction and long-term liveability. Riverview Projects is aiming for 6 Green Star certification and is employing practices, processes and systems that embody innovation and design excellence.

1.1.3 Composition

The development consists of both residential, commercial and community elements. The residential areas will be a mixture of low density and mixed use properties and will accommodate a final population of about 30,000 people. The commercial elements will include retail, office, services and light industrial operations. There will also be community facilities including schools.

Only the first 15 stages of the development are dealt with in detail in these strategies. The details of the later stages are likely to change over the course of the development and accurate figures can only be developed and provided as the development proceeds.

Property sizes and the numbers of each size in the first 15 stages are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 - Property Sizes

Stages Property Type Area (ha) Number of

Dwellings Dwellings Roads Stage 1 Residential 20.0 12.3 300 Stage 2 Residential 10.1 6.3 300 Stage 3 Residential 25.0 15.4 300

Stage 4 Residential and

mixed use 3.9 2.4 300

Stage 5 Residential 14.8 9.2 300 Stage 6 Residential 12.6 7.8 300 Stage 7 Residential 7.4 4.6 317 Stage 8 Residential 13.3 8.2 300 Stage 9 Residential 23.4 14.5 300 Stage 10 Residential 11.9 7.3 300 Stage 11 Mixed use 3.6 2.2 300 Stage 12 Residential 14.6 9.0 326 Stage 13 Residential 4.3 2.7 300 Stage 14 Residential 11.6 7.2 300 Stage 15 Residential 7.5 4.7 300 Total Stages 1-15 183.9 113.7 4,543


The table shows that Stages 4 and 11 will have some mixed use dwellings.

Figure 1 below shows the West Belconnen Development with all stages numbered and Stages 1- 15 highlighted. The commercial centre and the two community villages in Stages 1-15 are also shown.

Figure 1 - West Belconnen Development Showing Stages 1-15


1.1.4 Construction and Staging

Construction will begin at the far south of the site along Stockdill Road, Stage 1 in Figure 1. Each stage represents one year of the development’s progress.

1.2 West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy

1.2.1 Strategy Aim

The West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy (WBWMS) focuses on improved resource recovery outcomes, minimising impact on urban amenity, reducing climate change impacts and delivering a cost-effective waste management solution.

It also:

Identifies principles and policy drivers to deliver world best practice outcomes;

Identifies measures that ensure the development complies and is consistent with, or improves upon, the NSW Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2013-2021 and the ACT Waste Management Strategy - Towards a Sustainable Canberra, 2011–2025 among other relevant and related polices;

Identifies, classifies and quantifies the likely waste streams that will be generated during the construction and occupation phases of the development;

Describes how, and where, under current policies and procedures, these wastes would be stored, handled, used, transported, treated and/or disposed of during the construction phase and identify likely impacts including on the immediate surrounds;

Describes the likely methods used, under current policies and procedures, to contain, collect, transport and treat the waste streams generated during the occupation phase and identify likely impacts including access, amenity, road construction and service standards;

Included consultation with the project team on the implications for the overall project of the adoption of a ‘business as usual’ approach and identifies areas of concern and opportunities for innovation; and

Outlines policies, programs, practices and procedures that should be considered and discusses future services and facilities that could be incorporated, identifying opportunities for innovation that are appropriate to the scale and location of the site.

1.2.2 Two Part Strategy

The WBWMS covers the whole development including the parts in NSW and the ACT. There are two sub-plan elements to this strategy. The first (Volume 1) is the Strategic Construction Waste Reduction Plan (SCWRP) which will apply only during the progressive construction phases. The second (Volume 2) is the Waste Management and Resource Recovery Master Plan (WMRRMP) which will apply to each stage as it is occupied and the whole site during its on-going occupation after construction is completed.

This document, Volume 3 – Background Report, provides more of the details that were used to develop Volumes 1 and 2 but for simplicity and clarity were not included in those reports. These include background information and discussion of issues, fuller summaries of reference documents and the calculations that back up the figures used in Volumes 1 and 2.

The WBWMS, including the SCWRP and WMRRMP, has been developed in conjunction with the Site Master Plan and will be integrated into it. Because of the time over which construction will take place, some parts of the development will be occupied while others are under


construction. As the site is developed progressively, both the SCWRP and the WMRRMP will be enacted concurrently, although at different stages as construction would precede occupation.

Because the details of the stages are likely to change over the course of the development and accurate figures can only be developed and provided as the development proceeds, these strategies only deal with Stages 1-15 of the development in detail.

1.3 Scope and limitations

This report has been prepared by GHD for Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd and may only be used and relied on by Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd for the purpose agreed between GHD and the Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd as set out in this report.

GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any person other than Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd arising in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.

The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on assumptions made by GHD described in this report. GHD disclaims liability arising from any of the assumptions being incorrect.

GHD has prepared this report on the basis of information provided by Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd and others who provided information to GHD (including Government authorities), which GHD has not independently verified or checked beyond the agreed scope of work. GHD does not accept liability in connection with such unverified information, including errors and omissions in the report which were caused by errors or omissions in that information.

GHD has not been involved in the preparation of the documents listed in Section 2 and has had no contribution to, or review of them. GHD shall not be liable to any person for any error in, omission from, or false or misleading statement in, any other part of the documents listed in Section 2.

The assessment of waste volumes in this report are intended to represent ‘order of magnitude volumes’ and should not be relied upon to inform business case or feasibility studies. GHD recommends that the study be revised following the receipt of developed design including indicative building sizes and residential dwelling mix.


2. Review of Documents 2.1 Introduction

Parts of the WBD are in NSW and parts are in the ACT. There are four legal jurisdictions covering different parts of the development; the Commonwealth Government, the ACT Government, the NSW Government and Yass Valley Council.

Legislative, regulatory and policy documents are reviewed under the following sections as well as some selected relevant guidelines relating to waste management:

Section 2.2 Commonwealth and National;

Section 2.3 Australian Capital Territory;

Section 2.4 New South Wales;

Section 2.5 Yass Valley Council; and

Section 2.6 Selected Relevant Documents.

2.2 Commonwealth and National

The WBD and the two local jurisdictions in which it is located, Yass Valley Council and the ACT, must operate within the Commonwealth legislative framework, however, much Commonwealth legislation does not have any direct impact on day to day waste management or local government operations.

Perhaps the most important Commonwealth instruments, although with varying impacts on WBD, are the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (the NGER Act), the Carbon Pricing Mechanism, the National Waste Policy, and the Product Stewardship Act 2011. More details on these and other potentially relevant legislation are provided in the following sections.

2.2.1 National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) Scheme

The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (the NGER Act) was introduced to provide a single national framework for the reporting and dissemination of information about the greenhouse gas emissions, energy use and energy production of corporations. It requires corporations to report on their energy use, energy production and/or greenhouse gas emissions if certain participation thresholds are exceeded on either a facility level or a corporate level.

The Act also underpins the Clean Energy Legislation (see Section 2.2.2), providing the primary source of emissions and energy data on which Carbon Pricing Mechanism obligations are to be based.

The objectives of the NGER Act are to:

Underpin the introduction of an emissions trading scheme;

Inform government policy formulation and the Australian public;

Help meet Australia’s international reporting obligations;

Assist Commonwealth, state and territory government programs and activities; and

Avoid the duplication of similar reporting requirements in the states and territories.

Corporations that meet an NGER threshold must report their:

Greenhouse gas emissions;


Energy production;

Energy consumption; and

Other information specified under NGER legislation.

The Clean Energy Regulator (CER) implements the scheme and manages the audit and compliance regime.

A number of legislative instruments sit under the NGER Act, providing greater detail about corporations’ obligations.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD It is currently unclear whether the WBD would have any obligations to report under the NGER scheme. The need, or not, to do so appears to principally revolve around:

Whether the annual quantity of greenhouse gas emissions produced, energy consumed or energy produced by the WBD exceeds a participation threshold;

The organisational structure of the development partnership and operational control; and

The status or role that the West Belconnen Landfill Site (WBLS), and any future operations there, plays in the WBD.

Typically, land developments would not be covered by the requirements of the NGER Act. That said, as the ACT Government is a partner in the WBD, it is possible that reporting under the NGER legislation may be required if the ACT Government exceeds a relevant corporate level threshold. Participation may also be required if works at the WBD caused one of the relevant thresholds to be exceeded (for example, diesel use during construction) and/or if the WBLS, and any future operations at the WBLS, is considered to be part of the WBD.

GHD recommends that Riverview Projects seek further advice and clarification in relation to the potential need for the WBD to participate in the NGER scheme.

Any future construction waste management facility, waste transfer station, waste processing facility or similar operation may be required to participate in the NGER scheme if a relevant participation threshold is exceeded.

2.2.2 Carbon pricing mechanism

The Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) or ‘Carbon Tax’ was established by the Clean Energy Legislation1 during 2011. The CPM requires liable entities who have operational control of a facility that exceeds a relevant participation threshold to estimate and pay for their emission of certain nominated greenhouse gases.

The CPM only applies to direct ‘Scope 1’ emissions (for example, carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of coal) associated with a facility. It does not apply on a corporate level, it does not apply to energy use or energy production and it only applies to certain Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions.

The new Commonwealth Government, elected in 2012, intends to repeal the Clean Energy Legislation at the first available opportunity. This would mean that the CPM scheme would cease to exist and therefore could not be of any relevance to the WBD.

The Government has indicated that its ‘Direct Action Plan’ may be implemented to replace the CPM. Complete details on the operation of the Direct Action Plan are not currently available however, initial documents suggests that it will revolve around allowing certain sectors to create,

1 See more at http://www.cleanenergyfuture.gov.au/


and be paid for, carbon offsets rather than having to pay a fee for emissions that exceed nominated participation thresholds.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The ACT Government currently owns the former WBLS which is situated at the centre of WBD. This landfill is still operational, although only for the disposal of asbestos waste. If Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions were to exceed 25,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) per year, the ACT Government may be liable to participate in the CPM and pay for certain Scope 1 emissions from the WBLS that are in excess of this threshold. This may include:

Landfill methane emissions from waste landfilled after 1 July 2012 (expected to be very low);

Composting emissions; and

Oils and greases combusted.

Riverview Projectss should seek further advice and clarification in relation to the potential need for the WBD, and specifically the WBLS, to participate in the Direct Action Plan or CPM, particularly when, or if, legislation changes.

Any waste materials generated by the WBD, either during construction or operation, that have to be removed from the WBLS and landfilled may be subject to a carbon price upon disposal, depending on the landfill selected for ultimate disposal.

Any future construction waste management facility, waste transfer station, waste processing facility or similar operation may be required to participate in the Direct Action Plan or CPM if a relevant participation threshold is exceeded.

2.2.3 National Waste Policy

On 5 November 2009, Australia’s environment ministers agreed to a National Waste Policy at the bi-annual meeting of the Environment Protection and Heritage Council (EPHC). The EPHC released the National Waste Policy Statement entitled National Waste Policy: Less Waste, More Resources.

The purpose of the National Waste Policy is to build on the 1992 National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development to set objectives and priorities for at least the next 10 years by clearly articulating the respective roles of governments.

The National Waste Policy encompass wastes in the municipal, commercial, industrial, construction and demolition waste streams and also covers liquid, gaseous and solid wastes. Radioactive waste is excluded. Strategies and actions will be developed to effect improvements within each of the key themes. Expected outcomes, responsibilities and timeframes for each action will also be established.

The aims of the National Waste Policy are to:

Avoid the generation of waste;

Reduce the amount of waste (including hazardous waste) for disposal;

Manage waste as a resource; and

Ensure that waste disposal is done in a safe, scientific and environmentally sound manner.

Key principles that underpin the development and implementation of the policy are:

All wastes, including hazardous wastes, are managed consistent with Australia’s international obligations;


Environmentally responsible management of waste reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to broader sustainability outcomes;

Market, regulatory and governance failures, duplications and inconsistencies are addressed and issues dealt with holistically;

The costs of resource recovery and waste management are borne by the participants in the product supply and consumption chain and not by the community generally;

Decisions are informed by the waste management hierarchy of actions, the precautionary approach, and principles of ecologically sustainable development and intergenerational equity;

The environmentally sound management of materials, products and services are advanced by embracing whole of lifecycle strategies;

The generation of hazardous and other wastes is avoided or minimized, taking into account social, technological and economic aspects;

The risks associated with waste are understood and managed in the future to minimise intergenerational legacy issues;

Nationally consistent, comprehensive data on waste and re-use of materials is regularly available to assess performance and inform policy; and

Any measures, whether voluntary or regulatory, consider overall community benefit by taking account of social, environmental, and economic outcomes, and are implemented by the appropriate level of government, industry or the community.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The National Waste Policy supports and complements the NSW and ACT Governments’ waste reduction and resource recovery policies and programs discussed in Section 2.3. These will lead to less waste being generated in the ACT and NSW for landfill disposal and increased opportunities for the development of advanced resource recovery facilities. This WBWMS aligns the WBD with the objectives of the National Waste Policy.

2.2.4 Product Stewardship Act 2011

The Product Stewardship Act 2011 sets up a national framework for managing the health and environmental impact of products through their whole life cycle, including disposal. This is done in three main ways:

(i) voluntary accreditation in which organisations meet certain requirements without the need for legislation;

(ii) co-regulatory schemes which industry actions are backed by regulation; and

(iii) mandatory schemes which establish a legal obligation to take certain actions.

Following a decision by all Australian environment ministers in 2009, televisions and computers were selected to be the first products to be regulated under the legislation.

Television and Computer Recycling Scheme

The National Computer and Television Recycling Scheme (the Scheme) is designed to provide Australian householders and small business with access to free collection and recycling services for televisions and computers. The Scheme recycles televisions, computers, printers and computer products (such as keyboards, mouses, and hard drives), regardless of their brand or age. The first services under the Scheme, commenced in the ACT on 15 May 2012.


Manufacturers and importers of televisions and computers (referred to under the Scheme as liable parties) are now required to join an approved ‘co-regulatory arrangement’. Co-regulatory arrangements are membership arrangements responsible for meeting the outcomes of the Regulations, including collecting and recycling televisions and computers.

Co-regulatory arrangements may choose to select and contract service providers, such as local governments or recyclers, to operate these collection and recycling services. Local Governments that are interested in participating in the Scheme as service providers should contact the administrators of the co-regulatory arrangements in the first instance. Participation of councils in the Scheme is voluntary.

Currently televisions and computers are the only products covered by the Act. However, a list will be published each year showing what products are being considered to be covered. Future products are likely to include packaging, tyres and mercury-containing lights.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Operators of the resource recovery facility proposed for the WBLS should be aware of the provision of this Act and may be in a position to take part in schemes and programs that collect these materials. Should the operators be interested in becoming a service provider or partner with industry in the schemes, relevant environmental and occupational health and safety requirements must be met and fees cannot be charged to householders or small business for the collection of products under the schemes.

2.2.5 Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Imports and Exports) Act 1989

The Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Imports and Exports) Act 1989 prohibits the export and import of hazardous waste without a permit. A permit may be obtained to export hazardous waste where it can be shown that the wastes will be managed in an environmentally sound manner in the country of import.

Final disposal of waste involves operations such as incineration or landfill. The Australian Government has banned exports of waste for final disposal except in exceptional circumstances. Recovery includes recycling or reclamation of waste materials and also includes recovery of energy from waste, except by direct incineration. These shipments are permitted provided certain conditions are met. The Act does not affect movement of hazardous waste within Australia. The Act implements Australia’s obligations under the Basel Convention2.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Consideration may need to be given to the Act if waste materials such as electronic waste originating from the resource recovery area are exported for disposal overseas.

2.2.6 Australian Capital Territory (Planning and Land Management) Act 1988

The Australian Capital Territory (Planning and Land Management) Act 1988 is Commonwealth legislation that introduced new arrangements for the planning and development of the ACT. The Act was instituted when the ACT became self-governing in 1989 and established the National Capital Planning Authority (NCPA) as a Commonwealth Government agency. This allowed the ACT Government to have a number of similar duties as other state governments but the Commonwealth to retain an overall planning function.

2 The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal is an international convention that has been signed and ratified by the Australian Government. It regulates the movement of hazardous wastes across international boundaries and requires that such waste be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.


The NCPA administers the National Capital Plan (see Section 2.3.5), and is responsible for its constant review and amendment. The NCPA also commissions work to be carried out according to the National Capital Plan, fosters awareness of Canberra as the National Capital and performs other planning services in Australia or overseas.

The Act also requires preparation of a Territory Plan (see Section 2.3.6) which is the responsibility of the ACT Government. The Territory Plan and the National Capital Plan must be consistent with each other.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD This Act does not directly control or affect waste management in the ACT. However, it is the overarching document that controls the National Capital Plan and Territory Plan, that, at lower levels, provides guidance and specifications on how waste systems operate and how and where waste facilities can be established.

2.2.7 Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910

Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910 established a land tenure system, unique in Australia, where the Commonwealth owns all the land in the ACT and instead of freehold ownership, allows land ‘owners’ to have long-term fixed leases, usually 99 years.

The purpose of this system is to avoid speculation in undeveloped land and to ensure increases in land value remain with the Commonwealth Government.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The most direct consequence of this Act on the WBD is that the WBLS, at the centre of the development, will always remain in ACT Government hands. The land cannot be sold and the ACT Government will always have responsibility for it.

2.2.8 AS 4454-2012 Composts, soil conditioners and mulches

This standard specifies the physical, chemical, biological and labelling requirements for composts, soil conditioners and mulches that are used in natural or artificial soils and growing media. It covers materials that have been pasteurised or composted but does not cover home composting or shredded garden organic material (often referred to as green waste, green organics or garden waste) that have not undergone these processes.

This standard was revised and updated in 2012. There are three requirements to comply with the standard:

A reliable process must be used;

Material specifications must be met; and

Data sheets and other information must be provided.

Just meeting the test specifications on certain samples is not enough. Importantly the standard does not cover residual material from AWT3 processing.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The inability of many AWT processing residuals to now meet the Australian Standard restricts their potential uses although some processors have amended their blending programs to accommodate this.

3 Alternative Waste Technology, a mechanical and/or biological process that typically separates and/or processes the organic fraction of a waste stream.


If organic waste collected from the WBD is intended to be processed through an AWT facility at the WBLS or at another site in the region, the operators of the facility should be aware that the quality and potential uses of the products that results from certain waste processing technologies may have an impact on the economic viability of any facility they develop.

2.3 Australian Capital Territory

2.3.1 ACT Waste Management Strategy - Towards a Sustainable Canberra, 2011–2025

The ACT Waste Management Strategy addresses household, commercial and industrial, construction and demolition sectors and biomass from wood and garden waste. Its goal is to ensure that the ACT leads innovation to achieve full resource recovery and a carbon neutral waste sector. There are four key outcomes and targets for each and these are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 - Outcomes and Targets

Outcome Number

Outcome Targets

Outcome 1 Less waste generated

Growth in ACT waste generation less than population growth rate. Reuse of goods expands

Outcome 2 Full resource recovery

Resource recovery rate increases: –– more than 80% by 2015. –– more than 85% by 2020. –– more than 90% by 2025

Outcome 3 A clean environment ACT leads Australia in low litter and illegal dumping. ACT’s natural resources protected and, where feasible, enhanced through waste management

Outcome 4 A carbon neutral waste sector

ACT Waste Sector is carbon neutral by 2020: –– energy generated from waste doubling by 2020; –– waste resources recovered for carbon sequestration by 2020

The Strategy recognises waste as a resource from which value can be derived using innovation. It also recognises technology in waste management as a more cost effective way of achieving resource recovery and greenhouse gas abatement through new technologies such as energy from waste.

Of the 29 outcome strategies listed, those relevant to the WBD include:

1.2 Support for community gardens and home composting.

1.3 Ban single-use plastic shopping bags.

1.6 Promote reuse through bulky waste collection service.

1.7 Encourage on-site reuse for construction and demolition waste.

2.1 Boost commercial waste recycling.

2.2 Recover organic and residual waste resources.

2.4 Provide free drop-off facilities for electronic waste.

2.7 Public place recycling.

3.1 Reduce litter and dumping through laws and raising awareness.

3.5 Manage hazardous waste.


4.1 Methane capture from landfill.

4.2 Minimise organic waste to landfill.

4.3 Expand bioenergy generation and investigate new energy from waste technologies to generate energy.

4.4 Increase recycling to avoid greenhouse gas emissions.

4.5 Ensure energy efficient waste collection and transport solutions.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Many of the initiatives planned for the WBD align with the ACT Waste Strategy. There are also opportunities in the areas of organics processing and waste to energy that, the Strategy shows, if implemented at WBD, would be supported by the ACT Government.

2.3.2 ACT–NSW Cross-Border Region Settlement Agreement

This document is a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the ACT and NSW Governments. It was instituted in 2006.

The Agreement states that planning for the ACT/NSW Cross Border Region (the ACT and Yass Valley, Queanbeyan City and Palerang Councils in NSW) is best achieved by co-operation and collaboration of all levels of government.

The Strategy will be delivered in the ACT through the Canberra Spatial Plan and the Territory Plan (see Section 2.3.6) and in NSW by Sydney-Canberra Corridor Regional Strategy (see Section 2.4.11) and Local Government Local Environmental Plans (see Section 2.5.1), which are in turn prepared within the framework of the Sydney-Canberra Corridor Regional Strategy. It does not override ACT or NSW legislation.

The term of the MoU is 30 years to 2036 but it is to be reviewed every five years. It would also be reviewed if:

a second commercial airport or Very Fast Train were built in the Sydney-Canberra Corridor;

there were changes to immigration policy which would encourage immigration into the Cross-Border Region; or

there was an increase in the movement of people out of Sydney.

The Agreement states that regional outcomes and benefits, without cost to either jurisdiction, should take precedence for planning decisions and encouragement of economic and employment growth. The main outcomes of the MoU are to sustainably manage growth in the residential and employment lands sector and to support the sustainable management of water resources.

Seven Settlement Principles are listed for the Region as follows;

Principle 1 deals with maximising use of existing infrastructure and services and minimising additional infrastructure and services and their costs for future settlements;

Principle 2 deals with the complementary and integrated uses and ensuring land use, road connections and service ties are compatible;

Principles 3 and 4 deal with ensuring future urban growth takes place in or adjacent to existing urban areas;

Principle 5 deals with ensuring economic development diversity and supporting the regional value of key infrastructure;


Principle 6 deals with protecting rural industry and agricultural landscapes; and

Principle 7 deals with safeguarding land identified for long term use.

The MoU obliges both parties to managing future urban growth in accordance with the principles of the MoU, and the relevant strategies and plans. Each party also agrees to share or supply relevant data and information and provide updated information where necessary.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The Cross-Border Region Settlement Agreement is a memorandum of understanding and is probably not legally enforceable. However, it sets a very general framework for how the land in and around the ACT is to be managed especially in regard to new development.

It does not reference waste management specifically but does refer to Local Environment Plans that specifically reference waste management. Also, Principle 2 indicates that services for cross-border areas should be compatible. This would include waste management and in this sense, waste management services provided to properties in both the NSW and ACT parts of the WBD should essentially be the same.

2.3.3 Development Control Code for Best Practice Waste Management in the ACT

The Development Control Code (DCC) is the key ACT Government guideline for managing waste during construction and ongoing use at the West Belconnen Development. It provides both directions and advice on how to incorporate waste management into new development design construction and operation.

Demolition, Excavation and Construction Phase

Section 3 Demolition, Excavation and Construction of this document sets minimum proportions by weight for the reuse and recycling of materials generated from these activities. These minimum requirements are:

Demolition – 90%

Excavation – 90%

Construction – 75%

There are also more specific requirements, including:

All waste from these activities must be stored separately on-site;

Materials in each recyclable stream must be stored separately on-site;

If there is limited space, recyclables can be taken off-site for separation;

Materials that can’t be reused or recycled must be disposed of at a licenced landfill;

Waste storage areas must have vehicular access;

Disposal and recycling documentation must be kept throughout the project and for 12 months afterwards; and

Hazardous materials must be handled safely.

On-going Use Phase

The DCC covers:

Single dwellings;

Dual occupancy dwellings;


Multi-unit residential developments;

Commercial, public and industrial developments;

Mixed use developments; and

Estate development planning.

The DCC requires the preparation of a Waste and Recycling Management Plan. It sets out the sections to be included in the Plan and the specifications and requirements for waste bins and the areas in which they are stored for developments of different types.

Part B covers development controls and has sections dealing with different dwelling types.

Section 1 deals with single dwellings and dual occupancy dwellings;

Section 2 deals with multi-unit residential dwellings;

Section 3 deals with commercial, public and industrial developments; and

Section 4 deals with mixed-use developments.

Part C covers demolition, excavation and construction.

A number of appendixes are also provided that contain information about waste storage requirements, vehicle details and requirements, waste equipment and signage, demolition and construction waste. There are also a number of forms for different purposes.

The DCC specifically mentions that estate developments are covered, in fact it clearly states that all parts of the DCC apply to estate developments.

Controls for different dwelling types are summarised below.

Single and dual occupancy buildings

There are no mandatory controls for new single and dual occupancy buildings and no Waste and Recycling Management Plan is required. Appendix 2 provides a ‘guideline’ for these dwelling types, which lists the recommendations summarised below:

Each dwelling:

Should have indoor storage in the kitchen for one day’s waste and recycling;

Will have one 140 L garbage bin collected weekly and one 240 L recycling bin collected fortnightly;

Should have an external storage area for bins which must be located, screened or designed to reduce visual impact;

Must store waste and recycling in bins between collections;

Should have an area for composting or worm farming;

Should have a nominated collection point; and

Should allow bins to be placed 30-60 cm from the kerb and away from obstructions such as trees and street furniture.

A Waste and Recycling Management Plan is required in relation to demolition and excavation where more than 20 m3 of excavation waste is likely to be generated from the development. In this case, Sections 1 and 3 of the DCC apply. Section 1 restates this requirement and directs readers to Appendixes 2, 11 and 12. Appendix 2 is already covered above.

Appendix 11 provides some general advice on the separation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste and states that:


Separation must be maximised;

On-site use must be maximised;

Soils should be re-used off site if permitted; and

Surplus materials should be minimised and separated and stockpiled for off-site recycling.

Further advice is provided using the waste hierarchy as a guide;

Avoidance

o Excessive materials should not be purchased;

o Excessive packaging should be avoided; and

o Building designs should minimise waste using pre-cut and modular methods;

Reduce

o Use returnable, stackable and reusable packaging systems such as pallets and containers;

Reuse

o Reuse materials especially with recycled content;

Recycle

o Separate materials on-site for recycling or reuse; and

o Remove from site for separation off-site.

Appendix 11 provides some weight-to-volume conversion figures for some C&D materials and explains that excavation material is the largest volume of construction waste and that clean fill can be used on-site. There is some further general advice on use of bins, what materials could be separated and what on- and off-site uses there are for used C&D materials

Appendix 12 is the pro-forma for a waste and recycling management plan for a new development. There are a number of sections that address requirements for multi-unit dwellings, commercial, public and industrial developments and demolition, excavation and construction activities.

Multi-Unit Residential Developments

A Waste and Recycling Management Plan is required. In this case Sections 1 and 2 of the DCC apply. Section 1 restates this requirement and directs readers to Appendixes 2, 11 and 12, which are covered above.

Section 2 sets out controls for storage and collection of garbage and recycling bins in Multi-Unit Residential Developments. There are two sets of controls depending on whether there are bins to be collected from kerbside or from within the property. The controls are summarised below:

Collected from Kerbside

There must be an indoor area for waste storage that can hold one day’s worth of materials;

If possible there must be space for composting;

There must be either an individual bin storage area next to each dwelling or a communal bin storage areas of appropriate size to store the bins provided by the Territory and which must comply with some other detailed requirements;

There must be a clear path of travel from each dwelling to the bin storage area and from there to the collection point;


Bins should not need to be pulled more than 75 metres, or 50 metres in aged care developments;

Where bins are collected kerbside there has to be 1.4 m frontage per dwelling; and

Developments of less than 11 units will have bins collected from the kerb and must allow enough space.

On-Property Collection

There must be an area in the kitchen for waste storage that can hold one day’s worth of materials;

If possible there must be space for composting;

There must be either individual or communal bin storage areas of appropriate size to store the bins provided by the Territory and which must comply with some other detailed requirements;

There must be a clear path of travel from each dwelling to the bin storage area and from there to the collection point;

Bins should not need to be pulled more than 75 metres, or 50 metres in aged care developments;

The distance between the storage area and the collection point for hoppers (bulk bins) must be no more than four metres and have a gradient of no more than 3%;

Developments of more than three storeys must have an accessible bin storage area, have waste storage areas on each floor and a way of getting waste to the main storage area. Chutes can be used, or lifts if there are no chutes;

Bins must be collected from a designated area, whether permanent or temporary; and

Where collection takes place on-site there must be unobstructed access for collection vehicles.

Commercial, Public and Industrial Developments

A Waste and Recycling Management Plan is required. In this case Sections 1, 2 and 3 of the DCC apply. Sections 1 and 2 sets are covered above.

The controls detailed in Section 3 for Commercial, Public and Industrial Developments are summarised below:

Bin storage areas must be conveniently located;

Waste generation rates must be calculated for each activity;

Waste storage areas must be provided in all kitchens including those in hotel rooms and be large enough to hold one day’s worth of materials;

Some developments may have to have waste areas for individual tenants or on each floor;

Bin storage areas must be large enough to hold the waste generated and must comply with some other detailed requirements;

Compactors, chutes and lifts can be used subject to more detailed requirements;

Bins must comply with industry standards;

There must be a refrigerated waste room if more than 50 litres of meat, seafood or poultry waste are generated per day;


There must be a clear step-free access between any waste holding areas and storage areas;

Bins can be collected from permanent or temporary on-site storage areas; and

Where collection takes place on-site there must be unobstructed access for collection vehicles.

Mixed Use Developments

A Waste and Recycling Management Plan is required. In this case, although the DCC says that Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply (and these are covered above), there is also a Section 4 that deal with Mixed Use Developments.

The controls detailed in Section 4 are summarised below:

The design of residential bin areas must allow Territory waste and recycling services to be provided;

Residential and non-residential waste storage areas must be separate; and

Residential and non-residential waste storage systems must operate separately.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The DCC applies to the WBD and its provisions need to be addressed. The requirements are typical and not onerous. Details of the WBD are not yet complete enough to be able to say whether development complies with the DCC. The requirements of the DCC will need to be considered when individual buildings are designed and they are likely to comply if they are of conventional design. The WBWMS complies with the requirements set out in the DCC.

2.3.4 ACT NOWaste Recycling Guide - Where does your recycling go? 2004

This document is an information brochure that shows what materials can be recycled and what can’t.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The waste system for collecting recyclables in WBD must allow for the collection of the same materials that are collected in the rest of the ACT;

2.3.5 National Capital Plan

The National Capital Plan (NCP) is administered by the National Capital Planning Authority (NCPA) under the Commonwealth’s Australian Capital Territory (Planning and Land Management) Act 1988 (see Section 2.2.6).

The aim of the NCP is to ‘to ensure that Canberra and the Territory are planned and developed in accordance with their national significance.’ It sets out a range of principles, policies and standards required for land use, planning and roads, among other things, to maintain and enhance the character of the National Capital. It provides a framework for land use and development throughout the ACT and shows which areas are planned for urban development and which areas are not to be developed.

Volume One of the NCP deals directly with Designated Areas, areas of land that have the special characteristics of the National Capital.

Volume Two sets out the principles and policies of the Plan and the special requirements for the development of selected areas, other than Designated Areas. Development should be undertaken in accordance with agreed plans and the Territory Plan (see Section 2.3.6) should contain appropriate development controls.


The NCP has seven main principles and a range of strategies to achieve them. The seven principles are:

1. Protect the Griffin Legacy;

2. Build on the Griffin Legacy;

3. Revitalise the Vision with Growth in the Central National Area;

4. Link the City to the Central National Area;

5. Extend the City to the Lake;

6. Reinforce the Main Avenues; and

7. Link National Attractions.

Additional urban development mentioned in the plan include areas on the north-west fringe of Belconnen and areas mentioned as ‘under investigation’ also include, among others, land at West Belconnen, which has been identified as a potential future urban area.

The NCP proposes a system of Development Control Plans as a mechanism for specifying and applying special requirements. These would be prepared jointly between the ACT Government and the Commonwealth and administered by the ACT Government.

Development Control Plans may be prepared for certain large sites such as the University of Canberra.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The NCP does not mention waste management specifically. However, the draft 2014 Waste Development Control Plan (DCP) (see Section 2.3.3), is a product of the DCP mechanism outlined in the NCP.

It should be noted that the land at West Belconnen mentioned in the NCP is not the land proposed for the West Belconnen Development but is located further to the north east and is, in fact, already under development.

2.3.6 The Territory Plan

The Territory Plan is a planning document required under the Commonwealth Australian Capital Territory (Planning and Land Management) Act 1988 (see Section 2.2.6). It is a partner document to the National Capital Plan (NCP). The NCP is administered by the Commonwealth Government while the Territory Plan is administered by the ACT Government. The two plans must be consistent.

Similar to the NCP, the Territory Plan defines planning principles and policies and includes details and priorities for the planning, design and development of land in the ACT. It does not apply to Designated Areas under the NCP, but provides day to day planning and development guidance in all other areas.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The NCP does not mention waste management specifically. However, the draft 2014 DCP (see Section 2.3.3), is a product of the DCP mechanism outlined in the NCP.

2.3.7 Planning and Development Act 2007

The Planning and Development Act 2007 replaced the previous Land (Planning and Environment) Act 1991 and the Planning and Land Act 2002. It is the primary planning legislation in the ACT.

The Act administers five important elements of planning in the ACT:


The unique leasehold system (see Section 2.2.7) in operation in the ACT;

The Territory Plan (see Section 2.3.6);

The development of a planning strategy;

The development approvals process including environmental impact assessments; and

The reservation of public land for national parks and reserves.

Most of these strategies are the function of the ACT Planning and Land Authority.

The Act defines municipal waste as ‘domestic waste left for kerbside collection or taken directly to a waste station or transfer station; and waste produced from maintaining the environment, for example, from street cleaning, emptying public rubbish bins and cleaning parks.’ It does not include sewage.

Part 4.2 of the Act also specifies those waste facilities that require an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). These include:

A commercial landfill that;

o Accepts more than 5,000 tonnes per year or a total of 20,000 tonnes; or

o Will be located in an area with a high water table, highly permeable soils, sodic soils or saline soils; or

o Will be less than 2 km from a residential or commercial zone.

(Except if it only accepts inert earth, rock or virgin excavated natural material).

An incineration facility that;

o Destroys waste by thermal oxidation; or

o Sterilises clinical waste; or

o Handles regulated waste;

A waste transfer station or recycling facility that;

o Intends to handle more than 30,000 t of waste each year; or

o Will be less than 1 km from a residential or commercial zone; but

o Is not small-scale or is on or near a residential block and consists of small waste management bins or enclosures for private use.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD This is the Act that will regulate the development of any new waste facilities at the WBLS.

An EIS would be required if residential dwellings are located within 2 km of a landfill development. There are residential units currently within 2 km of the WBLS and as the development progresses, new dwellings would soon also be within 2 km. If a landfill is proposed however, the Act may not apply as there is already a landfill on the Belconnen site.

The amount of waste generated by the full complement of residential dwellings would also probably be greater than the 5,000 tonne threshold that triggers the preparation of an EIS. If an average of 9.63 kg of garbage (see Section 3.2.1) is produced per household per week and there are a total of 12,000 households in the finished development, this would amount to about 6,000 tonnes per year. Diversion and recovery of some materials such as food, could bring this below 5,000 tonnes.


If only inert C&D materials or VENM4 are proposed to be deposited in the landfill, no EIS would be required.

If a waste to energy facility was proposed, an EIS would need to be prepared. If a transfer station or processing facility for green waste or C&D material was proposed, the development of an EIS may well be avoided. The total amount of residential waste and recycling generated from the development is likely to be in the order of 10,000 tonnes per year (see Section 3.2.1). If these streams, and even if waste from other sources, such as commercial operations, pass through the facility, it is still unlikely that the 30,000 tonne threshold for an EIS would be reached.

An EIS would be required if a residential or commercial zone was within 1 km. Currently there are residential dwellings within 1 km of some parts of the WBLS. There are also commercial operations on Sustainability Street, which is within 1 km. If the commercial operations on Sustainability Street were no longer there, a transfer station or processing facility could be developed on parts of the landfill site without the need for an EIS. However, this should be done in the early stages of the development before new construction comes within the 1 km zone.

2.3.8 Environment Protection Act 1997 (ACT)

The Environment Protection Act 1997 aims to prevent harm to the environment by pollution and to enhance the quality of the environment. It creates a system of licences, environmental authorisations, environmental protection agreements, accredited codes of practice, environmental audits, environmental improvement plans, environment protection orders and prosecutions to control activities that might cause pollution. It also establishes the Environment Protection Authority to administer the Act and this system.

The Act specifically mentions waste. One of its objectives is to promote ‘reuse and recycling of materials and waste minimisation programs’ while another is to ‘control the generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste with a view to reducing, minimising and, where practical, eliminating harm to the environment’.

The Act defines waste as ‘any solid, liquid or gas, or any combination of them, that is a surplus product or unwanted by-product of an activity, whether the product or by-product is of value or not.’ It also specifically deals with regulated waste.

Incinerators, composting facilities, landfills and the commercial collection of waste from commercial properties are all classified as Class A activities under the Act. This means that environmental authorisation is required for these activities. Authorisation is granted to the person who conducts the activity. If that person is not the lessee of the land, the lessee must consent. An EIS may be required in the development of a new Class A activity before authorisation is granted. Conditions may be imposed on the activity as part of the authorisation.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The WBLS site already has authorisation under this Act. Any new composting facility or incinerator would need authorisation before it could operate. It is possible that an EIS would need to be prepared. The Act says nothing about transfer stations or the processing or storage or waste in general or C&D waste.

It is presumed that commercial waste contractors collecting commercial waste from properties in the completed development would have appropriate authorisation to do so, whether these services were operated independently, by the ACT Government or under some arrangement with Riverview Projectss.

4 Virgin excavated natural material


2.3.9 Environment Protection Policies

Environment Protection Policies (EPPs) are administrative documents provided for under the Environment Protection Act 1997. They are not legally binding, but provide information how the legislation will be administered and interpreted by the EPA.

Currently there are eight specific EPPs covering:

Air;

Noise;

Water quality;

Motor sport noise;

Outdoor concert noise;

Hazardous materials;

Wastewater reuse; and

Contaminated sites.

There is also a general EPP that covers the administration of the ACT. EPPs are reviewed occasionally at which time public comments may be sought.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD There are no EPPs relating to waste specifically. However, if a transfer station or waste processing facility was to be developed at the WBLS, it would most likely be subject to several EPPs.

2.4 New South Wales

2.4.1 NSW 2021

NSW 2021: A plan to make NSW number one is a 10 year plan for NSW. The plan identifies reducing waste generation and keeping materials circulating within the economy as priorities for NSW.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD Any initiative to increase waste diversion from WBD, reuse waste at the site and avoid disposal to landfill would be consistent with the objectives of NSW 2021.

2.4.2 Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2007

The Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2007 (WAARS 2007) is based on the original Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy released in February 2003. This strategy sets targets for avoidance for the State and was updated in 2006 through the release of the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy and Performance Report.

The 2007 Strategy retains the key result areas and targets identified in 2003 Strategy. They remain relevant in the current NSW economic, environmental and social climate and while they are ambitious, the targets are also realistic goals that will continue to provide an impetus for action across all sectors.

The four key outcome areas and their targets are shown in Table 3.


Table 3 – Broad targets for each outcome area in the WARRS 2007

Outcome area Target Preventing and avoiding waste To hold level the total waste generated for the next 5 years Increasing recovery and use of secondary resources

By 2014, to: Increase recovery and utilisation of materials from municipal sector

from the current 26% to 66% Increase recovery and utilisation of materials from the commercial and

industrial sector from the current 28% to 63% Increase recovery and utilisation of materials from the construction and

demolition sector from the current 65% to 76%. Reducing toxic substances in products and materials

By 2014 or earlier: To phase out priority substances in identified products as a first choice

or if not possible to achieve maximum recovery for re-use and; where identified products containing these priority substances require

disposal as a last resort, the permitted ‘leachability’ of the substances will be reduced to the levels that are permitted for inert waste.

Reducing litter and illegal dumping

Reduce total volume and tonnages of litter reported annually. Reduce the total tonnages of illegally dumped material reported by

regulatory agencies and RID squads annually.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD Any move by WBD to increase its waste diversion rate through the use of organics processing or AWT would be consistent with the objectives of the WARR Strategy and the targets set for municipal resource recovery.

2.4.3 Draft NSW Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2013-21

A state-wide waste avoidance and resource recovery strategy is prepared every five years to address this priority. The latest strategy is the ‘Draft NSW Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2013-21’, which provides the framework for maximising conservation of natural resources and minimising environmental harm from waste management and disposal of solid waste. The Draft Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2013-21 has been developed from a review of the 2007 waste strategy (see Section 2.4.2). This strategy also sets targets for waste avoidance for the State. The objectives and targets expressed in the draft strategy are shown below in each of the listed key result areas.

Avoid and reduce waste generation

Objective - Reducing the amount of material entering the waste management or recycling systems by using products and materials more efficiently and avoiding unnecessary product use.

Target - By 2021–22, reduce the rate of waste generation per capita.

Increase recycling

Objective – Increasing the amount of material that is recycled within the productive economy.

Target - By 2021–22, increase recycling rates for:

Municipal solid waste from 52% (in 2010–11) to 70%;

Commercial and industrial waste from 57% (in 2010–11) to 70%; and

Construction and demolition waste from 75% (in 2010–11) to 80%.


Divert more waste from landfill

Objective – Increasing the amount of material in the waste stream that is diverted from landfill to alternative uses, such as reuse, recycling and energy recovery.

Target - By 2021–22, increase the waste diverted from landfill from 63% (in 2010–11) to 75%.

Manage problem wastes better

Objective – Separating and managing materials in the waste stream that hinder effective recycling.

Target - By 2021–22, establish or upgrade 86 drop-off facilities or services for managing household problem wastes statewide.

Reduce litter

Objective – Reducing the presence of litter in the environment.

Target - By 2016–17, reduce the number of litter items by 40% compared with 2011–12 levels and then continue to reduce litter items to 2021–22.

Reduce illegal dumping

Objective – Reducing the incidence of illegal dumping in the community.

Target - From 2013–14, implement the NSW Strategy to Combat Illegal Dumping to reduce the incidence of illegal dumping statewide.

As part of this strategy, by 2016–17:

Reduce the incidence of illegal dumping of waste detected in Sydney and the Illawarra, Hunter and Central Coast regions by 30% compared with 2010–11; and

Establish baseline data to allow target-setting in other parts of the state.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD Any initiative to increase waste diversion from WBD through just about any means would be consistent with the objectives of the Draft Strategy.

2.4.4 Protection of the Environment and Operations Act 1997

The Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act) is one of the the key pieces of legislation that regulate waste in NSW.

The POEO Act aims to reduce risks to human health and prevent the degradation of the environment by the use of mechanisms that promote pollution prevention, the elimination of harmful wastes, the reduction in the use of materials, and the re-use, recovery or recycling of materials. Regulatory mechanisms such as the waste and environment levy (also known as the ‘landfill levy’ or ‘section 88’ levy) help drive waste avoidance and resource recovery by providing an economic incentive to reduce waste disposal and stimulate alternative waste technologies.

The POEO Act defines ‘waste’ for regulatory purposes5 and establishes management and licensing requirements along with offence provisions to deliver environmentally appropriate outcomes. The Act also establishes the ability to set various waste management requirements via the regulation.

5 A landmark decision in September 2012 in the NSW Land and Environment Court in the case of the NSW EPA v Terrace Earthmoving and Geoffrey James Page has potentially changed the definition of waste in NSW. Justice Craig decided that if the end-user found a material useful it is not ‘waste’ under the Act.


Under Section 88 of the POEO Act, all scheduled waste facilities (that is a waste facility that is required to be licensed under the Act) are required to pay a levy on each tonne of waste received at the facility. The levy is designed to encourage resource recovery and recycling of waste.

The waste and environment levy applies to all waste generated in or sourced from the Sydney metropolitan area (SMA), the extended regulated area (or ERA, being the Hunter and Illawarra regions) or the regional regulated area (or RRA being outer Sydney and the north coast of NSW) and received at a scheduled waste facility anywhere in NSW. The waste levy must also be paid on any waste generated or sourced from outside the SMA, ERA and RRA but disposed of at a scheduled waste facility in the SMA, ERA or RRA.

Waste facilities that are used solely for the purposes of reusing, recycling, processing or recovering waste, disposing of coal washery rejects, slags or virgin excavated natural material are not required to pay the levy.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD The parts of the WBD that are located in NSW are subject to the Act, as is Yass Valley Council, the local government area in which these parts are situated.

The section 88 levy does not currently apply to Yass Valley Council as it is outside the regulated areas. However, a recent review of the levy6, recommended that it be applied across the whole state. The State Government has stated that it does not intend to implement this recommendation, however, the initiation of certain programs by the EPA seems to suggest that it is preparing the way for wider levy implementation. In addition, some regional NSW councils, not yet covered by the levy are investigating a voluntary levy system.

It is possible that at some stage in the future, a levy of some sort will apply to Yass Valley Council and therefore, waste generated from the NSW part of the WBD may be subject to it. However, as the levy can only be collected at NSW landfills, provided the waste generated from the NSW part of the WBD is disposed of in the ACT, it would not be possible for the levy to be paid on this waste.

2.4.5 Protection of the Environment Operations (Waste) Regulation 2005

The Protection of the Environment Operations (Waste) Regulation 2005 sets out the way waste is to be stored and transported in NSW, as well as how it is reported and how records are kept at waste facilities.

The Regulation provides for contributions to be paid by the occupiers of licensed waste facilities for each tonne of waste received at the facility or generated in a particular area (the section 88 levy – see Section 2.4.4) and sets out the amounts of these contributions.

The Regulation also makes special requirements relating to asbestos and clinical waste.

The Regulation also governs a mechanism for recognising genuine resource recovery by allowing exemptions from the levy where material is applied to land or used as fuel. Exemptions can be granted where the use the waste material is genuine reuse rather than another way of disposing of it. Both general and specific resource recovery exemptions are issued.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD Those parts of the WBD located in NSW would be subject to the Regulation. However, as there are no waste facilities in this area, its scope would be limited. If Yass Valley Council was to be included in the area subject to a levy, it would be most likely be implemented though this Regulation.

6 KPMG (2012) Review of the NSW Waste and Environment Levy prepared for the NSW Environment Protection Authority


Any solid waste product generated by a facility operated by WBD that is to be used on NSW land as a soil conditioner or for agricultural purposes, must comply with the criteria for a resource recovery exemption otherwise it may be subject to licencing conditions and attract the landfill levy.

2.4.6 Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001

The Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001 (WARR Act) governs the strategic direction for waste management and resource recovery in NSW. The main objectives of the WARR Act are:

(a) ‘to encourage the most efficient use of resources and to reduce environmental harm in accordance with the principles of ecologically sustainable development,

(b) to ensure that resource management options are considered in accordance with the following hierarchical order:

(iv) avoidance of unnecessary resource consumption,

(v) resource recovery (including reuse, reprocessing, recycling and energy recovery), or

(vi) disposal,

(c) to provide for the continual reduction in waste generation,

(d) to minimise the consumption of natural resources and the final disposal of waste by encouraging the avoidance of waste and the reuse and recycling of waste,

(e) to ensure that industry shares with the community the responsibility for reducing and dealing with waste,

(f) to ensure the efficient funding of waste and resource management planning, programs and service delivery,

(g) to achieve integrated waste and resource management planning, programs and service delivery on a State-wide basis,

(h) to assist in the achievement of the objectives of the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997.’

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD Any move by the WBD to increase its waste diversion rate through the use of organics processing or AWT would be consistent with the objectives of the WARR Act.

2.4.7 Energy from Waste Policy

The NSW EPA has developed a policy for Energy from Waste.

It defines thermal treatment broadly but excludes:

Incineration and use of the technology for disposal only, that is, without energy recovery;

Thermal treatment of contaminated soil and hazardous materials;

Thermal treatment of waste exhumed from landfills; and

Mass burn of unseparated waste.

The policy statement establishes a two-tiered framework that separates the requirements for low-risk wastes from all other wastes.

Low-risk wastes are categorised as ‘eligible waste fuels’ and include a range of organic materials such as uncontaminated timber, paper pulp waste, recovered waste oil, landfill gas


and biogas and tyres. These materials may be may be thermally treated using a range of treatment technologies, provided a resource recovery exemption has been granted by the EPA.

Other waste types that are not eligible fuels must meet the requirements of an energy recovery facility. These requirements include international best practice techniques for process design and control, emission control equipment, emission monitoring, arrangements for the receipt of waste and management of residues.

A range of technical requirements have been specified including a residence time and temperature of 850oC for two seconds. There are also criteria for the resource recovery elements including specifying the proportion of residual waste allowed for energy recovery for different streams.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD The policy is likely to make it easier for councils and others to develop waste to energy facilities. This will increase the options for WBD when considering technologies or combinations of technologies for processing its waste, but only if the facility is planned to be located in NSW. Development of an energy from waste facility at the WBD would have to include waste separation and recovery elements before the energy conversion phases.

2.4.8 Alternative Waste Treatment Technologies Assessment Methodology and Handbook

This handbook was produced by the then NSW Department of Environment and Conservation in November 2003, so is now almost ten years old. The aim of the handbook was to provide waste decision-makers with a tool to help them assess and choose alternative waste technologies.

As well as a booklet, the handbook also comes with a compact disc that contains a number of Microsoft Excel templates that help users record, compile and compare information about different technology options.

The handbook is essentially a multi-criteria assessment tool that uses a set of assessment criteria groups under the areas of Financial, Environmental, Technical and Social to award scores for each technology and then weightings to reflect the importance of each criterion. Users can accommodate different technology proponents within technology groupings, include additional criteria and modify the weightings of the existing criteria.

The handbook does not provide any strategic assessment and is intended to be used within an integrated resource recovery framework.

Strategic Implications and Considerations for WBD The handbook could be a very useful tool for identifying and assessing technologies if a facility was planned for development at the WBD.

2.4.9 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979

Planning and development in NSW is carried out under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) and the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (the Regulation).

The EP&A Act provides the statutory basis for planning and environmental assessment in NSW. The Minister for Planning and Infrastructure, statutory authorities and local councils are responsible for implementing the EP&A Act. The EP&A Act provides the framework for environmental planning and development approvals and includes provisions to ensure that the potential environmental impacts of a development are assessed and considered in the decision-making process.


The need or otherwise for development consent is set out in environmental planning instruments – State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPPs) or Local Environmental Plans (LEPs).

‘Designated development’ under the Act requires approval by the State Government. The EP&A Regulations classify ‘waste management facilities or works’ as designated development if they meet the following criteria:

(1) ‘Waste management facilities or works that store, treat, purify or dispose of waste or sort, process, recycle, recover, use or reuse material from waste and:

(a) that dispose (by landfilling, incinerating, storing, placing or other means) of solid or liquid waste:

(i) that includes any substance classified in the Australian Dangerous Goods Code or medical, cytotoxic or quarantine waste, or

(ii) that comprises more than 100,000 tonnes of ‘clean fill’ (such as soil, sand, gravel, bricks or other excavated or hard material) in a manner that, in the opinion of the consent authority, is likely to cause significant impacts on drainage or flooding, or

(iii) that comprises more than 1,000 tonnes per year of sludge or effluent, or

(iv) that comprises more than 200 tonnes per year of other waste material, or

(b) that sort, consolidate or temporarily store waste at transfer stations or materials recycling facilities for transfer to another site for final disposal, permanent storage, reprocessing, recycling, use or reuse and:

(v) that handle substances classified in the Australian Dangerous Goods Code or medical, cytotoxic or quarantine waste, or

(vi) that have an intended handling capacity of more than 10,000 tonnes per year of waste containing food or livestock, agricultural or food processing industries waste or similar substances, or

(vii) that have an intended handling capacity of more than 30,000 tonnes per year of waste such as glass, plastic, paper, wood, metal, rubber or building demolition material, or

(c) that purify, recover, reprocess or process more than 5,000 tonnes per year of solid or liquid organic materials, or

(d) that are located:

(viii) in or within 100 metres of a natural waterbody, wetland, coastal dune field or environmentally sensitive area, or

(ix) in an area of high watertable, highly permeable soils, acid sulphate, sodic or saline soils, or

(x) within a drinking water catchment, or

(xi) within a catchment of an estuary where the entrance to the sea is intermittently open, or

(xii) on a floodplain, or

(xiii) within 500 metres of a residential zone or 250 metres of a dwelling not associated with the development and, in the opinion of the consent authority, having regard to topography and local meteorological conditions, are likely to


significantly affect the amenity of the neighbourhood by reason of noise, visual impacts, air pollution (including odour, smoke, fumes or dust), vermin or traffic.’

Strategic Implications and Considerations for the Development

Any waste management facilities planned for the NSW part of the WBD, that meet the criteria in the Act, would be subject to approval by the NSW State Government and would have to undergo an approval process requiring significant time and resources, including the preparation of an EIS.

2.4.10 State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) 2011

State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) 2011 (the State and Regional Development SEPP) identifies development:

To which the State significant development assessment and approval process under Part 4 of the EP&A Act applies; and

That is State significant infrastructure and critical State significant infrastructure.

Development that is specified in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2 is declared to be State significant development. Clause 23 of Schedule 1 states:

(1) ‘Development for the purpose of regional putrescible landfills or an extension to a regional putrescible landfill that:

(a) has a capacity to receive more than 75,000 tonnes per year of putrescible waste, or

(b) has a capacity to receive more than 650,000 tonnes of putrescible waste over the life of the site, or

(c) is located in an environmentally sensitive area of State significance.

(2) Development for the purpose of waste or resource transfer stations in metropolitan areas of the Sydney region that handle more than 100,000 tonnes per year of waste.

(3) Development for the purpose of resource recovery or recycling facilities that handle more than 100,000 tonnes per year of waste.

(4) Development for the purpose of waste incineration that handles more than 1,000 tonnes per year of waste.

(5) Development for the purpose of hazardous waste facilities that transfer, store or dispose of solid or liquid waste classified in the Australian Dangerous Goods Code or medical, cytotoxic or quarantine waste that handles more than 1,000 tonnes per year of waste.

(6) Development for the purpose of any other liquid waste depot that treats, stores or disposes of industrial liquid waste and:

(a) handles more than 10,000 tonnes per year of liquid food or grease trap waste, or

(b) handles more than 1,000 tonnes per year of other aqueous or non-aqueous liquid industrial waste.’

Where a proposal meets any of these requirements it would meet the definition of State significant development. The Minister for Planning and Infrastructure would become the consent authority and an environmental impact statement would need to be prepared.



Any waste management facilities planned for the NSW part of the WBD, that meet the criteria, would be subject to this SEPP and require approval by the NSW State Government.

2.4.11 Sydney-Canberra Corridor Regional Strategy

The Sydney-Canberra Corridor Regional Strategy was prepared by Planning NSW and adopted in 1998. It outlines a plan for growth to 2031 within the area linking the two cities. A 2010 updated strategy builds on this previous work as well as the ACT and Subregion Planning Strategy.

The Strategy identifies a need within the region to diversify housing types to meet the demands of an ageing population and the increase in single and childless couple households. It sets out ‘Threshold Sustainability Criteria’ against which both Councils and the NSW Government must consider rezoning proposals. Criteria 7 is Environmental Protection and requires developments to ‘Protect and enhance biodiversity, air quality, heritage and waterway health’.

The strategy will guide local planning in the six local government areas in the corridor; Wingecarribee, Goulburn Mulwaree, Upper Lachlan, Yass Valley, Palerang and Queanbeyan. The regional strategy also recognises the importance of working co-operatively with the ACT and represents the NSW Government’s position on settlement within the cross-border region.


The Strategy does not specifically address waste management, other than to support ‘suitable locally generated and/or renewable energy projects such as … bio-waste’. Yass Valley Council is one of the local government areas covered by the Strategy and is identified as area for housing expansion, although this is expected to be to Yass and Murrumbateman rather than close to the ACT. Waste is not mentioned in relation to Yass Valley Council.

The Threshold Sustainability Criteria do not address waste specifically. Principle 2 under Settlement Principles for the Southern Subregion relates to cross-border development and states that ‘Compatibility of land use, road connections and service ties must support future development’. Compatible service ties could relate to waste management.

2.4.12 Regional Development Australia Southern Inland 5 year Regional Plan

This plan produced by Regional Development Australia Southern Inland (RDASI), sets out the key issues faced by Southern Inland NSW, its strategic priorities and its activity framework.

The key issues include:

1. Skills and labour shortages;

2. The need to support business and industry sector development;

3. Population change and movement;

4. The influence of the ACT;

5. Transport infrastructure and services;

6. The impacts of climate change and the economy on Agriculture;

7. Inadequate Information and Communications Technologies;

8. Leadership in the local community;

9. Tourism;

10. Health; and


11. Planning and infrastructure.

Strategic priorities include:

1. Promote regional living;

2. Education for skills;

3. Transport and infrastructure;

4. Agribusiness;

5. Renewable energy generation; and

6. Information and communications technology.

The plan makes several references to waste in relation to renewable energy technology.

In the Strategic Priorities section dealing with Renewable Energy Generation one of the actions listed is to ‘support the work of [Zero Waste Australia7] in promoting and leading the implementation of more effective waste management strategies, resource recovery opportunities and REG [Renewable Energy Generation] technologies for Local Councils, agricultural enterprises and other businesses in the region.’

In a section headed ‘The Impacts of Climate Change and the Economy on Agriculture’ there is mention of placing emphasis on clean green technology and the need in the Region to focus on ‘opportunities and materials re biomass and other bio energy opportunities rather than problems’.

Renewable Energy Generation is listed under Key Area of Focus D - Add Value in any activity to which RDASI contributes or participates in. In the section headed Resource Recovery, identification of ‘opportunities to support the work of Zero Waste Australia and the SEROC [South East Regional Organisation of Councils] and the South East Resource Recovery Group (SERRG) link relevant initiatives with support opportunities from programs such as the Regional Development Australia Fund (RDAF) and Clean Energy Future.’


This document is a broad strategy for regional development that focusses on NSW. The possible development of waste processing facilities at the WBD that generate energy may be in keeping with the aims of this strategy, but as these would most likely be located in the ACT and provide little benefit to most parts of inland southern NSW, the strategy provides little of relevance to the WBD.

2.5 Yass Valley Council

2.5.1 Yass Valley Local Environmental Plan 2013

The Yass Valley Local Environmental Plan 2013 sets out planning provisions for land in the council area. It aims to:

Establish planning controls that promote sustainable development;

Protect high quality agricultural land and encourage emerging agricultural industries;

Encourage housing diversity;

Promote employment-generating tourism;

Provide for commercial and industrial development; 7 Zero Waste Australia is a loose organisation of consultants and some small corporations that promotes reduction in waste to landfill. It has roots in the Goulburn ACT area and is most well-known for its City to Soil initiative.


Encourage the establishment of retail and professional services in urban locations;

Protect and enhance the character of each of the villages in Yass Valley;

Enhance service provision in each of the villages in Yass Valley;

Protect and conserve the cultural heritage and history of Yass Valley;

Protect and enhance the environmental and biodiversity values of Yass Valley; and

Minimise land use conflicts.

Maps8 attached to the LEP show the WBD area as zoned E3 Environmental Management and RU1 Primary Production. Waste or resource management facilities are permitted with consent in Zone RU1 but prohibited in Zone E3.

Under Section 5.13 Eco-tourist facilities, the LEP specified that ‘waste generation during construction and operation will be avoided’ and ‘that any waste will be appropriately removed efficient and minimal energy and water use and waste output’.

The LEP also lists a number of ‘Water, Waste and Sewerage Buffers’ but none of these are close to the WBD.


While some elements of the LEP may be relevant to the development of residential dwellings in the NSW section of the WBD, there is little in regard to waste management that is relevant to the WBD. It is likely that the WBD area would need to be rezoned to allow housing to be constructed there in which case the current zones are of little relevance. Having said that, a waste or resource management facility could be developed now, with permission, in the areas zoned RU1 Primary Production.

2.5.2 Development Control Plan (Exempt & Complying Development) 1999

This document sets out what types of development require, or do not require, consent from Council to proceed. The document makes only one reference to waste specifying that home occupation must not interfere ‘with the amenity of the neighbourhood by the reason of the emission of … [among other things] waste,… or otherwise’.


The proper design of dwellings in the WBD and the provision of regular waste collection services should satisfy the requirements of this DCP.

2.5.3 Development Control Plan Multi-unit Residential Development 2003

This document sets out how a range of issues are to be dealt with for multi-unit developments in Yass Valley Council on land zoned 2(a) Residential. It specifies that the plans should show where waste is to be stored and provides some simple requirements for this storage area. It also specifies that a ‘management statement’ is to be prepared that describes how developments will be managed during occupation and use. One of the issues that the management statement is to deal with is waste, although there are no specifications for the management of waste during occupation and use.

8 8710_COM_LZN_002_160_20130424 and 8710_COM_LZN_005_160_20130424



Under the current plans for the WBD, no multi-unit development is expected on the NSW side of the border. In addition, none of the land on the NSW side of the border is zoned 2(a) Residential which is where the DCP applies. The DCP would only apply if and was zoned 2(a) Residential.

2.5.4 Community Strategic Plan 2013 – 2030

The Community Strategic Plan addresses the long term needs of the Yass community and will be used as input for other important planning documents. It aims to guide the direction of Yass Valley Council and the community up until 2030. Seven focus areas are covered for future directions. These are:

1. Natural Environment;

2. Local Economy;

3. Community and Culture;

4. Recreation and Open Space;

5. Rural and Urban Development;

6. Local Infrastructure and Services; and

7. Council Governance and Finance.

One of the strategies for achieving Long Term Goal ‘1.1 Our natural environment remains clean and healthy’ is the development of a sustainable waste strategy. Having access to good waste management and recycling services is also is stated as something the community values.


The Community Strategic Plan requires the preparation of a waste strategy. It is expected that that part of the WBD in Yass Valley Council would be mentioned in the strategy as a special case where its proximity to Canberra, position as a contiguous part of the WBD and remoteness from other Yass Valley Council residential areas, would require waste services to be provided from the ACT side as part of services provided to the whole development.

2.5.5 Resourcing Strategy 2013 – 2017

This document assesses Council’s current position in regard to its assets, potential funding gaps, risks associated with asset groups and the strategies required to combat risks. It sets out therefore, how Council will manage its assets, its workforce and its long term finances.

The Strategy refers to Council’s waste management assets, the waste services it provides and shows the staff structure for waste management including resourcing requirements.

The Asset Management Strategy of the Resourcing Strategy sets out the actions to be undertaken to address the requirements of the Community Strategy Plan, including the development of a Waste Management Strategy and regional waste strategies with regional waste groups.


This Strategy has no direct bearing on the WBD as Council will probably not be required to locate any assets or provide any services in the WBD. Regional waste strategies may oblige Yass Valley Council to handle its waste in particular ways and dispose of it at particular places. It may be that the WBD would need to be referred to in the strategies as an area exempted from these requirements or, if the ACT is included in the strategies, at least mentioned as an area under the ACT’s purview.


2.5.6 Delivery Program 2013 – 2017

The Delivery Program is one of four inter-related elements of Council’s Integrated Planning and Reporting framework. The other elements are the Community Strategic Plan, an Operational Plan and Council’s Annual Report. The Delivery Program draws upon the Community Strategy Plan and the Resourcing Strategy to set out the strategic action, responsibilities, external stakeholders and key performance indicators for each Strategy under the Community Strategic Plan.

One of the Strategies is the development of a Waste Management Strategy. The regional local government group, SERROC, and regional waste group, SWRWMG9, are listed as external stakeholders along with ‘Other councils in region’. ACT is not a member of SWRWMG and it is not clear if the ACT is included in this group.


Occupation by residents of land in Yass Valley Council as part of the WBD is not expected to take place until approximately 2032, so it is not surprising that the WBD is not mentioned in any of these planning documents.

2.5.7 Operational Plan 2013 – 2014

The Operational Plan is one of four inter-related elements of Council’s Integrated Planning and Reporting framework. The other elements are the Community Strategic Plan, a Delivery Program and Council’s Annual Report. The Operational Plan is a sub-plan of the Delivery Program and records the planned activity and expenditure for each year.

Waste is mentioned in a number of places;

Council provides a pensioner rebate of 50% on waste charges;

Council levies residents for waste services other than the kerbside collection, including operation of landfills and transfer stations;

Council’s Domestic Waste Management Charge for residents can only be the cost of providing the kerbside service; and

Council charges businesses for waste collection as a separate service.

The Plan also sets out all the charges for different waste management services provided by Council.


Future charging of residents for waste services is an issue of concern for Council. The waste services enjoyed by residents of Yass Valley Council in the WBD will not be provided by Council, yet those residents will be paying Council for those services through their rates. An agreement will need to be struck between Yass Valley Council and ACT NOWaste that sets out the services to be provided by ACT NOWaste and costs to be paid by Council. Council is concerned that there will not be equity between what all residents of Yass pay and the services they receive. According to NSW legislation, Yass cannot charge its residents more than the cost of providing the services.

2.5.8 Town and Villages Study 2010

This study is one of four that sit within the framework of the NSW Government’s Sydney-Canberra Corridor Regional Strategy. The others are the Yass Industrial Lands Study, the Yass Commercial Precinct Study and the Yass Valley Non-Urban Lands Study. It focuses on the

9 South Western Regional Waste Management Group


areas around Binalong, Bowning, Gundaroo, Murrumbateman, Sutton, Yass, Wee Jasper and Bookham and sets out a Growth Plan for the Yass Valley which aligns with the Sydney-Canberra Corridor Strategy.


The Study does not specifically refer to waste management and does not have any direct relevance to the WBD.

2.5.9 Built Forms Study 2011

The Draft Yass Built Form Study has been prepared by Council planners to determine built form development standards (minimum lot sizes for subdivision, building height and floor space ratios) for the town of Yass for inclusion in the new LEP.


The Study deals with the Town of Yass only and has no direct relevance to the WBD.

2.6 Selected Relevant Documents

2.6.1 WMAA Code of Best Practice for Waste Processing in the Construction and Demolition Industries

This document produced by the Waste Management Association of Australia addresses many of the risks and impacts of C&D waste processing and proposes methods for managing and mitigating them. It covers four main stages in C&D waste generation and management:

1. The development application phase;

2. The demolition and construction phases;

3. Transport from the development or project site to a resource recovery facility; and

4. Processing at a resource recovery facility.


The document provides a comprehensive and useful guide to C&D waste handling and processing. Information from this guide has been incorporated into the proposed operation of the Construction and Demolition Recovery Facility in Section 0 and into Volume 1 - Strategic Waste Reduction Plan of the WBWMS.

2.6.2 Place-Based Approaches to C&I Waste and Recycling10

A place-based approach to waste and recycling establishes and manages a single waste collection system or contract over a number of (usually commercial) customers. Waste management systems organised by building management in an office building or shopping centre are forms of place-based waste management. However, this approach outside of a system where customers are tenants is unusual as commercial customers typically arrange their own waste collection services.

This document prepared for the Commonwealth Government considers seven general place-based approaches to commercial and industrial (C&I) waste management. These are:

1. Precinct or place-based licensing;

2. Place-based direct investment;

10 Hyder (2012) Place-Based-Approaches to C&I Waste and Recycling


3. Place-based restrictions on direct landfill disposal;

4. Waste catchment analysis;

5. Waste matching initiatives;

6. Minimum recovery / recycling standards; and

7. Opportunities to enhance the uptake of the NABERS11 Waste.

The central premise of placed-based solutions is the ability to tailor requirements to meet local conditions. Some of the potential advantages of place-based approaches include:

Reducing waste generation;

Increasing resource recovery;

Aiding in the development of critical infrastructure; and

Providing a range of efficiencies such reduced truck movements and fewer bins.

Potential barriers include:

Issues with the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth);

Resistance to change and increased bureaucracy;

A lack of data on which to base decisions; and

Administration and enforcement difficulties.


Place-based waste management is not a new idea and is already in operation in parts of Australia and elsewhere. A unique opportunity exists to implement a place-based system on a large scale at the commercial and retail precinct at the WBD with potentially significant advantages.

11 National Australian Built Environment Rating System


3. Waste Quantities and Characteristics 3.1 Construction

3.1.1 Assumptions

Standard measures12 have been used to estimate the waste quantities and types likely to be generated from the construction and road making activities undertaken over the course of the construction of Stages 1-15 of the WBD.

Excluded from calculations in this chapter is:

Waste associated with the construction of buildings and infrastructure other that those listed in the tables;

Contaminated waste;

Consideration for modular or pre-fabricated construction; and

Stages beyond Stage 15.

All volumes are net and exclude bulking factors.

3.1.2 Residential

Estimates of the amounts of waste by weight and volume generated from the construction of an average house are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 4 - Construction Waste Quantities per Average House13

Construction Area

Waste Item Material Type

Weight Volume Quantity

(t) Proportion Quantity

(m3) Proportion

Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.13 38.46% 2.56 18.2% Reinforcement Mesh Steel 0.04 0.28% 0.01 0.1%

Reinforcement Bars Steel 0.46 2.89% 0.06 0.4% Masonry Face Brickwork Brick 4.86 30.47% 3.06 21.8%

Common Brickwork Brick 3.24 20.31% 2.04 14.5% Roofing Metal Roof Sheeting Aluminium 0.04 0.25% 0.35 2.5%

Concrete Roof Tiles Concrete 0.39 2.44% 0.83 5.9% Eaves Gutter Aluminium 0.01 0.06% 0.07 0.5%

Windows Aluminium Windows - Glass Windows 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Aluminium Windows - Reveals Timber 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Aluminium Glazed Sliding Doors Windows 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Carpentry Timber Roof Truss Timber 0.004 0.024% 0.20 1.4% Timber Wall Framing Timber 0.005 0.034% 0.22 1.5%

Insulation Roofing Insulation / Sarking Composite 0.001 0.008% 0.64 4.5% Ceiling Insulation Glass fibre 0.002 0.011% 0.86 6.1% Wall Insulation Glass fibre 0.002 0.010% 0.81 5.7%

12 Building waste has been calculated using industry standard metrics. The metrics adopted by this assessment have been benchmarked against published studies including ‘Net Waste Tool, guide to reference data, version 1.0, May 2008’. 13 Traditional construction methods have been assumed. Residential buildings will generally comprise: Slab on ground [excluding piled foundation], timber stud framed walls, timber truss roof, foil and batt insulation, roof cladding - 50% metal and 50% concrete tile, masonry façade, aluminium windows [prefabricated off site], plasterboard internal wall lining, fibre cement sheet lining, ceramic wall tiling, ceramic floor tiling, carpet floor finishes, paint finishes, kitchen and bathroom joinery [off site], engineering services [hydraulic and electrical], external fencing - 50% metal and 50% timber and external pavements [driveway and footpath].


Plasterboard Linings

Standard Plasterboard Plasterboard 0.14 0.85% 0.30 2.1% Impact Resistant Plasterboard Plasterboard 0.28 1.77% 0.63 4.5% Fibre Cement Plasterboard 0.09 0.59% 0.21 1.5% Fibre Cement Soffit Lining Plasterboard 0.05 0.31% 0.11 0.8% Fire Rated Plasterboard Plasterboard 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Tiling Wall Tiling Ceramic 0.05 0.28% 0.03 0.2% Floor Tiling Ceramic 0.09 0.57% 0.06 0.5%

Floor Finishes Carpet Carpet 0.003 0.02% 0.05 0.3% Fencing Metal Fence Aluminium 0.02 0.10% 0.08 0.5%

Timber Fence Timber 0.02 0.12% 0.09 0.6% Low Height Pool Looped Fence Aluminium 0.01 0.04% 0.06 0.4%

Hydraulic Services

Rainwater Tanks HDPE 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Split System Solar Hot Water Heater Composite 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Fit Out Kitchen Fit out Timber 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Bathroom Fit out Timber 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Electrical Services

SDI Cabling Plastic coated copper

0.00003 0.0002% 0.000010 0.00007%

TPS Cabling Plastic coated copper

0.00065 0.004% 0.000010 0.00007%

Building Wire (Earthing Wire) Plastic coated copper

0.00002 0.000% 0.000001 0.00001%

Hydraulic Services

Cold Water Supply Pipework PVC 0.001 0.006% 0.12 0.9% Hot Water Supply Pipework PVC 0.001 0.003% 0.08 0.5% Sewerage Pipework PVC 0.004 0.026% 0.21 1.5% Waste Water Pipework PVC 0.007 0.045% 0.36 2.5%

Total 15.95 100% 14.07 100.0%

The table shows that construction of the typical house results in the generation of about 16 tonnes of waste which would occupy about 14 m3 of space. Dense materials such as concrete, bricks and masonry account for more than 90% by weight of waste and more than 60% by volume.

An estimate of the total amount of waste of different types that may be generated from residential construction during a stage was calculated by multiplying these quantities by the number of houses proposed for each stage. In addition, the amount of soil waste has been calculated separately by assuming that each residential block will be excavated to a net depth of 100 mm for dwelling properties and 200 mm for roads. That is, excavation could be to any depth but excavated soil will be reused at each site and only the equivalent of a surface layer of 100 mm (or 200 mm) will remain and required handling and disposal.

The total quantities of construction waste from the residential areas by stage for Stages 1-15, including excavated soil are shown in Table 5 below. A map showing the stages can be found in Figure 1 on page 3.


Table 5 - Quantities of Residential Construction Waste and Soil by Stage

Stage Area (ha) Number of Dwellings

Weight (t) Volume (m3) Construction

Waste Excavated

Soil Construction

Waste Excavated

Soil Stage 1 20.0 300 4,785 15,976 4,222 9,985 Stage 2 10.1 300 4,785 8,096 4,222 5,060 Stage 3 25.0 300 4,785 19,976 4,222 12,485 Stage 4 3.9 300 4,785 3,152 4,222 1,970 Stage 5 14.8 300 4,785 11,840 4,222 7,400 Stage 6 12.6 300 4,785 10,056 4,222 6,285 Stage 7 7.4 317 5,056 5,896 4,461 3,685 Stage 8 13.3 300 4,785 10,640 4,222 6,650 Stage 9 23.4 300 4,785 18,752 4,222 11,720 Stage 10 11.9 300 4,785 9,480 4,222 5,925 Stage 11 3.6 300 4,785 2,864 4,222 1,790 Stage 12 14.6 326 5,199 11,664 4,588 7,290 Stage 13 4.3 300 4,785 3,448 4,222 2,155 Stage 14 11.6 300 4,785 9,272 4,222 5,795 Stage 15 7.5 300 4,785 9,272 4,222 5,795 Total 184 4543 72,460 150,384 63,935 93,990

The table shows that over the course of Stages 1-15, more than 150,000 tonnes (almost 95,000 cubic metres) of soil will be generated according to the stated criteria. The amount of building waste is less with just over 72,000 tonnes (just under 64,000 cubic metres) being produced.

3.1.3 Retail

The same proportions of waste per structure (as shown in Table 4 above) have also been used to calculate the amount of waste that could potentially be generated during the construction of the shopping centre at the centre of the development. The shopping centre is expected to be developed in Stage 11 of WBD.

The main difference between residential and commercial construction is the size of the internal spaces. The proportions of waste types generated are comparable, but a factor of 1:1.1 has been applied to take into account this difference.

The quantities of waste and soil estimated to be generated from retail construction are shown in Table 6 below.

Table 6 - Quantities of Retail Construction Waste and Soil

Shopping Centre Stage

Gross Floor Area (m2) WBD Stage


Waste Excavated

Soil Construction

Waste Excavated

Soil First 8,100 Stage 11 1,137 648 1,003 405

3.1.4 Community and Other Structures

The method used to calculate construction waste quantities for other structures and community facilities was the same as that used for residential and retail structures. The quantities of waste and soil estimated to be generated from this construction in Stages 1-15 are shown in Table 7 below.


Table 7 - Quantities of Other Structures and Community Facilities Construction Waste and Soil – Stages 1-15

Structure/ Facility Gross Floor Area (m2)

Estimated Development

Stage


Waste Excavated

Soil Construction

Waste Excavated

Soil Aged Care Facility - Nursing Home/Hostel 15,000 12 1,914 1,200 1,689 750

Hotels/Motels Accommodation 5,000 1 638 400 563 250 Hotels Tavern/Club 1 5,000 1 1,276 400 563 250 Hotels Tavern/Club 2 10,000 3 1,276 800 1,126 500 Hotels Tavern/Club 3 15,000 15 1,939 1,200 1,689 750 Medical GP 1 200 3 26 16 23 10 Medical GP 2 200 3 26 16 23 10 Medical GP 3 200 10 26 16 23 10 Medical GP 4 200 10 26 16 23 10 Primary Education Government 1 35,000 1 4,466 2,800 3,941 1,750

Primary Education Government 2 35,000 3 4,466 2,800 3,941 1,750

Secondary Education Government HS 76,000 10 9,697 6,080 8,557 3,800

Transport bus stop 200 13 26 16 23 10 Community Centre - District 1,600 3 204 128 180 80 Library 1,200 3 153 96 135 60 Religious facility 1 250 3 32 20 28 13 Religious facility 2 250 10 32 20 28 13

3.1.5 Roads

Estimates of the total quantities of waste from the construction of roads by stage are shown in Table 8 below. This consists mostly of asphalt, rock and gravel and soil with small amounts of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, timber and organic material.

Table 8 – Total Quantities of Roads Construction Waste - Stages 1-15

Stage Tonnes Cubic Metres Stage 1 49,331 31,070 Stage 2 25,025 15,762 Stage 3 61,723 38,875 Stage 4 9,754 6,144 Stage 5 36,578 23,038 Stage 6 30,982 19,513 Stage 7 18,229 11,481 Stage 8 32,860 20,697 Stage 9 57,925 36,483 Stage 10 29,303 18,456 Stage 11 8,835 5,564 Stage 12 36,019 22,686 Stage 13 10,634 6,697 Stage 14 28,663 18,053 Stage 15 18,629 11,733 Total 636,393 286,252


Bulk excavation for roads assumes a net average of 200 mm of soil will require handling and disposal. That is, excavation could be to any depth but excavated soil will be reused and only the equivalent of a surface layer of 200 mm will remain.

To estimate the capacity of the required C&D Recovery Facility (see Section 7.1), an estimate of the average amounts of a range of recoverable materials likely to be generated each week during construction have been made for each stage of the development depending on what residential, retail, road, community and other construction is expected to take place in that stage. A number of assumptions have been made as to what construction activities will take place during each stage. These along with estimates of the amounts of each material are shown in Table 9 below.


Table 9 - Estimates of Total Quantities of Waste Types Generated per Week by Weight (t) – Stages 1-15

Stag

e

Alum

iniu

m

Asph

alt

Bric

k

Cer

amic

Con

cret

e

Gla

ss fi

bre

Org

anic

Plas

terb

oard

Plas

tic c

oate

d co

pper

PVC

Rei

nfor

ced

Con

cret

e

Roc

k an

d gr

avel

Soil

Stee

l

Tim

ber

Non

-rec

ycla

ble

Tota

l

Stage 114 0.9 284.8 102.8 1.73 99.8 0.04 0.11 7.14 0.009 0.16 0.56 266.0 307.2 6.6 0.6 0.06 1,078.6 Stage 2 0.4 144.5 46.7 0.79 46.3 0.02 0.06 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.29 135.0 155.7 3.0 0.3 0.03 536.3 Stage 315 4.0 356.3 456.0 7.66 388.5 0.19 0.14 31.67 0.040 0.72 0.70 332.9 384.2 28.7 1.9 0.25 1,993.9 Stage 4 0.4 56.3 46.7 0.79 41.0 0.02 0.02 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.11 52.6 60.6 3.0 0.2 0.03 265.1 Stage 5 0.4 211.2 46.7 0.79 50.2 0.02 0.08 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.42 197.3 227.7 3.1 0.3 0.03 741.6 Stage 6 0.4 178.9 46.7 0.79 48.3 0.02 0.07 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.35 167.1 193.4 3.1 0.3 0.03 642.7 Stage 7 0.4 105.2 49.4 0.83 46.1 0.02 0.04 3.43 0.004 0.08 0.21 98.3 113.4 3.2 0.3 0.03 420.9 Stage 8 0.4 189.7 46.7 0.79 49.0 0.02 0.08 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.37 177.2 204.6 3.1 0.3 0.03 675.6 Stage 9 0.4 334.4 46.7 0.79 57.6 0.02 0.13 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.66 312.4 360.6 3.2 0.4 0.03 1,120.7 Stage 1016 0.5 169.2 51.8 0.87 51.9 0.02 0.07 3.60 0.005 0.08 0.33 158.0 182.3 3.4 0.3 0.03 622.4 Stage 11 0.5 51.0 57.8 0.97 49.6 0.02 0.02 4.02 0.005 0.09 0.10 47.6 55.1 3.6 0.2 0.03 270.9 Stage 1217 0.6 207.9 69.5 1.17 68.4 0.03 0.08 4.82 0.006 0.11 0.41 194.3 224.3 4.5 0.4 0.04 776.5 Stage 1318 0.4 61.4 48.2 0.81 42.5 0.02 0.02 3.35 0.004 0.08 0.12 57.3 66.3 3.1 0.2 0.03 283.9 Stage 14 0.4 165.5 46.7 0.79 47.5 0.02 0.07 3.25 0.004 0.07 0.33 154.6 178.3 3.0 0.3 0.03 600.9 Stage 1519 0.6 107.6 65.4 1.10 59.1 0.03 0.04 4.54 0.006 0.10 0.21 100.5 116.0 4.2 0.3 0.04 459.7 Average 0.7 174.9 81.9 1.4 76.4 0.03 0.07 5.7 0.007 0.13 0.35 163.4 188.6 5.2 0.4 0.04 699.3

Table 9 shows that asphalt, rock and gravel and soil will be largest quantities of waste materials generated per week by weight during Stages 1-15. These three materials form as much as 80-90% of all materials in some stages.

14 Includes one hotel/motel accommodation, one hotel tavern/club and one primary school. 15 Includes one hotel/motel accommodation, one primary school, two medical GP centres, one district community centre, one library and one religious facility. 16 Includes two medical GP centres, one secondary education high school, one religious facility and Stage 1 of the retail centre. 17 Includes one aged care facility - nursing home/hostel. 18 Includes 10 bus stops. 19 Includes one hotel tavern/club.


Table 10 - Estimates of Total Quantities of Waste Types Generated per Week by Volume (m3) – Stages 1-15

Stag

e

Alum

iniu

m

Asph

alt

Bric

k

Cer

amic

Con

cret

e

Gla

ss fi

bre

Org

anic

Plas

terb

oard

Plas

tic c

oate

d co

pper

PVC

Rei

nfor

ced

Con

cret

e

Roc

k an

d gr

avel

Soil

Stee

l

Tim

ber

Non

-re

cycl

able

Tota

l

Stage 120 6.9 174.7 64.8 1.2 49.8 21.2 4.4 15.9 0.00027 9.7 6.1 165.1 431.6 0.9 7.0 8.7 968 Stage 2 3.2 88.6 29.4 0.6 23.0 9.6 2.2 7.2 0.00012 4.4 3.1 83.8 218.8 0.4 3.2 4.0 482 Stage 321 30.8 218.6 287.3 5.5 199.1 94.0 5.5 70.4 0.00118 43.2 7.6 206.6 539.8 4.0 29.0 38.6 1,780 Stage 4 3.2 34.6 29.4 0.6 20.9 9.6 0.9 7.2 0.00012 4.4 1.2 32.6 85.2 0.4 3.0 4.0 237 Stage 5 3.2 129.6 29.4 0.6 24.6 9.6 3.3 7.2 0.00012 4.4 4.5 122.4 319.9 0.4 3.4 4.0 667 Stage 6 3.2 109.7 29.4 0.6 23.8 9.6 2.8 7.2 0.00012 4.4 3.8 103.7 271.3 0.4 3.3 4.0 577 Stage 7 3.3 64.6 31.1 0.6 23.2 10.2 1.6 7.6 0.00013 4.7 2.3 61.0 159.4 0.4 3.3 4.2 377 Stage 8 3.2 116.4 29.4 0.6 24.1 9.6 3.0 7.2 0.00012 4.4 4.1 110.0 287.4 0.4 3.3 4.0 607 Stage 9 3.2 205.2 29.4 0.6 27.6 9.6 5.2 7.2 0.00012 4.4 7.2 193.9 506.7 0.5 3.7 4.0 1,008 Stage 1022 3.5 103.8 32.7 0.6 25.7 10.7 2.6 8.0 0.00013 4.9 3.6 98.1 256.2 0.5 3.6 4.4 559 Stage 11 3.9 31.3 36.4 0.7 25.4 11.9 0.8 8.9 0.00015 5.5 1.1 29.6 77.3 0.5 3.7 4.9 242 Stage 1223 4.7 127.6 43.8 0.8 34.0 14.3 3.2 10.7 0.00018 6.6 4.4 120.5 315.1 0.6 4.8 5.9 697 Stage 1324 3.3 37.7 30.4 0.6 21.6 9.9 1.0 7.4 0.00013 4.6 1.3 35.6 93.1 0.4 3.1 4.1 254 Stage 14 3.2 101.5 29.4 0.6 23.5 9.6 2.6 7.2 0.00012 4.4 3.5 95.9 250.6 0.4 3.3 4.0 540 Stage 1525 4.4 66.0 41.2 0.8 29.9 13.5 1.7 10.1 0.00017 6.2 2.3 62.3 163.0 0.6 4.3 5.5 412 Average 5.5 107.3 51.6 1.0 38.4 16.9 2.7 12.6 0.0002 7.8 3.7 101.4 265.0 0.7 5.5 6.9 627

Table 10 shows that by the largest quantity of waste material generated per week by volume will be soil at an average of 265 m3 per week over Stages 1-15.

20 Includes one hotel/motel accommodation, one hotel tavern/club and primary school. 21 Includes one hotel/motel accommodation, two primary schools, two medical GP centres, one district community centre, one library and one religious facility. 22 Includes two medical GP centres, one secondary education high school, one religious facility and Stage 1 of the retail centre. 23 Includes one aged care facility - nursing home/hostel. 24 Includes 10 bus stops. 25 Includes one hotel tavern/club.


The quantities of waste by weight and volume recorded in Table 9 and Table 10 are also shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 below

Figure 2 - Waste Quantities by Weight – Stages 1-15

The chart shows that waste generation by weight is characterised by alternating peaks and troughs with the largest amounts overall being generated in Stages 1, 3 and 9. Soil forms the largest quantity of waste material, with asphalt and rock and gravel the next greatest.

Figure 3 - Waste Quantities by Volume – Stages 1-15

The chart shows that trends in waste generation by volume are similar to those by weight; alternating peaks and troughs from stage to stage. As with figures for weight, soil forms the


largest amount of material by volume with rock and gravel and asphalt also the next most common by volume.

3.2 Occupation

There will be three main waste generating activities at the WBD during its ongoing life. These are:

Residential dwellings;

Commercial operations; and

Community activities.

Waste quantities have been estimated for all three types using data from waste audits conducted in the ACT and elsewhere.

3.2.1 Residential

Waste Audit Data

Waste audits have been conducted in Canberra since 1997 with most audits undertaken between 2001 and 2011. These have included audits of kerbside, materials recovery facility (MRF) and disposal streams, the reports of many of which are available on the ACT NOWaste web site.

The compiled composition of the ACT kerbside waste stream derived from six audits is shown in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4 - Composition of ACT Kerbside Garbage Stream - 1997-2009

The Figure shows that the largest proportion of the garbage stream since 1997 has been food, the proportion of which has remained at approximately 40% since 2001. The proportions of other materials have fluctuated with recyclable containers ranging between 6.9% and 13.5%, recyclable paper and cardboard between 2.9% and 12.3%, and vegetation between 3.2% and 8.5%.


Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The most important implication for WBD is that the proportions of vegetation in the garbage stream are very low compared to other local government areas that have no separate kerbside green waste collection. While the ACT Government does not provide a kerbside service for green waste, other operators have satisfied the demand by providing privately-arranged bulky waste collections, known as Trash Packs, that also collect green waste. The figures therefore do not show what quantity of green waste might be potentially available from the domestic stream.

Having said that, anecdotal evidence from waste contractors in Canberra and observations of new residential developments, indicate that less green waste is being collected from new residential developments because they are generally small properties with small areas for gardens and lawns.

A summary of average ACT household waste quantities derived from the kerbside audits conducted in the past are shown in Table 11 and Table 12 below.

Table 11 – Average Composition per Household of the Garbage Stream

Composition Single Dwellings (kg/week)

Multi-Unit Dwellings (kg/week)

Recyclable containers 0.95 0.85 Recyclable paper and cardboard 0.64 0.63 Vegetation 0.67 0.61 Food 3.91 2.27 Other non-recyclable 3.46 2.03 Total 9.63 5.95

Table 11 shows that the average Canberra single dwelling household produces 9.63 kg of garbage per week and the average multi-unit dwelling (MUD) household, 5.95 kg per week.

Table 12 – Average Composition per Household of the Recycling Stream

Composition Single Dwellings (kg/week)

Multi-Unit Dwellings (kg/week)

Recyclables (paper and containers) 5.18 3.20 Non-recyclable contamination 0.44 0.23 Total 5.63 3.43

Table 12 shows that the average Canberra single dwelling household produces 5.63 kg of recycling per week and the average MUD household, 3.43 kg per week.

WBD Waste Estimates

The amount of waste likely to be generated from the WBD has been estimated by multiplying the audit figures above by the number of households proposed. This method assumes that the types and sizes of households in the WBD will be similar to those in the rest of Canberra and therefore likely to generate waste of similar quantities and composition.

The figures for single dwellings have been used for areas noted as ‘residential’ in the WBD, and the figures for MUDs used for areas noted as ‘mixed use’ in the WBD. Different figures have been used for the different dwelling types because mixed use households are likely to be more similar to MUD households than single dwellings and are therefore likely to have different waste generation characteristics.

Two stages of the first 15 are planned to include some or all mixed use buildings and these different waste generation characteristics should be considered.


The estimated amounts of residential waste for each stage are shown in Table 13 below which also shows the number of households in each stage.

Table 13 - Estimated WBD Waste Quantities by Stage

Stage Number of Households

Garbage (tonnes per week)

Recycling (tonnes per week)

1 300 2.9 1.7 2 300 2.9 1.7 3 300 2.9 1.0 4 300 2.7 1.7 5 300 2.9 1.7 6 300 2.9 1.7 7 317 3.1 1.8 8 300 2.9 1.7 9 300 2.9 1.7 10 300 2.9 1.7 11 300 1.8 1.7 12 326 3.1 1.1 13 300 1.8 1.0 14 300 2.9 1.7

Total 4,543 41.3 23.5 Total per Year (t) 2,148 1,222

The table shows that on average 41.3 tonnes of garbage and 23.5 tonnes of recyclables are estimated to be collected each week in Stages 1-15. This is equivalent to 2,148 tonnes of garbage and 1,222 tonnes of recyclables per year.

3.2.2 Commercial

GHD has no access to waste data from commercial and retail premises in the ACT, if in fact any data exists. Compositional data by weight from other commercial operations in Australia however, show the types of waste that commercial and retail operations in West Belconnen may generate. This is summarised below:

Department stores – mostly plastic film and cardboard with some food if there is a café or cafeteria;

Medical, optical, veterinary – mostly paper;

Offices – overwhelmingly paper;

Supermarket (no fresh food) – mostly wooden pallets but also paper and dairy products;

Supermarkets (fresh food) – mostly food with some paper and cardboard;

Clothes/fashion – mostly cardboard, plastic film and plastic strapping;

Accommodation – mostly paper and cardboard, glass and food;

Café/restaurant – mostly food but also glass, paper and cardboard;

Schools – mostly paper and cardboard but only slightly less food and plastics;

Household bulky goods retailers – mostly timber, plastics, paper and cardboard;

Newsagents – almost entirely paper and cardboard;


Personal services (hairdressers, beauticians and similar) – paper and cardboard, food and some plastics;

Pubs and clubs – similar proportions of food, paper and cardboard and glass, some plastics;

Fruit and vegetable retailers – almost all food, some cardboard;

Aged care (combination of self-care and hostel/nursing home) – mostly food, some paper; and

Shopping centre – about a third each food and cardboard and a third other waste types.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Large proportions of the commercial and retail waste streams are recoverable and, in many cases, consist of only two or three materials. Separated organics particularly could be used as a feedstock in an organics processing facility which, depending on the technology, could provide either compost for landscaping or horticultural uses, or energy for use at the WBD site, or both.

WBD Waste Estimates

The method used for estimating the amount of commercial waste is similar to that used for calculating residential quantities. It is a more complex process however, because of the greater range of commercial waste generators. Different commercial operations and premises generate different quantities and types of waste. Typical waste generation rates26 have been applied to the proposed mix of commercial and retail premises27 in the central commercial area proposed for Stages 1-15, to estimate possible waste quantities. These are shown in Table 14 below.

Table 14 - Estimated Shopping Centre Waste Quantities

Retail Type

Litres per 100 m2 Floor Area per Day Floor Area

(m2)

Garbage (m3 per

day)

Recycling (m3 per

day) Garbage Recycling

Speciality retail28 76 67 1,400 1.1 0.9 Non-retail specialties29 55 10 1,300 0.7 0.1 Mini Major30 140 75 400 0.6 0.3 Destinational food and beverage31 215 130 1,500 3.2 2.0 Supermarket 132 140 75 3,500 4.9 2.6 Supermarket 233 140 75 0 - - Total

8,100 10.5 5.9

Table 14 shows that the shopping centre, which will be the main commercial and retail development in the WBD, will consist of two supermarkets and a number of food and other retail

26 Commercial and retail waste generation rates have been sourced from a survey of retailers conducted by GHD for the NSW EPA in connection with the development of Guidelines for Waste Disposal and Recycling in Commercial Premises, and from other sources. 27 Information on the number and size of tenants in the proposed shopping centre was provided by Urbis, the retail and employment consultants for this project 28 Retailers that specialise in a single or small range of products such as shoes, clothes, jewellery, gifts, toys, as examples, as opposed to department stores which have a range of product lines. 29 Service providers such as banks and dry cleaners, as examples. 30 Small versions of major retailers such as Target Country. 31 Cafes and restaurants. 32 A major supermarket such as Coles, Woolworths or IGA, as examples. 33 A major supermarket such as Coles, Woolworths or IGA, as examples.


and non-retail premises. These will be developed in two stages although the figures in the table are for the first stage only.

In addition to this central shopping centre, several other retail and commercial operations are proposed at the central commercial area as well as at the three community villages – Strathnairn Village, Belconnen Farmhouse Village and Ginninderra Falls Village. The locations of the community villages in Stages 1-15 are shown in Figure 1 on page 3.

Retail and commercial operations will include:

Cafes or restaurants – one each at the community villages;

Accommodation - one 50 room motel or hotel in the central commercial area and one smaller tourist accommodation facility at each of the community villages; and

Three taverns, hotels or clubs - one at the central commercial area and two others, the locations of which are yet to be determined.

Although sizes and other details are not yet known, estimates of possible waste quantities can be found in Table 15 below. The table does not include figures for the central shopping centre.

Table 15 – Estimated Commercial Waste Quantities

Premises Location Measure Waste Generation

Rate (L) Premises Size

Garbage (m3 per

Day)

Recycling (m3 per

Day) Garbage Recycling

Café Strathnairn Village per 100 m2

floor area per day

190 190 200 m2 1.1 1.1 Belconnen Farmhouse Village 190 190 200 m2 1.1 1.1

Accommodation

Central per

occupied room

12 - 50 rooms 0.6 - Strathnairn Village 12 - 5 rooms 0.06 - Belconnen Farmhouse Village 12 - 5 rooms 0.06 -

Tavern/Hotel/ Club

Central per 100 m2 floor area per day

80 35 15,194 m2 12.2 5.3 Location to be confirmed 80 35 10,000 m2 8.0 3.5

Location to be confirmed 80 35 10,000 m2 8.0 3.5

Total 31.12 12.3

Table 15 shows that the largest waste generators outside the shopping centre will be the taverns/hotels/clubs the largest of which is estimated to generate up to 12.2 m3 of garbage and 5.3 m3 of recycling each day. If this premises operates seven days per week, this will amount to about 85 m3 of garbage and 37 m3 of recycling per week.

Cafes of the assumed size are estimated to generate about 1.1 m3 of garbage and recycling per day, which amounts to less than 8 m3 per week of each stream per location. Accommodation premises, of the assumed sizes (small bed and breakfast) are estimated to generate only small amounts of waste, less than 500 L per week per location.

3.2.3 Public Place Waste

Enquiries to the ACT Government indicate that there is no audit data for public place waste systems in the ACT. Compositional data by weight from audits undertaken at other locations in Australia34 however, shows the typical composition of public place bins. Assuming WBD public places will be typical, this data will also represent the most likely composition of this stream at WBD.

34 This audit data is confidential. Exact figures and results as well as the sources cannot be quoted.


The largest proportion of the public place stream, as much as 50%, is unrecoverable material including food, which is itself as high as 25%, and plastic packaging, depending on the type of public place. By weight the highest proportion of recoverable materials is glass containers (also as high as 50%). Where properly designed public place recycling bins are provided, high recovery of recyclable materials is often possible with low contamination.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Installing properly designed public place garbage and recycling stations can deliver high recovery rates for certain materials with low contamination. Although likely to collect only small quantities of materials compared to residential and commercial streams, public place bins are highly visible and play a key educational role in an integrated waste system.

3.2.4 Community Facilities

Community facilities in Stages 1-15 are likely to include libraries, transport locations, schools, medical centres, aged care facilities, community centres and religious buildings. Some facilities will be subject to low intensity activity with small scale regular users and occasional peak use while others will have high intensity uses for certain periods and very low use at other times.

The details of each of these proposed for WBD are:

Transport – a bus loop through the development including a layover area with driver facilities and toilets as well as an unknown number of bus stops;

Schools – primary and secondary high schools. The locations of schools, although not where each particular school type will be, are shown in Figure 1 on page 3;

Medical – Four general practice premises;

Aged care – one nursing home and hostel;

Community centre – one district centre;

Library – one; and

Religious facility – two small.

Although many of the details of property and facility sizes are not known, estimates of possible waste quantities can be found in Table 16 below.

Table 16 – Estimate Community Waste Quantities

Premises Measure Waste Generation

Rate (L)35 Premises Size36

Garbage (m3 per

Day)

Recycling (m3 per

Day) Garbage Recycling Bus stops

per day 10 10 10 0.1 0.1

Transport layover 120 120 1 0.12 0.12 Primary Education 137

per 100 m2 floor area per day

6.4 3.0 3840,000 m2 2.6 1.2 Primary Education 2 6.4 3.0 40,000 m2 2.6 1.2 Primary Education 3 6.4 3.0 40,000 m2 2.6 1.2 Secondary Education High School 6.4 3.0 3986,000 m2 5.5 2.6 Medical GP 1 35.0 10.0 40200 m2 0.07 0.02

35 Commercial and retail waste generation rates have been taken from a survey of retailers conducted by GHD for the NSW EPA in connection with the development of Guidelines for Waste Disposal and Recycling in Commercial Premises, and from other sources. Some information is based on confidential audit data which cannot be quoted. 36 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. 37 Information on number and types of schools is indicative only 38 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. 4 ha including an oval 39 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. 8.6 ha including an oval 40 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. 200 m2 for facility of four doctors and one nurse


Medical GP 2 35.0 10.0 200 m2 0.07 0.02 Medical GP 3 35.0 10.0 200 m2 0.07 0.02 Medical GP 4 35.0 10.0 200 m2 0.07 0.02

Aged Care kg per bed per week 5.6 1.0 41200 beds 1.1 0.2

Community Centre - District per 100 m2 floor area per day

20.2 2.5 421,600 m2 0.32 0.04 Library 7.0 1.1 431,200 m2 0.08 0.01 Religious facility 1 20.2 2.5 44250 m2 0.05 0.01 Religious facility 2 20.2 2.5 45250 m2 0.05 0.01 Total 15.4 6.77

Table 16 shows that the largest waste producers will be schools, with other community facilities generally generating only relatively small amounts of waste.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD Schools will be significant generators of waste but will not be located near the commercial centre which is the major waste-generating area. Schools could be included in a place-based commercial waste collection system (see Section 2.6.2) or as part of the residential kerbside system. Other community facilities, although likely to produce only small quantities of waste, should have waste systems that are consistent with that used in all other areas.

3.3 Other Waste and Recycling Audit Data

3.3.1 Landfill Audit

An audit of Mugga Lane landfill, transfer station and Mitchell Transfer Station was commissioned by ACT NOWaste in 201046. A summary of the composition of the waste being deposited at the landfill and at Mitchell Transfer Station is shown in Table 17 below.

Mitchell Transfer Station is located in northern Canberra and is used generally by small vehicles. It may be a good model for a small transfer station at West Belconnen.

41 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. 75 m2 per resident, 1.5 ha property 42 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting 43 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting 44 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting. Small local churches are generally 150-250 m2, while larger churches are between 500 m2 and 1250 m2. 45 Indicative requirements for social infrastructure - Elton Consulting 46 GHD (2010) Report for ACT Landfill Audits Combined Final Audit Report for APC January 2010


Table 17 – Composition of Landfilled Waste by Volume

Material Mugga Lane Landfill Mitchell Transfer Station

Paper and cardboard 10.7% 9.2% Organics 9.0% 18.9% Wood and timber products 5.4% 19.3% Textiles and rubber 3.9% 14.4% Glass 0.4% 0.7% Plastics 5.8% 13.3% Metals 1.1% 3.0% Building material 3.0% 7.6% Hazardous 0.0% 0.1% Bags and loose garbage 59.9% 10.5% E-waste and office equipment 0.2% 1.4% Other 0.6% 1.8% Total 100.0% 100.0% Potentially recoverable47 39.5% 87.8%

The data shows that the largest proportion of waste by volume deposited at Mugga Lane was garbage bags, the contents of which were not known without them being opened and audited further. The bags originated from domestic and commercial sources so it is likely that the contents largely consisted of organic materials (mainly food), paper and plastic.

In contrast, the composition of the transfer station stream had lower proportions of paper and cardboard and bags of garbage, and higher proportions of organics, wood and timber, textiles and rubber, plastics, metals and building materials. Not counting garbage bags, as much as 39.5% of the landfilled stream at Mugga Lane and 87.8% at Mitchell Transfer Station is potentially recoverable should markets and systems exist for certain materials.

The landfill audit also included a small sample of Trash Packs, the composition of which is shown in Table 18 below.

Table 18- Composition of Trash Packs

Material Percent by Weight

Greenwaste 39.1% Bags and loose garbage 40.4% Plastics 9.6% Textiles and rubber 5.6% Building material 3.7% E-waste and office equipment 0.9% Glass 0.4% Other 0.1% Wood and timber products 0.1% Metals 0.1% Food / Kitchen 0.0% Hazardous 0.0% Total 100%

47 Includes paper and cardboard, organics, wood and timber products, textiles and rubber, glass, plastics, metals, building material, e-waste and office equipment.


Although only a small sample of seven, the combined composition is a fair reflection of the composition of each sample. The contents were dominated by green waste and loose or bagged garbage (a total of 79.5%), the proportions of which across all samples ranged between 69% and 98%.

The proportion of green waste in the Trash Packs stream was high compared to the proportion of green waste in audited landfill and transfer station streams. Although it is likely that green waste was delivering directly by customers to recovery facilities at Mugga Lane, and so not captured by the landfill audits, it is clear that many households use the Trash Pack service in the absence of a kerbside green waste collection. Many Trash Pack operators also deliver green waste directly to recovery facilities but it is clear that Trash Pack contents deposited into the landfill also contain significant proportions of green waste.

Strategic implications and considerations for WBD The most important implication for WBD that can be drawn from the disposal audit data is from the proportions of recoverable materials in the different streams.

Assuming recoverable materials make up half the contents of the garbage bags, as much as 59.5% of the landfilled stream at Mugga Lane could be recoverable. By contrast the proportion of plastic bags deposited at Mitchell Transfer Station is much smaller and proportions of other recoverable materials higher. This evens out however, with the total proportion of potentially recoverable materials estimated to be 56.6%. Either way, a recovery facility on the WBLS that targets as few as five or six materials available from self-haul customers, could reduce the amount of waste to be landfilled by about half.

In addition, the amount of organics available from West Belconnen residents, particularly green waste, could influence which technologies might be suitable for processing and indeed the entire viability of an organics processing facility. If quantities are not available locally, green waste may need to be sourced from other areas.

3.4 Summary

Proportions of vegetation in the audited residential garbage stream are very low compared to other local government areas that have no separate kerbside green waste collection. This is most likely due to the absence of a kerbside garden organics collection as part of an integrated kerbside waste service and the use by residents of privately-arranged bulky waste collections known as Trash Packs. As a result, the quantities of green waste that might be available from the domestic stream could be higher than the audit data suggests. On the other hand anecdotal evidence and observations indicates that less green waste is being collected from new residential developments because they are generally small properties with only small areas for gardens and lawns.

The potentially low amount of organics available from West Belconnen residents could influence both which technologies might be suitable for an organics processing facility and its viability. Green waste may need to be sourced from elsewhere.

Large proportions of the commercial and retail waste streams are recoverable and in many cases consist of only two or three materials. Separated organics particularly could be used as a feedstock in an organics processing facility which, depending on the technology, could provide either compost for landscaping or horticultural uses, or energy for use in the WBD, or both.

Installing properly designed public place garbage and recycling stations can deliver high recovery rates for certain materials with low contamination. Public place bins are highly visible and play a key educational role in an integrated waste system which must be consistent across all publicly used areas and community facilities.


Disposal audit data shows that there are significant proportions of recoverable materials in waste being landfilled. If this material is delivered to a transfer station or recovery facility on the WBLS, targeting as few as five or six materials in from self-haul customers could significantly reduce the amount of waste to be landfilled.


4. Business As Usual 4.1 Introduction

The Business as Usual model for the collection, recycling and disposal of waste generated from the WBD would be expected to be consistent with the current residential waste systems in Canberra, which are summarised below.

4.2 Construction

The ACT’s Development Control Code requires developers to submit a waste plan which quantifies the amounts of waste likely to be generated, specifies how it will be handled and where it will be recycled or disposed of.

Typically, bins of various sizes and designs are positioned on building sites. The bins are often ‘skip’ bins of three or more cubic metres capacity and are often hired through waste collection contractors. When the bins are full, or at the end of construction, the contractor removes them and recycles or disposes of the contents. Sometimes the cost of disposal is included in the hire cost, while at other times this is passed on separately to the customer.

Smaller builders and independent contractors may deliver their own waste to disposal sites if disposal on-site is not possible, paying either a flat fee for small vehicles or the normal per tonne rate for larger vehicles.

Remondis, which operates the Mugga Lane Landfill and MRF, claims to be the largest supplier of bins to the building industry in the ACT. However, other major contractors, such as Cleanaway and SITA, also operate in this sector. Furthermore, a range of smaller specialist skip bin providers also operate locally. These include ACT Skip Hire, Capital Waste Skips, Budget Bins, Cut Price Skips (Queanbeyan), Kartaway Mini Skips and others.

There are only two C&D waste processors in the ACT and surrounding districts:

Canberra Concreting, Pialligo, which sorts and reprocesses waste and resells recycled products; and

Mugga Lane Resource Management Centre, Mugga Lane, where a tenant, ACT Recycling, operates a facility that processes mixed C&D waste and resells recycled products.

C&D waste delivered directly to Mugga Lane Landfill or to Mitchell Transfer Station is landfilled. Mixed waste delivered to other facilities is transferred to one of those listed.

4.3 Occupation

The Business as Usual model for waste collection, recycling and disposal of waste generated from the WBD would be expected to be consistent with the current residential waste systems in Canberra, which are summarised below.

4.3.1 Residential

ACT NOWaste

The ACT’s waste collection, recycling and disposal services are commissioned and managed by ACT NOWaste, a Territory Government agency that is part of the Department of Territory and Municipal Services.


Garbage and Recycling

Canberra’s residential kerbside waste system for single dwellings currently consists of one 140 L mobile bin for garbage per household collected weekly and one 240 L bin for comingled recyclables (paper, cardboard, recyclable glass, metal cans and plastic containers) per household collected fortnightly.

Smaller multi-unit dwelling (MUD) complexes have 240 L bins for garbage and recycling which are shared between the units. Larger MUD complexes use bulk bins of 1.5 m3, 3 m3 or 4.5 m3

capacity and 1.1 m3 bulk bins for recyclables. These bins are referred to as ‘hoppers’. The collection frequencies for bins from MUDs also vary from twice a week up to fortnightly depending on the particular property.

Garden Organics and Bulky Waste

No separate kerbside service for garden organics or bulky waste is provided by ACT NOWaste. However, a number of private operators provide services using wool packs of approximately one cubic metre capacity. Known as ‘trash packs’, these operators charge individual customers fees for services provided.

Collection and Disposal

All domestic garbage and recycling bins from single dwellings and MUDs are collected by the Territory Government’s contractor, currently SITA Australia. The contents of the garbage bins are delivered to ACT NOWaste’s Mugga Lane Landfill at Hume while contents of the recycling bins are delivered to the materials recovery facility (MRF) also at Hume. Both the landfill and MRF are operated under contract by Remondis.

This is the system for residential waste that would operate at West Belconnen under a Business as Usual model.

Self-Hauled

Residents are also able to disposal of waste themselves. The closest waste disposal facility to the WBD is Mitchell Transfer Station, Flemington Road, Mitchell. This site is about 18 km (20 min drive) from the entrance to WBD at Parkwood Road. The Mitchell Transfer Station accepts only small vehicles.

Other facilities that residents could use include Yass Valley Council’s landfill (soon to be developed into a transfer station) at Murrumbateman, 36 km (28 min driving time) from Parkwood Road, ACT NOWaste’s Mugga Lane Landfill and Transfer Station at Hume, 31 km away (26 min driving time) and Queanbeyan City Council’s Waste Minimisation Centre, although this site is for Queanbeyan residents and accepts only recyclable materials.

Impacts

There would be two main impacts as a result of this kerbside service. The first impact would be increased truck movements along roads between WBD and Mugga Lane. The most likely route would be along Southern Cross Drive, Kingsford Smith Drive, William Hovell Drive, Tuggeranong Parkway, Hindmarsh Drive, Yamba Drive and Long Gully Road. This is shown in Figure 5 below.

If garbage and recycling vehicles of sizes similar to those already collecting residential waste in Canberra were used, one of each would most likely operate making two, possibly three journeys to the Mugga Lane site per day. This is a total of between four and six additional return vehicle journeys per day along this route, which is hardly a significant impact.


Figure 5 - Likely waste collection vehicle route from WBD to Mugga Lane

The second impact would be an increase in waste and recyclables delivered to the landfill and the MRF. Section 3.2.1 of this report details residential garbage and recycling quantities likely to be generated from WBD. A maximum of close to 6,000 tonnes of garbage are estimated to be delivered to the landfill and as much as 3,500 tonnes of recyclables are estimated to be delivered to the MRF.

These figures would only be generated when WBD was complete and fully occupied some years into the future. Currently Mugga Lane Landfill receives about 200,000 tonnes per year of waste. An additional 6,000 tonnes, even if delivered now would represent an increase of just 3%. Similarly, ACT NOWaste plans to develop a new MRF in the next few years and the additional 3,500 tonnes of recyclables could be easily processed even if generated sooner.

There would also most likely be an increase in the number of vehicles entering the Mitchell Transfer Station. Mitchell Transfer Station receives an average of about 1100 vehicles per week of which half visit on the weekend. With a population in northern Canberra, the assumed

N


catchment for Mitchell Transfer Station, of about 190,00048, the 1100 vehicles represents about 0.6% of the population.

Applying this proportion to the expected WBD population of 30,000 results in an estimate of about 180 vehicles per week delivering to the transfer station by 2054. As this figure is the maximum that might be possible when the WBD is complete and fully occupied, it is not likely to occur for a number of years, during which time the transfer station may well be expanded or redeveloped.

4.3.2 Commercial

Waste from commercial premises in the ACT is collected and disposed of in two main ways. The first is that some small business operators may take their own waste to either Mitchell Transfer Station or the small vehicles transfer station at Mugga Lane Landfill.

By and large however, commercial waste is collected by commercial waste contractors of which there are three large operators in the ACT; Remondis (formerly Thiess Services), SITA Australia and Transpacific Cleanaway. All three operate similar models by providing bins of various sizes from 240 L mobile bins up to large roll-on-roll-off (RORO) open bins or compactors of about 30 m3.

Bins are collected using either rear lift vehicles for smaller bins up to about 3 m3 capacity, front lift vehicles for bins of between about 2 m3 and 4.5 m3, and RORO vehicles (typically ‘hook’ lift) for large bins and compactors up to about 30 m3 capacity.

Typically businesses in a commercial precinct choose their own waste contractor, mostly based on price. If the businesses in the WBD commercial area chose more than one service provider, several vehicles will be likely enter the WBD commercial district each day. Most likely, waste contractors will add the WBD services onto existing collection routes or ‘runs’ that service customers in Belconnen, which is only about ten minutes driving time away.

If one contractor acquires more customers than others in the WBD commercial precinct, it will be able to provide services more cheaply to individual customers and may then be able offer lower prices to new customers than other contractors. If one contractor dominates this local market, fewer trucks would be likely to enter the area each day.

As the commercial areas of the WBD are on central roads, close to the WBD entrance on Parkwood Road and away from most residential areas, the impact is expected to be slight.

4.3.3 Public Place and Community

Public place bins and bins at community facilities are currently collected as part of the kerbside service, performed under contract. Under a Business as Usual model, the same system is expected to apply at WBD where these bins would be serviced by the kerbside collection vehicle(s). The collection frequency for these bins will depend on where they are located and how they are used. Some locations or facilities will be used often and the bins there may fill up more quickly than others. These bins would require more frequent servicing but collection vehicles would have to visit all the bins regularly even if they are not full.

48 North Canberra about 48,000, Belconnen about 93,000 and Gungahlin about 47,000.


5. Opportunities 5.1 Introduction

It is extremely difficult to establish new waste facilities in just about any location, and near impossible near urban areas. The presence of the WBLS, a licenced site within the WBD area, is therefore a valuable asset and presents significant opportunities for waste transfer and resource recovery during the construction phase of the development.

It provides an ideal location for a Construction and Demolition Recovery Facility (C&DRF) which would serve two purposes during the construction phase.

One purpose would be as a central delivery and consolidation point for materials to be used across the whole WBD site. The second would be as a location for waste and excess building materials from the clearing and construction operations on-site to be deposited, separated and recovered.

More about the uses of the C&DRF can be found in Section 7.

5.2 Residential Occupation

5.2.1 C&DRF/Transfer Station/Resource Recovery Centre

The C&DRF will be developed at the WBLS during the construction phase (see Volume 1 - Strategic Construction Waste Management Plan). Once residential occupation has commenced and during the initial stages of the WBD, the C&DRF would also act as a temporary transfer station for daily residential kerbside collections and self-hauled waste.

At a later stage a permanent Resource Recovery Centre, with waste transfer station, would be developed at which waste generated from the development during its on-going occupation could be initially deposited for transfer to disposal, separated and recovered using one or more of a variety of technologies including possibly, a MRF, organics processing facility, AWT or waste to energy facility.

More about the uses of the C&DRF can be found in Section 7.

5.2.2 Residential Collections

The proximity of a transfer station to all parts of the WBD would provide an opportunity for a slightly different type of waste collection. Normally collection kerbside vehicles have as large a capacity as possible to reduce the number of times they have to leave collection areas and travel to disposal points. Travelling to a disposal point is unproductive time and is minimised as much as possible.

In the case of WBD, no part of the WBD will be more than three or four kilometres from the West Belconnen transfer station. With mostly only local traffic on the roads, the return travel time to and from the transfer station is likely to be less than 10 minutes from most parts of the WBD. In addition, as there would be little or no other commercial or contractor traffic at the transfer station, disposal will be immediate and without delay.

This proximity would allow for smaller vehicles to be used, for example of 15 m3 capacity rather than more common 25 m3 or larger. Smaller vehicles would mean lower impact on road surfaces, particularly important as waste collection vehicles are likely to be among the most regular and the heaviest vehicles using roads in WBD. Furthermore, road widths could be smaller without compromising the waste collection service or increasing the likelihood of


damage to houses, cars and infrastructure. Smaller vehicles also mean lower emissions especially if liquefied petroleum gas is used instead of diesel.

In addition, collection could be undertaken on both sides of the road by installing dual hydraulic collection arms, one either side of the vehicle. This will have the advantage of allowing vehicles to pass only once down narrow streets and lanes rather than twice; collecting on one side then turning around and collecting on the other.

5.2.3 LPG refuelling depot

The use of LPG as proposed above would mean that a refuelling depot would need to be established in the WBD. This could be done at the transfer station and may encourage other vehicle users to use LPG fuel.

5.2.4 Place-based commercial collections

An opportunity exists for place-based contracting or licencing to be implemented in the commercial area of the development. This would involve waste services for all commercial operations in the precinct being managed and provided under one contract. The contract would be publicly tendered and let to a single contractor.

There are a number of advantages to place-based contracting including a more efficient collection system with fewer trucks and lower impacts. It would also allow for greater control over what services would be provided (for example, recycling could be a standard service for all customers), what types of vehicles would be used, what times services would be provided as well as the recording and reporting of waste quantities. Performance requirements could also be specified as part of the contract putting the onus onto the contractor for achieving certain targets and standards.

With a standard range of services could come standard bins and a standard storage system in retail and commercial buildings. A computer managed sensor system, like that proposed for public place bins (see Section 5.2.5), could be used to detect when bins were full and automatically add these bins and customers to daily collection routes.

Customers who wanted bins collected at other times could log onto the WBD web site and set up regular or one-off collection services which would also be automatically added to collection routes.

There are however, a number of issues with this system. The variety of waste generated by many businesses may require different service types and frequencies which may not fit well with a standard service. The service would also need to be co-ordinated by a central management body and the system may not be supported by businesses especially if similar services could be obtained more cheaply from contractors other than the one selected. There may also be competition issues and the need to gain approval from the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission.

5.2.5 Public Place Bins

Normally operators of public place collection services don’t know which bins are full and require emptying and which bins are empty. All bins have to be visited regardless of whether they are empty or not. To avoid these unnecessary vehicle movements, a system such as that developed by Big Belly Solar49 could be installed. Big Belly Solar is a bin technology that features a solar-powered compactor that compresses waste and increases the capacity of the bin50. Bins can also be installed for recyclables. Bins send messages to the collection service

49 See http://www.bigbelly.com and http://www.solarbins.com.au 50 Solar power can also provide lighting for side panels to provide a platform for advertising.


provider when they are full. The system reduces the number of collection vehicle kilometres and journeys required to service the bins.

The first solar waste bin was developed and manufactured in 2003 in the US and first installed in Colorado in 2004. The bins are now located in a number of US cities as well as in Canada, Europe and Scandinavia. The cost of the system depends on the number of bins and a range of other factors. Big Belly Solar bins are more expensive than normal bins but there are savings in reduced vehicle movements and potential income from advertising.

Combining the bin system with routing or waste collection system software, will allow collection runs to be automatically generated to take vehicles by the most efficient route past only those bins that need emptying.


6. Targets 6.1 Introduction

This section sets targets for recovery of waste materials.

6.2 Construction Phase

Riverview Projectss of the WBD are aiming for Six Green Star certification. To obtain the points for waste management, between 60% and 80% of waste must be diverted from landfill.

Calculations based on estimates of the quantities of waste generated during construction51 show that if a limited range of the most easily recovered materials is targeted for diversion (aluminium, brick, asphalt, concrete, organics, plastic coated copper, PVC, rock and gravel, soil, steel and timber) an overall diversion of 65% is possible. This assumes that:

70% of each of these materials is recovered;

A net depth of 100 mm of soil is excavated from residential areas in each developed stage during construction; and

A net depth of 200 mm of soil is excavated for roads in each developed stage during construction

It is certainly possible that the required diversion targets of between 60% and 80% are achievable.

6.3 Residential Occupation Phase

6.3.1 Residential

Waste audit results shown in Sections 3.2.1 and 3.1 show the figures for residential waste management performance. The average recovery52 rate from single dwellings recorded in the most recent, 2009, audit is 85%. This means that 85% of all the recyclables in the garbage and recycling streams generated from single dwellings is recovered. Only 15% of all recyclables are landfilled. This figure has been rising since 2001 when recovery was only around 70%.

The diversion rate53 from single dwellings in the most recent, 2009, audit was 38%. This has also risen from 2001 when it was 30%. This means that on average, of all the waste generated by single dwellings in Canberra, 38% is diverted from landfill, while the remaining 62% is landfilled.

The most recent 2009 audit also showed that contamination in recycling was 5%, which is reasonably low. The proportion of the garbage stream that was unrecovered recyclables was 11% which is at the lower end of a typical range.

The figures however, are not completely representative as they do not include garden organics, which are not collected as part of ACT NOWaste’s kerbside service. The small proportion of garden organics in the single dwelling garbage steam, only 5.8% in the 2009 audit, is unusual for a service of this type and indicates that garden organics are being disposed by other means (see Section 4.3.1). Having said that, councils that provide kerbside garden organics services using bins usually achieve recovery rates of more than 90% and add significantly to diversion.

Food is the largest proportion of landfilled waste according to the audits results. In the 2009 audit it was 40.1% of the single dwelling garbage stream. This proportion has been steady

51 These can be found in Volume 3 - Background Documentation 52 This is the proportion of all recyclables in the waste stream that is recovered. 53 This is the proportion of the whole waste stream that is diverted from landfill.


across all audits since 2001. No more significant increase in recovery or diversion will be achieved unless food is recovered.

Appropriate targets therefor for residential dwellings in the WBD would be:

Recovery – 85%;

Diversion – 38%;

Contamination in recycling – 5%;

Proportion of garbage stream that is recyclable – 10%;

Potential diversion if food included in kerbside collection – 60%.

6.3.2 Commercial and retail

Normal diversion rates from commercial and retail operations based on typical quantities shown in Section 3.2.2 would be in the order of 20% to 30% perhaps as high as 50% in some cases. However, diversion rates of between 70% and 90% have been achieved where recycling programs have been implemented in retail outlets.

Potential diversion rates will depend on what services are available for recovery of some materials. Systems are in place in the ACT for common recyclables such as cardboard, glass and plastics and these make up much of the waste stream for some business. In these cases a target of 70% is possible. For other businesses that generate significant proportions of food waste, such as restaurants and fruit and vegetable retailers, recovery of this material is not currently possible.

The main driver for waste reduction and recovery in the commercial and retail environment is cost. Operators will be interested and motivated if significant costs savings can be made. Place-based contracting (see Section 5.2.4) would allow targets and stipulations to be written into commercial leases, requiring operators to divert certain materials as part of the lease conditions.

6.3.3 Community

Community facilities are used on less formal and less financially pressing arrangements compared to commercial and retail operations. Users of these facilities may be more inclined to recycle if equipped with appropriate bins and information and, as with commercial operations, requirements to recycle could form parts of hire agreements.

Where community facilities are used for similar functions as commercial and retail operations, similar targets can be set.


7. Resource Recovery Facility 7.1 C&D Recovery Facility

7.1.1 Introduction

A C&D Recovery Facility (C&DRF) will operate on the WBLS at the centre of the completed development during the construction phase. The two main purposes of the C&DRF would be to provide a location for waste and excess building materials from the clearing and construction operations on-site to be deposited and to store and separate them there for recovery and as a central delivery and consolidation point for new materials to be used across the whole WBD site.

Materials will be delivered by the Waste Contractor, or by others on-site, either separated, as specified by the Waste Project Manager, or mixed. What materials will be separated and what will be mixed will be specified by the Waste Project Manager and shown in every Construction Waste Reduction Plan (CWRP) (see Section 8).

It should also be noted that the construction and on-going use phases of the development overlap (in time). As such, use of the C&DRF for these two phases would also overlap.

7.1.2 Operation during Construction Phase

C&D Recovery

The C&DRF will operate according to best practices used at C&D resource recovery facilities where processing of C&D waste materials is undertaken. C&D materials will be separated at source wherever possible, but it is expected that some materials will be delivered to the facility as mixed wastes.

The facility will operate according to all relevant licences and approvals and apply all necessary controls and regulations.

The C&DRF site will have a Site Management Plan that will address the following issues:

Dust management and control including specifications for dust suppression, extraction systems and work practices;

Noise management and control including methods for ensuring noise does not exceed regulatory limits, noise monitoring, noise control infrastructure and practices;

Water management including development of a surface water management plan taking into account best practice water management;

Material storage particularly stockpile management and their impacts and safe use;

Hazardous materials and waste including development of protocols and procedures, material acceptance and refusal criteria, load inspection methods, recording hazardous materials and storage and removal procedures for hazardous materials;

Traffic management including development of a traffic management plan that covers methods to minimise the impact of traffic, use of designated routes, clear signposting, traffic queuing areas, use of a weighbridge, wheel wash, designated vehicle and pedestrian areas managing overloading;

Record keeping including details of volumes incoming and outgoing, rejected loads, stock levels, destination and origin of incoming and outgoing loads and a complaints register;


Fencing and security including installation of a boundary fence and gates with warning signs, use of locks and gates, fence and gate inspections;

WH&S management including assessment of risks, development of a Safety Management Plan that complies with regulatory requirements and includes induction, training and/or supervision of personnel and visitors, appropriate personal protective equipment; emergency response procedures; and

Continuous review and revision.

Distribution Depot

The C&DRF would also be a distribution depot for materials to be used at the WBD. Apart from supplying product materials generated from processing waste materials generated during construction, the C&DRF Operators;

Arrange for the efficient supply of construction materials to minimise waste including excess or unnecessary packaging;

Receive all materials from off-site;

Unpack materials as required;

Batch materials for collection or delivery to different parts of the site; and

Separate packaging materials.

Waste from delivery of supplies could be minimised by ordering materials in bulk or specifying returnable, reusable or recyclable packaging. Any waste generated from delivery and unpacking such as cardboard, plastic film, timber and other materials could be collected at this point and would not get any further on-site. These materials could then be separated and stockpiled for recovery or disposal.

7.1.3 Operators

Riverview Projects will engage an organisation to manage and operate the C&DRF during the construction phase. This organisation will have experience in operating similar facilities and be able to make ‘products’ for use on site during construction or have access to markets for products that may be generated from the site during the construction phase.

The Operator will manage the site in a cost-effective way, according to the Site Management Plan and the contract between itself and Riverview Projects.

The Operator may establish temporary satellite depots near those stages under development if this is an efficient way to avoid transporting C&D waste to and from the central C&DRF. The satellite depots need not be any more than a fenced and gated yard in which waste materials can be stockpiled. There may also be secured containers for more valuable materials such as aluminium and other metals.

The waste-related purposes of the C&DRF are to, in priority order:

1. Reuse as much C&D waste as possible on-site;

2. Recycle as much of what cannot be reused; and

3. Dispose of only those materials that cannot be reused and recycled.

Specific key performance indicators will be set and will be required to be met.

The Waste Project Manager will monitor and supervise the operation of the C&DRF.

When construction ceases, the C&DRF will either:


Be decommissioned;

Be converted to another waste-related use; or

Host the expansion of the adjacent Resource Recovery Centre (see Section 7.2) which will continue operating indefinitely.

7.1.4 Size of C&DRF During Construction Phase

Data calculations and estimates made and shown in Section 3.1 have been used to calculate the approximate size the C&DRF would need to be to accommodate waste storage and processing during the construction phase.

Because of the physical characteristics of some waste materials and the quantities that may be generated, different materials may be stored using different methods.

The following materials are expected to be stored in bins:

Aluminium;

Ceramic;

Glass Fibre;

Plasterboard;

Plastic Coated Copper;

PVC;

Steel; and

Residual Waste

The following materials are expected to be stored in stockpiles.

Asphalt;

Bricks and tiles:

Concrete;

Organics (vegetation);

Reinforced concrete;

Rock and gravel;

Timber; and

Soil.

This Information is provided as a guide and may change during the course of the project. Other storage systems may also be used. Storage methods will at the discretion of the C&DRF operator, the Waste Contractor, the Waste Project Manager or a combination of all three.

Estimates of the number of bins of different sizes have been calculated as well as estimates of the size of stockpiles.

Number of Bins

Table 19 below shows the number of bins of the sizes shown that might be required each week during Stages 1-15 to store the estimated amounts of the waste types estimated to be generated during each stage of construction. In almost all cases, only one bin per week of the sizes shown would be required. In some cases this bin would need to be emptied significantly less frequently than once per week.


Table 19 - Number of Bins Per Week – Stages 1-15

Stage Aluminium Ceramic Glass Fibre

Organics Plasterboard Plastic Coated Copper

PVC Steel Residual Waste

Bin Size (m3) 9 3 20 10 10 0.12 10 7 10 Bin Area (m2) 7.65 3.75 15.6 15.6 15.6 0.33 15.6 5.95 15.6 Stage 1 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.4 1.6 0.002 1.0 0.1 0.9 Stage 2 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 3 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.6 1.7 0.002 1.1 0.1 1.0 Stage 4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 6 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.001 0.5 0.1 0.4 Stage 8 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 9 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 10 1.2 0.6 1.6 0.3 2.4 0.003 1.5 0.1 1.3 Stage 11 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 12 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.002 0.7 0.1 0.6 Stage 13 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 14 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.001 0.4 0.1 0.4 Stage 15 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.0 0.001 0.6 0.1 0.6

Table 19 shows proportions of bins per week, for example 0.5 bins per week would mean that the bin would be full every two weeks. Similarly, 0.3 bins per week indicates that the bin would be full every three weeks. In the case of plastic coated copper, the quantities are likely to be very small and collection could be very infrequent but the value of the copper may make it a viable enterprise.

Size of Stockpiles

Table 21 below show the dimensions of the stockpiles for materials that would be expected to be stored using this method. The stockpile sizes have been calculated using the formula for calculating the volume of a cone with the height adjusted to ensure the base diameter does not exceed a certain amount. This amount is mostly 15 m but is stated in each case. Stockpile dimensions could be amended as required to suit any particular area.

Table 20 below shows the dimensions of the soil stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.


Table 20 - Dimensions of Soil Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)

Stage 1 431.6 23.4 11.7 3 431.6 Stage 2 218.8 16.7 8.3 3 218.8 Stage 3 539.8 24.3 12.1 3.5 462.7 Stage 4 85.2 12.8 6.4 2 127.9 Stage 5 319.9 20.2 10.1 3 319.9 Stage 6 271.3 18.6 9.3 3 271.3 Stage 7 159.4 17.4 8.7 2 239.1 Stage 8 287.4 19.1 9.6 3 287.4 Stage 9 506.7 23.5 11.8 3.5 434.3 Stage 10 256.2 18.1 9.0 3 256.2 Stage 11 77.3 12.2 6.1 2 116.0 Stage 12 315.1 20.0 10.0 3 315.1 Stage 13 93.1 13.3 6.7 2 139.6 Stage 14 250.6 17.9 8.9 3 250.6 Stage 15 163.0 17.6 8.8 2 244.4

Table 20 shows that the soil stockpile would be largest in Stages 1, 3 and 9. The base area would range from a high of 462.7 m2 in Stage 3 and a low of 116.0 m2 in Stage 11 if removed weekly.

Table 21 below shows the dimensions of the asphalt stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 21 - Dimensions of Asphalt Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)

Stage 1 174.7 18.3 9.1 2 262.1 Stage 2 88.6 13.0 6.5 2 133.0 Stage 3 218.6 16.7 8.3 3 218.6 Stage 4 34.6 8.1 4.1 2 51.8 Stage 5 129.6 15.7 7.9 2 194.4 Stage 6 109.7 14.5 7.2 2 164.6 Stage 7 64.6 11.1 5.6 2 96.9 Stage 8 116.4 14.9 7.5 2 174.6 Stage 9 205.2 19.8 9.9 2 307.8 Stage 10 103.8 11.5 5.7 3 103.8 Stage 11 31.3 7.7 3.9 2 46.9 Stage 12 127.6 15.6 7.8 2 191.4 Stage 13 37.7 8.5 4.2 2 56.5 Stage 14 101.5 13.9 7.0 2 152.3 Stage 15 66.0 11.2 5.6 2 99.0

Table 21 shows that the asphalt stockpile would be largest in Stages 1, 3 and 9. The base area would range from a high of 307.8 m2 in Stage 9 and a low of 46.9 m2 in Stage 11 if removed weekly.


Table 22 below shows the dimensions of the brick stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 22 - Dimensions of Brick Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)


Table 22 shows that the stockpile would not need to be higher than 2 m during any stage up to Stage 15 and that its diameter would always be less than 15 m. The base area would range from a high of 144.9 m2 in Stage 9 and a low of 44.2 m2 in several stages if removed weekly.

Table 23 below shows the dimensions of the concrete stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 23 - Dimensions of Concrete Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)

Stage 1 49.8 11.3 5.6 1.5 99.7 Stage 2 23.0 9.4 4.7 1 69.0 Stage 3 56.0 11.9 6.0 1.5 111.9 Stage 4 20.9 8.9 4.5 1 62.6 Stage 5 24.6 9.7 4.8 1 73.9 Stage 6 23.8 9.5 4.8 1 71.5 Stage 7 23.2 9.4 4.7 1 69.5 Stage 8 24.1 9.6 4.8 1 72.3 Stage 9 27.6 10.3 5.1 1 82.8 Stage 10 68.2 13.2 6.6 1.5 136.3 Stage 11 20.8 8.9 4.5 1 62.3 Stage 12 34.0 11.4 5.7 1 102.1 Stage 13 21.1 9.0 4.5 1 63.3 Stage 14 23.5 9.5 4.7 1 70.6 Stage 15 29.9 10.7 5.3 1 89.8


Table 23 shows that only in Stages 1, 3 and 10 would the stockpile have a height of more than 1 m and that its diameter would always be less than 15 m. The base area would range from a high of 136.3 m2 in Stage 10 and a low of 62.6 m2 in Stage 4 if removed weekly.

Table 24 below shows the dimensions of the reinforced concrete stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 24 - Dimensions of Reinforced Concrete Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)


Table 24 shows that the stockpile would always be about 1 m in height and that its diameter would always be less than 5 m, except in Stages 3 and 9. The base area would range from a high of 22.9 m2 in Stage 3 and a low of 3.3 m2 in Stage 11 if removed weekly.

Table 25 below shows the dimensions of the rock and gravel stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 25 - Dimensions of Rock and Gravel Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)

Stage 1 165.1 14.5 7.2 3 165.1 Stage 2 83.8 12.6 6.3 2 125.6 Stage 3 206.6 15.0 7.5 3.5 177.1 Stage 4 32.6 7.9 3.9 2 49.0 Stage 5 122.4 15.3 7.6 2 183.6 Stage 6 103.7 14.1 7.0 2 155.5 Stage 7 61.0 10.8 5.4 2 91.5 Stage 8 110.0 14.5 7.2 2 165.0 Stage 9 193.9 15.7 7.9 3 193.9 Stage 10 98.1 13.7 6.8 2 147.1 Stage 11 29.6 7.5 3.8 2 44.4 Stage 12 120.5 15.2 7.6 2 180.8 Stage 13 35.6 8.2 4.1 2 53.4 Stage 14 95.9 13.5 6.8 2 143.9 Stage 15 62.3 10.9 5.5 2 93.5


Table 25 shows that only in Stage 1 would the stockpile have a height of more than 2 m, except in Stages 1, 3 and 9 and that its diameter would always be about 15 m. The base area would range from a high of 193.9 m2 in Stage 9 and a low of 49.0 m2 in Stage 4 if removed weekly.

Table 26 below shows the dimensions of the timber stockpile for weekly quantities of waste during each stage.

Table 26 - Dimensions of Timber Stockpile

Stage Volume (m3)

Base Diameter (m)

Base Radius (m)

Height (m)

Base Area (m2)

Stage 1 7.0 5.2 2.6 1 21.1 Stage 2 3.2 3.5 1.8 1 9.7 Stage 3 7.8 4.5 2.2 1.5 15.7 Stage 4 3.0 3.4 1.7 1 9.1 Stage 5 3.4 3.6 1.8 1 10.1 Stage 6 3.3 3.6 1.8 1 9.9 Stage 7 3.3 3.5 1.8 1 9.9 Stage 8 3.3 3.6 1.8 1 10.0 Stage 9 3.7 3.7 1.9 1 11.0 Stage 10 9.9 5.0 2.5 1.5 19.7 Stage 11 3.0 3.4 1.7 1 9.0 Stage 12 4.8 4.3 2.1 1 14.3 Stage 13 3.0 3.4 1.7 1 9.1 Stage 14 3.3 3.5 1.8 1 9.8 Stage 15 4.3 4.0 2.0 1 12.9

Table 26 shows that only in Stages 1 and 3 would the stockpile have a height of more than 1 m and that its diameter would always be less than about 5 m. The base area would range from a high of 21.1 m2 in Stage 1 and a low of 9.0 m2 in Stage 11 if removed weekly.

Table 27 below shows the areas calculated for the stockpiles in each stage with twice as much area included to allow for manoeuvring of plant and materials. The table also shows areas for bins, roads, plant and an office, to arrive at an estimate of the total for each stage.

Table 27 - C&DRF Areas by Stage

Stage Stockpiles Area (m2)

Bins (m2)

Roads (m2)

Plant (m2)

Office (m2)

Total (m2)

Stage 1 2,190 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,781

Stage 2 1,219 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,810

Stage 3 2,232 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,823

Stage 4 696 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,288

Stage 5 1,679 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,271

Stage 6 1,457 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,048

Stage 7 1,121 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,712

Stage 8 1,531 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,123

Stage 9 2,191 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,782

Stage 10 1,638 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,229

Stage 11 652 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,243

Stage 12 1,766 191 2,000 1,000 400 5,357

Stage 13 741 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,332

Stage 14 1,364 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,955

Stage 15 1,217 191 2,000 1,000 400 4,808


Table 27 shows that the largest area estimated to be required would be in Stage 3 (5,823 m2), while the smallest area would be required in Stage 33 (4,243 m2). These changes are due to fluctuations in the quantities of materials requiring stockpiling although in reality the C&DRF would occupy the same total area but less of it would be filled with stockpiled materials.

The following charts show the area of stockpile required if materials were stored for only a week at a time before being removed from the site. Whether materials are stored for only a week or for other periods, would be an operational decision made by the site operator or contractor. Calculating the amounts generated and areas required for weekly storage provides baseline data from which an indication of the possible amounts and storage areas that might be required if materials were stored for longer periods can be estimated.

Figure 6 below shows the areas that might be required to store stockpiles of materials in each stage assuming quantities are removed from the site each week. The figures are for the raw storage areas and do not include space for manoeuvring of plant or vehicles.

Figure 6 - Stockpile Areas at Recovery Facility – Stages 1-15

The chart shows that although about 1100 m2 of space would be required in Stages 1, 3 and 9, a maximum of only about 900 m2 would be required for three other stages and no more than about 600 m2 for six other stages. The C&DRF would need to have the flexibility to increase and decrease its size depending on the quantities of waste being generated during each stage.

Figure 7 below shows the whole area that might be required for the recovery facility taking into account the areas estimated to be required for bins, roads, processing plant and an office, as well as for stockpiles, the areas of which have been doubled to provide space for manoeuvring plant and equipment.


Figure 7 - Recovery Facility Area

The chart shows that no more than 6000 m2 would be required for the C&DRF at any time during Stages 1-15.

7.2 Resource Recovery Facility

7.2.1 Initial Operations

In the initial stages of the development, a relatively simple Resource Recovery Facility including a waste transfer station will be developed at the WBLS at, or next to the C&DRF. The facility will accept waste and recyclables delivered by a truck collecting from kerbsides in the WBD. It may also be open to residents or others self-hauling waste. During these early stages, it will probably be most efficient if it is run by the Operators of the C&DRF and be incorporated into its operations.

The Resource Recovery Facility will also be available for residents to drop of reusable and recyclable items and materials. Residents may also be able to purchase items and materials from the recovery area.

7.2.2 Development and Location

The Resource Recovery facility will be located on the WBLS (see Figure 8). Conversion of the initial Transfer Station to a permanent long-term structure should take place during the development of Stage 13 which is proposed for about 2029. There are two main reasons for this timing.

The first is that by this time residential development will have reached the southern boundary of the WBLS. Subsequent Stages 14 and 15 will be located close to the landfill site in an arc on the western side. Construction and operation should be completed before residential development gets much closer.


Figure 8 – WBLS Showing Location of C&DRF and Transfer Station

The second reason is that by Stage 13, 41.3 tonnes per week of garbage and 23.5 tonnes per week of recyclables are estimated to be generated from the development. Modelling of waste quantities and collection logistics shows that the number of residential loads will be 4.3 per day and approaching a peak of 5 loads in Stage 16. This increase in loads means that waste collection operations will be moving towards an intensity closer to that of other parts of ACT.

7.2.3 Users

The facility is expected to be open to all users and is likely to be used by residents and others in the Belconnen and northern Canberra area.

C&DRF and transfer station in this area

Stage 13

Stage 12

N

200 m


7.3 Buffer Distances

7.3.1 Landfills

Landfills can generate litter, odour, noise, dust, leachate and landfill gas, potentially resulting in detrimental health and amenity impacts to sensitive neighbouring land users (receptors) such as residential properties.

To protect sensitive receptors from the impact of these emissions and from landfill design or management failure, buffer distances (separation distances) between the landfill and the receptors are specified in statutory land use planning instruments. In the ACT this instrument is the Territory Plan 2008.

Buffer distances also prevent sensitive land use development encroaching too close to an industrial site such as a landfill, which could result in the operation of the site becoming untenable as it seeks to meet regulatory requirements to minimise impacts and risks to receptors.

The Territory Plan 2008 currently requires a 500 metre ‘Clearance Zone’ around the WBLS, which prevents new residential and community uses being established in this area.

For operating landfills the buffers are primarily set to manage odour, which is of most concern during the landfill operation, and landfill gas, for which there is a risk of explosion and/or asphyxiation and which can be present for up to 30 years after the landfill has closed.

Buffer distances around landfills recommended in a number of Australian jurisdictions range from 150 m to 500 m depending on the type of landfill. Usually landfills that accept inert material (non-putrescible) have smaller buffer distances as the emissions are likely to be less and have less of an impact.

While the landfill at the WBLS still operates, the 500 m buffer distance is likely to be in place. However, if it closes, the opportunity may exist to reduce the buffer distance.

Sensitive receptors lie as close as 150 m from the transfer station building at Mitchell Transfer Station and only about 60 m from the site boundary. If this case can be taken as a model and precedent, a more carefully and sympathetically designed facility at West Belconnen may result in buffer distances of 100 m or less.

7.3.2 Resource Recovery Facilities

Resource recovery facilities also generate litter, odour, noise, dust and contaminated stormwater that affect receptors in the same way as landfills. Similarly, buffer distances for resource recovery facilities are also specified in some statutory land use planning instruments.

There are no specific statutory requirements for resource recovery facilities in the ACT although the existing buffer distance set from the boundary of the WBLS does not differentiate between activities undertaken there, for example, landfilling, green waste processing or recycling. In other jurisdictions however, there is a range of buffer distances for different facility types that feature a number of conditions and specifications. These are shown in Table 28 below.


Table 28 - Resource Recovery Facility Buffer Distances

Facility Jurisdiction Buffer (m)

Comments

Waste Transfer Station Victoria, South Australia 300 Waste Depot Western Australia 200 Composting facilities Western Australia 150 Green waste, outdoor, uncovered

1000 Manures and food waste, outdoor, uncovered

0 Green waste, enclosed 250 Manures and food waste, enclosed

Victoria 200 South Australia 300 20-200 t per year

1000 More than 200 t per year Green Waste Facility Victoria 200-2500 Based on site specific

circumstances Green Waste Transfer Station South Australia 150 Waste – Resource Recovery Plant Western Australia Not

specified Case by case

Recycling Centre Victoria 200 Recycling Transfer Station South Australia 300 Scrap Metal Recycling Western Australia 300-500 Automotive Wreckers Western Australia 300 Used Tyre Storage Western Australia 100-200 Household Chemical Waste Facility Western Australia 300

No specific buffer distances are provided in NSW, Queensland or Tasmania. In NSW, site specific assessments are used to determine buffer distances, in fact for many of the facility types listed in Table 28 site specific analysis or circumstances can result in amendments or refinements to the buffer distances required for certain facilities.

Factors that could affect buffer distances include the type of technology proposed, the results of environmental audits, any history of community complaints, plant size and the scale of operation, topographic and meteorological characteristics as well as potential risks and impacts.

7.4 Waste and Recycling Collections

Because of the staged nature of the development, increases in residential waste will take place with each stage. Only small amounts of waste will be generated during the early stages and the services and infrastructure to handle this will be sized accordingly.

Assuming 15 m3 collection vehicles are used, Figure 9 below shows the number of loads, vehicles and collection zones that would be required to be in operation at each stage of the development. It is proposed that vehicles collect recycling in the morning of each collection day and garbage afterwards, rather than have two trucks for the different services.


Figure 9 - Number of Zones, Trucks and Loads – Stages 1-15

Figure 9 shows that for Stage 1, one collection vehicle would be required to collect two loads on one day. When Stage 2 is occupied, one truck would still be required and collection would still take place over one day but the number of loads would rise to three. In Stage 3, the number of days would increase to two and initially 1.5 loads per day but the number of loads would increase with each stage until a third day is required for Stage 7. The number of loads would increase to almost 4.5 by Stage 13.

The model assumes a weekly service is five week days per week and ultimately two trucks would be required. Another option however, is to operate a seven day per week collection service. This may negate the need to acquire a second collection vehicle and could result in significant cost savings. The disadvantages are that residents may be upset by the noise and visual disamenity of collections on the weekends. However, these impacts could be mitigated by the use of smaller vehicles and adjusting the size of the weekend collection zones so that collections need not start very early in the morning. In addition, the collections would on take place in two of the seven collection zones which could be those in the mixed use and higher density residential areas.


8. Construction Waste Reduction Plans 8.1 Draft Construction Waste Reduction Plan

All builders and contractors must be covered by CWRP

Every builder and contractor working on the WBD site over its entire construction life will be covered by a CWRP, which will in turn be developed and managed under this Strategic Construction Waste Reduction Plan.

Smaller contractors can be covered by larger contractors’ CWRP

Not every building and contractor working on the WBD site need prepare their own CWRP, as long as their waste generating, reduction, recycling, reuse and disposal activities are covered by one. Small sub-contractors who are engaged for short periods by a larger contractor can be covered by that large contractor’s CWRP. If a builder, contractor or subcontractor is covered by a CWRP, the entity that prepared, and is named as responsible for the CWRP, will be responsible for the activities of other builders, contractors or subcontractors covered by the plan. In this case, the larger contractor would be responsible for ensuring any smaller sub-contractors comply with the CWRP.

What is to be included in each CWRP?

CWRPs must provide details for the activities of all builders, contractors or subcontractors covered by the plan including;

The types and amounts of waste generated;

How much waste of different types will be;

o Reused on-site;

o Recovered or recycled off-site;

o Disposed of at the C&D Recovery Facility (C&DRF - see Section 0); or

o Landfilled;

How and where waste will be;

o Stored and transported;

o Reused on-site;

o Recovered or recycled off-site; or

o Landfilled;

The details of all builders, contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers covered by the plan including;

o Company name;

o Address and phone numbers;

o The name of each contractors’ Site Supervisor (See Section 10.5) and their contact details including mobile telephone and e-mail address;

o Number of personnel on-site;

o Main activities on-site;

Methods used to communicate with builders and contractors covered by the CWRP.


Different CWRPs

Different builders and contractors may have different specifications in their individual CWRPs. The details of the CWRPs will depend on a variety of factors including:

The type of construction activities being performed;

The number and type of sub-contractors;

The types and quantities of waste being generated;

External factors; and

The operation of the C&DRF.

Register of builders and contractors

This information will be maintained by the Waste Project Manager in a register of builders, contractors, sub-contractors.

Submit data weekly

All organisations responsible for CWRPs will be required to submit each week accurate data on the quantities of waste generated, reused, recycled and disposed of during the previous week. This information will be submitted online.

A guide to preparing a CWRP can be found in 0.

8.2 Mechanisms for submission, review and approval of CWRP

Submission

Builders, contractors and sub-contractors who are required to prepare a CWRP will do so before commencing work on the project.

Approval by Waste Project Manager

The Waste Project Manager (see Section 10) will review the CWRP and either approve it or return it to the submitter for amendment. If the Waste Project Manager returns the CWRP for amendment, he or she will indicate what changes are to be made or what additional information is required.

When a CWRP is approved, the submitting builder, contractor or sub-contractor will be notified that its CWMP has been approved.

Updating CWRPs

Builders, contractors and sub-contractors should update their CWRPs online when:

Any of their waste generating activities change;

If there are changes to their main contact personnel;

If there are changes to the contact details for their main contact personnel;

If notified by the Waste Project Manager by e-mail, text message or other approved method. This will usually be if there are changes to;

o Site conditions

o The requirements to separate materials;

o Operations at the C&DRF; or

o Any other requirements for CWRPs.


Auditing of CWRPs

The activities of all builders, contractors and sub-contractors will, from time to time, be checked against the relevant CWRP. Builders, contractors and sub-contractors will be subject to penalty if:

They do not comply with their CWRP;

Their CWRP is not up to date; and/or

Their CWRP does not accurately reflect their waste generating activities.

8.3 Communications

All entities that have approved CWRPs will maintain regular communication with all builders, contractors, subcontractors and any other stakeholders covered by their CWRPs. The CWRP will show the methods used for this communications. The communication will inform all those covered by the CWRP of;

The waste and recovery system on-site;

The roles and responsibilities of those covered by the CWRP in relation to waste management; and

The penalties for not adhering to the CWRP.

8.4 SCWRP review schedule

The SCWRP will be subject to an overarching review at the following times:

Once every six months;

At the completion of each stage;

Any other time that circumstances might require.

A detailed review will be undertaken:

Once a year; and

Any other time that circumstances might require.

An overarching review will compare provisions of the SCWRP with actual practices and:

Amend the SCWRP according to any urgent requirements;

Recommend amendment for any non-urgent requirements during the detailed review.

The detailed review will compare provisions of the SCWRP with actual practices and;

Amend SCWRP according to any urgent or non-urgent requirements; and

Amend the SCWRP according to any recommendations of any previous overarching reviews.

The updated SCWRP will then be distributed to all contractors, including the Waste Contractor, builders and sub-contractors operating on site.


9. Waste Contractor The Waste Project Manager will engage a waste contractor who will:

Provide bins and containers for waste materials on site;

Ensure bins and containers are;

o In good condition;

o Appropriate for the particular use; and

o Clearly and appropriately labelled at all times;

Remove bins and containers when full or when required;

Deliver mixed or separated contents of bins and containers to the C&DRF, or other location as specified by the Waste Project Manager.

The Waste Contractor will also ensure:

Recoverable materials are separated;

Separated materials remain separated;

Separated materials are not contaminated and rendered unrecyclable;

Separated materials are delivered to the C&DRF or other locations as required; and

Waste materials are delivered to landfill.

The Waste Contractor will provide adequate plant and staff on site every day to ensure these tasks are completed.

The Waste Contractor will have a vehicle movement plan (VMP) and risk assessment for safe movement of heavy vehicles into and out of the site. The VMP will include primary and secondary routes taking into account local road load limits and traffic conditions. The Waste Contractor’s vehicles will be registered and certified as roadworthy. Drivers will not load vehicles above the legal limit. Loads will be covered to prevent spillage and litter.

The Waste Contractor and its vehicles will comply with the site environment management plan and the VMP.

9.1 Separation of materials on-site

After consultation with the Waste Contractor and the operator of the C&DRF, the Waste Project Manager will specify what materials are to be separated on-site.

What materials are to be separated will most likely change during the course of the construction phase due a variety of reasons including:

Changes in the markets for recyclable C&D waste;

The capacity and/or operation of the C&DRF;

The types of buildings being constructed;

The types of waste being generated;

The location of construction activities;

The stage of construction at the site; and

The cost of disposing of certain materials.


The Waste Project Manager will supervise and monitor the Waste Contractor and ensure tasks are being completed satisfactorily.


10. Waste Project Manager 10.1 Appointment

This part of the SCWRP sets out the role and responsibilities of the Waste Project Manager, who may be appointed and employed by Riverview Projects directly or as a contractor, to ensure that this SCWRP is properly enforced. It may be that role of the Waste Project Manager under this SCWRP will be incorporated into a supervisory or management position which also has wider responsibilities. The responsibilities of the Waste Project Manager however, are significant and will require a sizeable proportion of the incumbent’s time.

Broadly, the Waste Project Manager’s responsibilities will include:

Safety;

Quality;

Environmental performance;

Records management;

Time management;

Cost management;

Overseeing site staff and contractors; and

Reporting to management.

Anyone occupying this position should have:

Experience in the building industry;

Previously had all or most of these responsibilities, particularly environmental operations; and

Have the authority and personality to deal with potential many builders, contractors and sub-contractors.

10.2 Role and Responsibilities

A number of general waste management procedures will be administered by the Waste Project Manager. As examples, these may include:

Implementing the SCWRP;

Managing operations according to the Development Control Code for Best Practice Waste Management in the ACT;

Liaising with and directing contractors’ Site Supervisors;

Receiving and checking reports and data provided by Site Supervisors;

Ensuring all contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers are aware of their obligations and requirements under the SCWRP;

Receiving and verifying contractor CWRPs and accrediting contractors accordingly;

Monitoring contractors’ waste generation and waste handling activities and enforcing remedial actions and penalties in cases of non-compliance;

Engaging, supervising and monitor the Waste Contractor (See Section 0);

Checking the Waste Contractor’s waste disposal licenses and records as required;


Engaging specialist and licensed sub-contractors to remove suspected hazardous waste to comply with legal requirements and keep appropriate records;

Determining what changes may need to be made to the SCWRP;

Determining what materials are to be separated and recycled under the provisions of the SCWRP;

Ensuring the waste collection contractor(s), waste processing facilities and landfill are licensed to receive the waste expected to be generated on-site, including any hazardous waste; and

Ensuring soil and rock is, where required, tested and classified as suitable to be reused or delivered to the relevant landfill.

10.3 Communications

The Waste Project Manager will be the primary point of contact for all builders, contractors and sub-contractors for all waste management issues and will be the conduit through which information about waste management flows from the project developers to all builders, contractors and sub-contractors and their staff.

The Waste Project Manager will communicate with builders, contractors, subcontractors and any other stakeholders involved in the construction process using a variety of methods according to what information needs to be communicated

Contractors will submit drafts of their SCWRP’s through the development’s web site;

All contractors’ registered to work on the site will provide the name and details for their main designated contact person to whom information is to be provided;

Urgent messages of relevance to all on site will be sent by text message and may direct contractors to the development’s web site;

Routine messages of relevance to all on site will be sent by e-mail to a recipients list and may direct contractors to the development’s web site;

Updated SCWRPs will be available on the development’s web site and contractors will be notified by text or e-mail when this occurs;

Contractors found to be non-compliant will be called by telephone to a face to face meeting with the Waste Project Manager where written notice of the non-compliance will be provided;

All face to face information exchange will be followed up by confirmation by e-mail.

10.4 Systems Manager

Riverview Projects will employ a Systems Manager, or someone with this responsibility, who will be responsible for, among other things:

Communicating relevant safety alerts and changes to regulations, legislation and guidelines to management and contractors’ Site Supervisors through the Waste Project Manager;

Helping to identify training needs, ensure training is being carried out where required and keeping training records;

Ensuring contract compliance and compliance with quality systems;

Carrying out internal audits and report on performance; and


Aiding in accident investigation.

10.5 Site Supervisors

Site Supervisors will be working for building contractors and will be responsible for on-site supervision during the course of the project. Site Supervisors will be the main point of contact between the Waste Project Manager and the different contractors and sub-contractors.

A list of specific responsibilities will be developed as part of each individual CWRP but it is expected they will include control of site labour and plant and communicating all necessary information to site personnel.

As examples, these may include:

Working with the Waste Contractor to obtain, position, identify and label recycling and waste bins in accordance with the SCWRP and each contractor’s CWRP;

Ensuring all employees and subcontractors are aware of the SCWRP, their contractor’s CWRP and what their obligations to separate waste on-site;

Liaising with and taking directions from the Waste Project Manager;

Recording the generation, separation and removal of waste types and quantities and supplying these records to the Waste Project Manager as specified in the SCWRP and the contractors’ CWRP; and

Recording the use of any recycled materials and supplying these records to the Waste Project Manager as specified in the SCWRP and the contractors’ CWRP;

10.6 Methods and Materials for Recovery

GHD expects that during construction some materials will be separated at source while others may be delivered to the C&DRF mixed for separation there54. More about the quantities of materials and how they would be expected to be stored can be found in Section 3.1.

What materials may be separated for recovery will be decided by the Waste Project Manager, but could include the following.

10.6.1 Soil

Soil refers to fill and soil from surface clearing, excavation and site re-profiling. This could be delivered to C&DRF during excavation where different types would be stockpiled. Suitable soil types could then be available from the satellite or central stockpiles for use during the course of construction or for public sale. Calculations55 show that there is likely to be a large quantity of soil and the demand for it is not known.

10.6.2 Metals

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals would be generated during the course of construction and could be one of the materials separated at source. Different metal types would be placed in identified bins and collected for recycling.

10.6.3 Brick

Brick and tile waste would consist of broken and split bricks and tiles as well as any small quantities of whole bricks and tiles that are leftover or not used on a particular building. These

54 More about the quantities of materials can be found in Volume 3 – Background Documentation 55 These can be found in Volume 3 – Background Documentation


would be separated and placed in labelled bins. In cases where sufficient quantities of different types of bricks remain, these could be stored at the C&DRF for reuse.

10.6.4 Concrete and Masonry

Concrete waste would be generated from concrete pumps and pours. This would be placed in bins and may be mixed with other waste. Concrete and masonry may contain reinforced steel rods and may need to be crushed before being separated. Once crushed and separated the resulting material could be used for temporary roads or in drain construction, while any metals would be recovered for recycling.

10.6.5 Glass fibre

This material is waste insulation and would consist of offcuts and small quantities of unused batts. Where possible, remaining material would be stored at the C&DRF and reused. Unused materials may be recycled if possible.

10.6.6 Rock and gravel

This material would consist of aggregate separated from soil or remaining after construction and filling activities. It may be stockpiled at satellite depots or stored at the C&DRF and, if required, could be separated into particles of different sizes for reuse.

10.6.7 Asphalt

Asphalt would be generated during the course of road construction. Identified bins for this waste would be positioned so that it could be separated at source.

10.6.8 Timber

Quantities of small timber off-cuts would be generated from the construction of concreting form work and from frame and truss construction and installation. Some material may be contaminated with concrete and nails. Larger pieces could be stored at satellite depots or at the central C&DRF for reuse while smaller sized items could be chipped for use in landscaping and wet weather road and walk ways.

10.6.9 Organic

Organic material in the form of green waste would be generated during site clearance and landscaping. It may consist of grass or vegetation of any size up to large trees. It may be mixed with soil and dirt and may require separation at the C&DRF using mechanical plant. Once separated it could be chipped or mulched for use during construction and landscaping.

10.6.10 Plasterboard

Several different types of waste plasterboard may be generated including impact resistant, fibre cement, fibre cement soffit lining and fire rated plasterboard. This waste would be offcuts, damaged sheets and small quantities of unused material. Unused undamaged sheets could be stored at the C&DRF for reuse on site.

10.6.11 Plastic coated copper

This waste would be small quantities of wire offcuts generated during electrical installation. Although only small quantities are likely to be generated, the value of copper makes this material likely worth recovering. It could be stored securely at satellite depots or at the central C&DRF.


10.6.12 PVC

PVC waste would consist of off-cuts of conduit and pipe generated during plumbing installation. Mostly pieces would be too small or damaged for reuse but if longer pieces are left over these would be stored at the C&RF for reuse.

10.6.13 General builders waste

General builders waste would be generated over the whole period of construction. This material is expected to consist of a mixture of:

Unrecyclable and composite materials such as insulation, carpet off cuts and broken windows;

Small quantities of food and drink;

The packaging in which food and drink is sold or stored;

Packaging in which building material is delivered or stored; and

Small quantities of miscellaneous waste generated during the construction process.

Bins would be positioned for the separation of this waste from other materials although it is likely that where small quantities of recoverable materials are generated, these materials will be placed in these bins as well. Contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers may be required to minimise some of this waste by using reusable and returnable containers, possibly supplied from the C&DRF.

Cardboard, paper, other packaging and glass are likely to be included in this stream and these materials are easily separated for recycling.

Any general waste remaining, whether generated on-site or at the C&DRF, would be disposed of at a licensed facility.


11. C&D Recycling Facilities Facilities that accept construction and demolition waste for recycling are outlined below in the ACT are shown in Table 29 below.

Table 29 - C&D Waste Facilities in the ACT

Facility Name Location Recycling procedure/services Contact details

Other

Canberra Concreting Pialligo Ave, Pialligo

Sorting and reprocessing facilities Resale of recycled products

Ph: 6249 7427

Mitchell Resource Management Centre – waste transfer station (operated by Remondis)

Flemington Rd, Mitchell

C&D waste area after the weigh bridge. Transferred to Mugga Lane. Small amounts only

Ph: 02 6126 5822

Open 7 days a week 7:30-5:00 pm

Mugga Lane Resource Management Centre

Mugga Lane Symonston

C&D recycling facility Processes mixed C&D and separated material. Has facility to sort materials Sorting and reprocessing facilities Resale of recycled products

Ph: 02 6239 7916

Open 7 days a week 7:30-5:00 pm

West Belconnen Resource Management Centre

Parkwood Road West Belconnen

Recycling drop off centre. Dirt only Open 7 days a week 7:30-4:45 pm

Canberra Service Centre

41 Alderson Place, Hume ACT (opposite Mugga Lane)

Ph: 02 6260 1544

Only two of these sites process C&D waste materials; Canberra Concreting and Mugga Lane Resource Management Centre. Both sites are about a 30 min drive from West Belconnen. Establishing a C&D recovery facility at WBD will save the one hour round trip for many contractors and subcontractors as well as facilitating separation and recovery of materials.


12. Staged implementation Table 30 below shows the proposed staging and implementation of the various waste strategies, operations and facilities planned for the WBD over Stages 1-15 only.


Table 30 - Staged Approach to Master Plan

Stage Year Feature Jurisdiction SCWRP Distribution Centre

C&DRF Transfer Station

Resource Recovery Centre

Kerbside Collections

Other

Pre-Construction

2014-15

Finalise Establish Establish Prepare

Stage 1 2016 R, S, 1 ACT Review Operate Operate Establish simple facility 1 truck, 1 zone Stage 2 2017 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 1 zone Stage 3 2018 R, S ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 2 zones Stage 4 2019 R, M ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 2 zones Stage 5 2020 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 2 zones Stage 6 2021 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 2 zones Stage 7 2022 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 8 2023 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 9 2024 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Prepare place-based collection

contract Stage 10 2025 R, S, C56 ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Let place-based collection

contract Stage 11 2026 M ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 12 2027 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 13 2028 R ACT Review Operate Operate Develop permanent facility 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 14 2029 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones Stage 15 2030 R ACT Review Operate Operate Operate Operate 1 truck, 3 zones

Legend: R = Residential S = School M = Mixed Use C = Commercial O = Open Space 1 = Strathnairn Village 2 = Belconnen Farmhouse Village

56 Shopping Centre First Stage

GHD | Report for Riverview Projects (ACT) Pty Ltd - West Belconnen Waste Management Strategy, 21/23188

Appendices


Appendix A – Draft Construction Waste Management Plan Template

Company name

Company address

Representative name

Representative mobile phone number

Representative e-mail address

Project stage

Company’s main tasks on-site

Waste materials, quantities, storage and disposal methods

Material Type Tonnes/Cubic Metres Generated per Week

Activity from Which Generated

How Stored at Construction Area

Quantity Reused On-site

How Reused

Quantity Delivered to C&DRF

Soil

Steel

Aluminium

Bricks and tiles

Concrete and masonry

Glass fibre

Rock and gravel

Asphalt


Timber

Organic

Plasterboard

Plastic coated copper

PVC

Residual waste

Other materials


Details of all builders, contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers covered by this plan.

Company name

Address Name of principal or main contact person

Contact Mobile Phone Number

Contact E-mail Address

Main Activities

Number of People On-site

Methods used to communicate with builders and contractors covered by the CWRP.

Y/N

Telephone

Text message

E-mail

Face to face conversation

Written instructions

Meetings

Tool box talks

Other

GHD

133 Castlereagh St Sydney NSW 2000 - T: +61 2 9239 7100 F: +61 2 9239 7199 E: [email protected]

© GHD 2014

This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. N:\AU\Sydney\Projects\21\23188\WP\198740.docx

Document Status

Rev No.

Author Reviewer Approved for Issue Name Signature Name Signature Date

0 A Quinn M Welsh DRAFT A Quinn DRAFT 16/5/14

1 A Quinn M Welsh

A Quinn

17/6/14

2 A Quinn M Welsh

A Quinn

19/6/14

This document is in draft form. The contents, including any opinions, conclusions or recommendations contained in, or which may be implied from, this draft document must not be relied upon. GHD reserves the right, at any time, without notice, to modify or retract any part or all of the draft document. To the maximum extent permitted by law, GHD disclaims any responsibility or liability arising from or in connection with this draft document.

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