RiverPollution_Yamuna: By Suresh Babu.ppt

Dead rivers in India

Centre for Science and Environment, April 10, 2007

Centre for Science and EnvironmentNew Delhi

River action plans in India…


Twenty two years later

1 crore = 10 million


River cleaning strategies

Sewage interception & diversion Sewage treatment plants (STPs)

Low-cost sanitation works to prevent open defecation

Electric crematoria

River front works (eg-bathing ghats)

Plantation, public awareness, etc.


River factsheet


Yamuna stretchHimalayan segment172-km

Upper stretch224-km

Delhi stretch22-km

Eutrophicated stretch490-km

Diluted segment468-km

Not meeting coliform bathing standard

Not meeting coliform, DO and BOD bathing standard

Not meeting coliform, and BOD bathing standard

Eastern Yamuna canal

TAJEWALA BARRAGEYAMUNANAGAR

PANIPAT

SONEPAT

WAZIRABAD BARRAGENIZAMUDDIN BARRAGE

OKHLA BARRAGE

MAJHAWALI

MATHURA

AGRA

ATESHWAR

ETAWAHUDI

AURIYA/JUHIKHAALLAHABAD

Banas river

Chambal river

Sind riv

erBetw

a rive

r

Dha

san

river

Ken

river

Ganga riverY a m

u n a r I v e r

N


Zero dilution


Faecal coliform counts


Delhi’s 22 drains


Already Rs 55-75 crore per km has been spent in Delhi stretch. YAP-II will add Rs 25 crore per km.

Costly plans


No dissolved oxygen


Faecal coliform counts


Problem: Learn from Yamuna STPs plants built but not used

Where there is sewage, there’s no STPs Where there’s STPs, there’s no sewage!

Treated mixed with untreated effluent (‘legal’ waste of rich mixed with “illegal waste” of poor)

All effluent (treated & untreated) discharged into drain. Leads to river. No improvement in water quality

No longer can the river dilute waste (no assimilative capacity)


DELHI Per capita availability 211 lpcd

2011 Master plan targets 363 lpcd

Cities want more. All cities plan to increase water availability to meet needs.

Policies focus only on supply


The water-waste-pollution link Cost of treatment depends on the amount of water used

6250

20000

200

640

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

60 lpcd 200 lpcdWater supply

Pop

ulat

ion

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

in R

s

Population catered by 1 mld plantPer capita capital cost


Who pollutes the Yamuna? The rich or the poor?

• Generates 10-30 mld waste (40 to 135 lpcd water supply); • 0.3 to 0.9 per cent of Delhi’s waste


Change water-waste paradigm Reduce water use. Minimise waste.

Treat all sewage (no ‘illegal waste’) from open & closed drains

Treat sewage as close to source as possible (treat residual waste in drains at point of drainage into river)

Reuse and recycle treated water.

Rich must pay more for their water-waste.

Make existing facilities more efficient (before more “hardware”)

Keep treated and untreated water unmixed - reduce treatment cost


Waste sums

● We generate: 33, 212 mld of sewage.

● We have the capacity to treat: 6,190 mld of sewage.

● We actually treat: 4,469 mld of sewage

(72 per cent).

● Therefore: 28,743 mld of sewage not treated.


Waste sums

● Annual cost of treatment of 6,190 mld sewage is Rs 135 - 677 crore.● Capital costs to build STPs= Rs 7,566 crore - Rs 16,753 crore.


Source: Planning CommissionNote: Outlays shown are Central plus State investments at current prices

Money will never be enough

Investment on water-sanitation (as percentages of total plan outlay)

RiverPollution_Yamuna: By Suresh Babu.ppt

Education

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