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1971, p.11.)

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1989, pp.59-60.)

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values)

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1uwriq4~Bo A Framework for Political Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1965 A Systems

Analysis of Political Life. John Wiley, 1965. Ifl~h 3) aind (hd) l ~ ~ o i ~;nuirdodiflumuieoau 48 Politik als Beruf. (quoted

by G.E.G. Catlin in J.A.Gould and V.V. Thursby,ed., Contemporary Polltical Thought, New

York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969, p.27.) 6141~ Maurice Cranston. ~OdY7nlflWI~nlai&?)9

~at.unnalu&4 7 The Mask of Politlcs and other esbaya. London: Allen Lane, 1973, p. l

5. diiiuiuus~Ta2u : iha iu J~:~bu~~nlndauIfliUiI~~t;"adi~a~$~~d

d ( f i ? a i n i r i a ~ f l u ' ~ $ n & Professor of Political Science University of California at

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pp. 10-1 1 .) l#lifi

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6. MSldb9!9"31~Ui1al~U91dPJ3~91~b9~1fd1~

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lurina n'o rzEuPdnr5'g

rin3ainir j u i o q u i 6 a i i 6~niaiiio.ri~a.mmsirazyy (n'omrii

wanszwuisdaodsau (i iu niia #h?n)

Carl J. Friedrich, ed. The Public ~nterdst. New York: Atherton Press, 1962.) dl3 6.1 n a i u i u ~ i q n r z ~ l i ~ i ~ z i d u 1) rzEuqanin n'o rriiuqnnaiiiu.rlidnu

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Awunnuirniiamn arnaiiiov i4i~mrdMZqiiu 1

n.~ur~.n"ul(nna~nirw'wulmul~n (discipline) 0 o n i 9 ~ b ~ ~ m " a u l B

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nlrzniuiSu# r9odXu

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J d ZUGUIR oq6nir au3u ~ u y u i n l ciu~uinualuqKunqu~n~upfainwaiu (pluralistic groups)

M ? 0 ~ l $ h u (pluralism)

u. rzn'udaed 1#ii i&n&fimu~iup3 m31bi iridoq iriu f~uum?

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ioud l rniui

(James N. Rosenau. Turbulence In World Politics: A Theory of Change and

Continuity. Princeton Univehity Press, 1990.) I

IJnd 3 i1hf.J Delineating Disorder

6a~diruo.r (nirauniiu-naiudd7~) : chaos (m-don) n"oiiiaunaiuIf

S Z I ~ U , onau, kin: Complexity ( n a i ~ n 6 u h ~ o u ) .#

und 4 $1 &a" ConceptuaIizing Change: PIuctuations (niridduuiidn~iiuuuu

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Wars" ariu ~ ~ ~ w ~ I ~ : Y U ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ' U I ~ ' F I P I SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) Wid09~1ntp7

Ronald Reagan ~ ~ u ~ I I ~ I u I ~ u ? ~ ~ u ? ~ ' ~ 5) f l l 3 i Q l Q l ~ ~ f l l 3 ~ ~ Yni

B iv'l~o"lnlulr~iu'1~d (access) ii~~16v"l'lQ (understanding, comprehending) ~ Z ~ P I ~ U J 5

P's 1iilf; 1) Public 2) Power 3) Person 4) Policy 5) Participation LlnZ E ~ l l l ~ z 9 Events 80 irlqnirkqluo?miiaz~ol~u

' A d n. P 6aiim i~o~~iani .mi~ido~idnua~o~n'u~~widuai~ia~z (Public) A0 rzgv

B ri?usau r l n ~ v i u l ~ l f l r i l i l pubes bdrnui aiAu~?oiiiimAu (Latin) %Piidnil @M$ (adult)

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! v w w 1) ifiuuorn3oi~uaUorrl"pIn]atvi~uwam~w'um (people as a whole) i s

d.4 el 2) .. niol~uualw~onrzd11~u~10~'110d'bn~ka~d~9~#~~~~65rlndl ningmwuor

da~nvukald (public welfare) wiomr~un3o~ainJaz11vu (public ootery)

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p ~ s e c u t o r - ~ ~ ~ 1 5 , I

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iidrnaiutSu~y u6la.I I a ' d I B n. P $36 3 mri~ori~u~#otn'p16a~wngl (person) i8udocitdnnllflor~~aifl03'u~wr

~oil j;m.11~~~1I~"na~k~1ugi?~1~ k d lain Mcleanand Alistair Mcrnillan n(ila!flunfiqiloda

Oxford ConslseJlictionary of Politics. Oxford Univetsity Press, 2003, p.423. <i"ldadntiw

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5:$Yfi1 b) grassroots ( 5 : h 5 l t l ~ f $ l ) ~ 7 0 ricemots ('lln(il3)

r. P 6af! 4 n i a i i h ~ d i # j ~ policy uIuu~uo~ai iunoani~u~~a!uda~iw~ clhternal

policy) nvtluluuiuQIIi.jJaz1wa [external pol~cy)

6ai?od1auotuluuiurnu9de,nnla~1~~ 1Filit-i n1rwuiuiyn~uriuin'4~~1u1drt1n~11rii ' -4' iitiuduiiqu~d kurjr&mrmri~aaiQZniddii n

~ai?odituo~uluuiump~~ud~e:ina idu luynuotuiunipub~YW'n86~ Pw Qr n'o 1)

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b~3nh~t! OTOP (One Tambol One Ptoduct) 3) k1duid#1lll%.bini

r in i jn in~ id iu~ua inJ I fnu~~ud tbrl Taairr~ tdtlnis N. Rosenau) l u

nnijoiu3m o 'o i i u1auiurndunarn~~u~1nf in~~39iau1d~1a~~~n"~~Yun~i lilunlriflbd

14 PS 103

4 4 ,&. 6r046rr08Jlus (Linkage Politics)

(James N. Rosemau. The Study o rdependence 6LWa The Dramas of

Politics : An Introduction to the Joys of Inquiry)

o. P h d s n'o mrtdoal6~2iiunir4daui3~

9. E ~ ~ 1 ~ 8 4 Evenb 1~~n13dd14 7 a#

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iau~iiu11,tiqnaiulgunln~ t o n2iulilu;rciulnn (gBobaiization) nio l n n i f t ~ i utniqtu v

bMn:~21uldu n'I~wruu~uw (borderless) n z q ~ ~ u a ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ w u ~ ~ d ~ d r z b n n n ~ o ~ ~ n i n

i14q 4 a s dddumu~u (domestic) ldu n l r c i ~ u ~ l ~ o ~ n o % i ~ n r b w a ~ (ethnic conflict) 1u

'4 ds~l3Iflwus ldu rzndlsnu~sww (Sinbala) h.lnunGw (Tamil) l~d3~l~f l f l$#4m d€Ir~nZ 4 IiduC( ordioaiiwaar~Iou (repercussion) iodrzmndu q iiinunaw (n"ciaoaiunOw)

d 4 oiiluo j l6id Zulu uilnliu imzil~nldr n.ro~Uiii~rzXunwdrz~iv12

mrii~an.rmudoulduRo~~~rruwiuin ninAoirailui5~knuinui ( S O C I O I O ~ ~ ~ I ) 4 aJ a r s d v wroa~nuinrnm.r~u'sJ (Politicai S O ~ O I O ~ Y ) ndia&~ adnonudorriiiarsnu~~w'~qi~~wuo~

(kinship) ~ l n r n i u f i ~ u i d u q n i n i S u n r ~ d o i ~ n ~ ~ l ~ m I i ~ i a ? n a ~ u ~ ~ n ~ ' n i i u t9u

d.rrmvltdou#~u diinrnuwu2~6u niollliw'iariu tmlu7nai3u7db n21uldu21utdou ' J'

%iou ~~nzliiu~duldr~auuin3~uu 4 d r ~ m n ~ u t ~ u ~ n a ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ u ~ r r . p ) 6 i ~ 1 n ~ w d i ~ ~ u u 1 n n i ~ ~ g ~ u n p ' u ~ w r i i ~ R u u ~ ~

v (Dravidian) 1mzrli&rnojdwain8ul~obf u~drzuim ~"nln~unrlriiriuloa

$1454 ,

1) Ira Katznelsm, et al, eds. The Politics and society Reader ~I%~b3a~'~~ln?101 d 1nua6umri$@~ll~a~~nu. New York: David Mckay Co., 1974.

2) 7rlan irrilu. ZiJnuinuimr~o~. n1amnq : 11 ~n'rrduniinuin'u r i u l i l l n~

,2546.

fJ The World Almanac and Book of Facts lln~1& Google lm: Wikipedia l d ~ d i ~ 6.4 'IJUUW~IJ q ~ o ~ d i ~ i ~ l u I : ~ ~ m r i ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ d u n r ~ v f i ~ ~ d l ~ a d n ~ 1 u ~ 7 u ' ~ i l i ' u

rinl#8wn'dini 3 8116 ?Pillri

1) Force 80 diuiui1u~~#maiu~u111( . 4.ruirnfql4#v'n coercion (ln-~oaia-ih) n u1u89 farm of influence

characterized by a high level of constraint or compuIsion"

(Jack C. Plano, et als. The Dictionary of Political Analysis. Second Edition,

California : ABC-CLIO, 1982, p.2 1 .)

2) Power iio diwio ti% WUiymY4 ~$~unaiunmufia q i d $8 oirlflwdiuio

fnurouassun4oioivoun~~ui;i8 d s A'

3 Authority n'o d i~l~~~eusrruniodiui~w~nnuu0?nn1~uo'~5'u ~ i o ~ n 4 i o ~ 9 9 0 miuunfl~$un'qngpmu uiw!qiiunii legitimate power G[i~dniiuii uansaiuion tmr:

~siarndiwiow

4) flwd diw10 (power) {u i?n?amn~i Grover Starling 18isnuu:oonldlflu 3

3duuu !#kid . d d

I ) diuianinuariu ssi#wa~uw (connection power) n'a 2vniynin nio diuau

~nuuiqnR~uh * a 2 power11 i;o itn(umt~iiu@tu d ~ u n u i w ~ u d o d l ~ ~ 41u7wlno

2) d ~ u i u ~ u i t l i i ~ ~ i n ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ i ~ ~ i z n i ~ " I u ~ ~ w z ~ ~ u a n i ~ (expert power) tiu llnnd

rioufldiuio~ndanu!(l

3) d ~ u ~ u ~ u ~ n ' ~ a i n ~ i t d # n ~ n i v " I u n ~ ~ " I X N ~ B I B ~ L L W W O ~ ~ ~ B I ~ ~ I J Y W (reward

power) i u - 1 ~ 6 ~ n iu i50"1~~uno~ nio P I I ~ ~ H ~ P nio " I X m a i u i ~ u l ~ ~ o I u d o ~ i i ~ ~ 1 8 ,

(Grover Starling. Understanding American Politics. Homevood, Ill.: Dorsey,

1982, pp.115-118.)

8w&u q il6uaUoariu POW ii du 9 9 w u .r( l d

1) enswu (influence) r n s ~ ~ ~ r n r ~ n n a w u n u ' ~ 1 ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u u 1 0 0 1 (manipulation)

1iaznis94~"ais 2- 9 . 4 4 I s

2) ni~a'ng.rlo . (persuasion) usi&naiuindiuunlrrinulluqnroufimao@ 4 u naiu~i3ntbynfiwnrowwsn~d (obligation) i t o ~ # o ~ R o t l ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i u ~ f i u ~ i i u i ~ i f l u ~ ~ o ~

f'! wgn&e.r" nio srauliban (legitimate) ( r ,

(Carl J. Friedrich, ed. Authority. Cambridge, .Mass: Harvard University Press, 1958,

pp. 178-8 1 .)

- -7

6.5 1un5~Ciijn3iu~#f1 j1 b6Ysusrru* r n r ~ # ~ i u i a u u u ~ u u ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ! ~ d i ~ ~ u u ' n Y I

4iinsimn dfi~nlurlou~o~~uif~9'dni3du

~Gnidiuian n?obiuiammad~# wiol~uaouarru (authority) d~diiuutii~ 7 6u \

d u d $4 iidnr (unr) iaiusi

(Max Weber) !&iu'9!%8~fri~d5~~fl~ (Max Weber. The Theory of Social and

Economic Organization. New York Free Press, 1947, pp.324-26.)

!#ilfi

1) laudg:ad4inia1~awiGeldqtli (tnditiona~ authority) ~ u i f i u i ~ ~ ~ u o ~ n i ~

~ I U ~ I ~ ~ W 9,2546, Hldl 339-371) I

6.6 ~ n ~ m ~ 6 i ~ ~ ~ w 0 ~ f i a i ~ ~ f i u f ~ e l i n 0 1 r " $Q ~ u ~ s . r ! i u u n s d i d s ~ f i ~

(Copernican perspective) ~ ~ 1 # ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ l ~ l 0 l ~ ~ ~ u ' ~ ~ l 5 l f f l f f O 1 5 " ~ l ~ ' 1 d n " ' I I ~ Nicolaus 4 w d

Copernicus, 1473-1 543 l~~lhfjlllff m i t ! l ~ l 5 f l ~ ~ o Donald E. stokes. nn'l3lfilfjmfl~fifiu

s ? a l n ~ ~ d i o 9 w ' a l 5 r u l ~ l n ~ ~ ~ o ~ ' ~ ~ 4 ~ n ' 4 1 ~ m ~ l 5 & ~ ~ 1 ~ m " ~ 6 ~ l d (a detached observer)

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(political actor) n4u iluau (no iflu detached, positive snd descriptive perspective) i f i ~ Y U U O ~

B e J a a r~unnn' i~oinyurro~~11~~na~iwti i~1a~fl ior i1~!5 (normative) ~~ounisthrn.iiiuu8~ui

fluhrn f unii prescription) IXYuJ~zniu (prescriptive) itdanrugninmilrurnmr~zR'u

PWRlPl (micro-economics)

(Donald E. Stokes. "Political and Organizational Anslysis in the Policy Cumculum".

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 1 , 1986,45-55.) d

(David Easton %Id11 u ' d 8 l R ~ Eugene J. Meehan . 'IIB Contemporary Political

Thought: A critical study ( ~ a i u ~ ~ n i g l d s ~ ~ a w m ~ u : nig~nv11P.r?wl(ni. ~ o m ~ w o o d ,

I

Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1967.)

Donald F. Kettl and H. Brinton Milward, eds. The State of Public Management. The

Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, p.54) nr i ia~gqd

7. rq~1a91ilU015(1~55~91~a"U91n 4 4

n a i u n ' ~ i ~ ~ ~ m n s l ~ 1 ~ a ~ X u ~ u 5 u i ~ ~ u ~ u i ~ u d C o d ~ i ~ ~ n u o ~ ~ w i l ~ ~ u d n (Olympics)

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n a 1 r r ~ u i u i ~ i ~ i w r u ~ ~ ~ u ~ z n i i ~ q 1 ~ ~ d i ~ 1 ~ w i ~ u ~ a u ' i o z i 9 ~ r i a r d w ~ ~ i 1 1 i i o i ~ n ~ i u ~ w o i u n

wnldini.rmz fio Builuynlunm

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az-bsnr) nauu~u~7~u ih rb i o lnnln (Plate, C. 427-347 B.c.) go ~0~111r~ida u i~&i i (

oon~flusiimndl~oenld I J ~ bad6 ~ i u ? n I$+ii+h idnlm (in64 oiu'ik ~laiuBnm~nirl8as

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reuaawng. 23 nqNmnra 2 5 3 1 , ~ 6 l 9.1 .

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theoretical foundation I ~ U J l f l j l ~ 1 ~ 9 ' ? l ( ) ~ a for a government that would embody the justice

d~niunirdnnro~ddnndn~Gli J JU he had found to be lacking in the actual governments of

his day.")

(G. Vesey and P. Foulkes. Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Collins, 1990, p.223.)

iui t o 1 l~ i r~nu~mul l iun i ru~r io~ i i i 8u9n i~~dc~~n iaminTo~d~zn iau

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rinooniiiudu n'o so7nIniifng9 dli#alidiio:16dic!amiunaiu~uu 80 il&1lAneciiuu a 4 d l : u~nnm~9~~iuotoi~nhlili~auu1niiazlid1n'mw1zlua.ri~~nnmr~niuu nd~a

6u~1d iu~8u(~~na iu~ouf~~uun ia i~n~u(enc~c1o~aed ia ) iiofl~ouYjnBoq n ~ a f l o d l ~ n /

d u r n ~ r j m ~ ~ l i l m u m ~ ~ ~ d i ~ q j i & t r i politics d

n a i u r o u f ~ ~ . r a i i a ~ m ~ ~ a i l l i n " ~ u u ~ i n n i r i l a ~ ~ ~ ~ i 3 n'o ii IQ r z ~ ' u o t ~ u

k a i ~ (genius) o(ii.aiRua nTo~innir i i finlev idu rnwa1mid~~~ffni1a.i id~8uiw'ilzij 4 ' ~ l d $3. t o uqpnrqui run '~u1~~hni~u r~uironiulnPiinu~n'urianini~iaun'u 1Mllri i6iviu

lia~nnriulnai (uiwhiTiuui1 amnnuaai) ~c11~iduuiuunriln7n~unniuidu~nr~rr~

n'uoimin~18.aiiiid llloiiOu au"rzfk8Gui~umowmu"o

w~~ihasiannu~nai1&i~uni~un( io~i i lSu uumnr- (The Great) nioui.m!q o, a d w sd.4 Zuni1 ~~nlmrul lalannumoi$n~u~~ nrcibunu~ruiuoiiwrzruoJ'0~1~ 20 wrruinnzi8u14

~ q i i r i & i 33 W33fl1(356-323 B.C.) d: 4 Imunld c iou~~zi j fnuimri~mnplr u u u n ~ r ~ u n ' i i ~ l $ u a $ o q n ~ q d r z ~ m n ~ ~ i i ~ a : :

cia 1 diaqjiuiriou nirciiliinuociaiigni$1ms"lu~iuz~Iflu"anerini~~u~u~9.oiai~zuiniia~~du

~:uu i9uwn~1udaulw~uo~uwid~ia~oiiabmida

B niu16snquo(iisiiws'wniu idu d ) ~ l a h i (Bhagavad Gita) w ~ E ) n i i U O ~ ~ W ~ ~ M ? O "urn

n33 la tq l lnwd i~ iin:lunCdoarrarnii (srn'uuniniwU'-epic) idu uwi113m:: d

(Mahabharata) i i ~ ~ 3 1 9 J l ~ ~ 3 ~ (~%310l l l l z The Ramayana) 4 8 4 uwimrm:i8uarrarnm.a~u(idwn1unu mrziduariumracn~iuriiuo.r~~ua~U

4 I uwimnkocnrnro I ) ~al8.A (Iliad) iinr 2) IDA^^ (Odyssey) ooni~ucmuwouiyn3u n'o

~89'111a813fh (Aryan) d :

u n ~ n ~ ~ u n c ~ o c r ~ o c flwoi~ed8ic6rn~~lnin Y d uocnirinuoir6'u e

ii tlnp Aa) i!evii~#iim~oiruio'nrrad urrw'c r~n~nc~~l#r~mn~r~%~anauna"u~zni ic

~ 1 3 ~ W ~ ~ r n 3 l " a ~ ~ W @ravidian)

(nuou oiuiu~ww". dsz 4 d 19ulif : ernna~ilopGu. nqcmnr : vitiiiy nir

w'uwd, n fi 19-20.) . ._

8.2 u w i n i ~ ~ ~ o e ~ i u t ~ u ~ 6 r ~ ~ a n ' u ~ ~ z r i u nniituj' nr:n'nvii U i r f t~ i w ~UIUII~:

A di~a:nrtu q 5 u t f l u n i r a z d u ~ d u n i i 461vww iinmaidu3riun?iaivorrvvIna~wd (divine

kingship) I R U ~ W ~ ~ ~ I U 14;114 8~(i07113 Y d e ~ u W ~ ~ l ~ n 5 ~ n l ~ l ~ J n ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ v l " avatar 1 ~ ~ d n ~ l r ~ ~ e ~ n r n u 0 ~ n l 3 ~ 3 1 ~ 3 a 8 9 n 1 9

(two-way traffic) r:~~ie~ir~arrum:~uoonn'um:a'uwn d

(d~'VT~a0111-avatar 1. Hindusim a god's coming down in bodily form to the earth;

incarnation of a god. 2. any incarnation or embodiment, as of a quality or concept in a person.

6145~ Webster's New World Dictionary, 1979, p.96.) ~ o l W l : % 4 ( ~ (Vishnu) nioBYi3:

w i 3 l u d (Narayana) 66nznl~~nq~(118%!~13 i m z u i r 8 d i u i o (charisma-oanl8u9~1 "lmfi

.& B 1 1 w a n i f lu l i i rdu? i iud i i i 6uy3y nio .uyH rtnoriuiirflugilnna~9uan

I uyvbt9ununrn n r i e ~ o d 0 d ' i o z r r ~ c v u n i u w ~ 9 ~ rmr i i tn iwndonpwuih

PS 103 2 1

-. 1 ..

lunlutRrilnuI#~uhuuini~uoq

(Gn h.ruiql8u. rzuudkqlinido~~pbuipba~aaufiia~ad. nqcmwl: dirinduw'

qwinsnr&uminu~iiu, 2529, H ~ I I .)

ciu"nuiua~rtuniaai~~~~~~ia~~uan'uf3iaini~1~1nffo rnailunonmrdnnrot 94 w ~ m z w a ~ u w r : o ~ ~ ~ n i ~ $ r ~ ' ~ ~ ~ u ~ u n i r ~ n w r o ~ d u ~ " i ~ $ ~ c & i o ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i n a i ~ ~ ~ a Baluyn

a 4 Awnnuaf l#?ulul duo~#iaa1%1nr~~wnopb q

(1. A.L.Ba5ha.m. The Wonder That Was India. New York: Grove Press, 1954 2. V.P.

Verma. Hindu Political Thought and Its Metaphysical Foundations. Varanasir and Delhi:

Motidal Baranasidas, 1959. ~.Iu~%I?uYR~H~ 0 1 0 d l ~ l f l ~ V.P. Verma. Political Philosophy

of Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvodaya. 4t ed. Agra: Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1981 .)

~ ( n n n d i i i ~ r o ~ a ~ u i a i n w a t a i n i l l i r i 4 l a i i m nieGanuYiwnnud aiua

arrvnin~l fo3uiui i w.rz~,flui#ilnh~Innudaafiqrarud~~a'p~Ian sioa1nhlrnh.r " a id4 uyvt idol~uyub 1) diliin: 2) o ~ i i U e d i ~ d n R q u I ~ ~ ~ i a ' u n i r d ~ . u ' ~ ~ ~ ~ a a a ~ z p l ' ~ a n0

r i ~ n d i d u o ~ a ~ r r t 1) nnnuaf 2) n Jw?b 3) uwnu' (do611 imz 4) Vr

Z n ~ r u n d o a w r s r ~ a ~ i ~ i h w ~ni.snriia.j1wrz5iaiZo~dd;1znouitol'~iww7~

n l z c ~ d ~ q l i i w r r a r u ~ d i ~ ~ . r z o ~ d ~ ~ z b 5 i i m z v r z w i ~ wr:oaito wrzoitniimr

wrz6'uni n'o na~ntianaiuylrrru mrsqdn'o Jiiaqiar n'o wr:aja iit~ nvrriniuqbs

~d.rSunrmwm ( d a ~ h ~ u i q j i u , dpd iq , w f i 48.)

o l i~d r in iu i i A i u r r u i u i d u a ~ u d n ~ 1 r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . 8 ' ~ o i ~ ~ m ~ ' o p 1 u ~ ~ ~ (8finSJImm ilPi?~

8.ma1uii~liiuuoq(du ~7urzr1a1nrsfii ln~uui~luw5~51an"~ ffo n a w q ~ ~ i m z n ~ n r l u 4 nn1aztidqo1~1k.r naiuhka nirdo; l i ru~iuBo~i~nrn~rdnnro~iBo~vulXo~lu~a~u

i niu~uo!bina1uiiiu~in~uui~iidn:nuudaain~dr:~u~uui~~~6a wr:~iainrri$on &!is4 plaiol~iunnnqn

nirai~uwudi6tglun"onir wrrsiainr~dinv1nrinud(~~~3~~1q6~q~q~ 061 Z b o f i u ' u g i u i i ~ a c i ~ u w a ~ a a o 1 f i i ~ ~ 1 a " u ' 1 u z ~ 1 ~ 1 n ' ~ ~ a w z ~ ~ i ~ ~ a % 1wair!#rrq?w~1~ua35'

otii;lu~nyt ilia^ ~i.ru%yiv. diwdia.ndi27.)

8.4 d ~ n o u n ~ ~ ~ n s i i ~ n ~ w a d o n a ~ r l n ' ~ n i ~ n ~ r l i i o ~ idu liinou~$uan'u

nnl5ticirra~u 6du4u ((arlan "?mu,. nkm~qnrniauiKuda~'11iBd1~1~ nrGnaiu

luuamcl. ~onm~rnt iaini~~malnu zoo. qu6ionrnslainmr narzijmnmi un~i'inuiliu

31~~111~4,2546.) '

od4 oiailnui din%i i s l ~ n ~ i z ~ ~ n . ~ i u n i ~ d n n ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ? i ~ a i u

w3zo;rn"luoffmuo.~Su14u idu 3irawuirrtVa~o.awrzdi ~ o l m n ~ ~ l i a i r " ~ $ ~ ~ ? I ~ or n d d d

tlHPI3UDPnM 3 i i $ ~ r i v a s d ~ ~ z ~ ~ S D P ~ I % ~ ~ U { Z D1 un~J i~Bqmr Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S I R U ~ A P I I U

ncllinirsrarui~~wfzv~n~mnui

nrsrau 10 ~ isnc l%s~ ia rmu nuiui7.r I) sa~uuotarznai #ow'sdg'G?, 2)

~a%1~wrz6ku~iu~"una3d3zw~? ol?6uniiigu dhmu (norms), 3) qcusrauuor a d ~dnn.ro.adiuiiior fitnpndio~6u'uffallfiGGIu~9q *mrnrzdi i i i n ' ~ ~ ~ ilnzqn.rd3~ (Cu

HUIU~'.~ gclanl gmun~dimzdi%qi), 41 s.1ruuot~ndnnro4 n'o &$ugiur~G4li.riiuflv%i

szKunl1s q 1

I) niu ni~!i(~o nnzn?widtrioirji24iiu4 dauinn'odrznnupi iinriiidqj

nis1sadsz%u(lr6

2) i n naiudrzwqR5ciu n'o chraumuimza3nair drznouuimrqtkinlli d s y n ~ , d

imlqm18nasiflu~aoii~ i m : i ~ u d m i m ~ ~ i u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e l r ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r utwuuonlnrszgiinnu

3) filj001nz n i r ~ 3 o ~ n 80 iilunnz~~ai~qudiriql i?Iu&u mnomtu~~mu~~mu~~o

I) d3zlmdqrredcnnu imz 2) naiuu~uiiou#wuo~sJ'iu ~u"o4

4) 01nnaz naiu40mrs Go . $ o ~ . i t v r ~ ~ G 1 ~ u ~ ~ u i d$Fim~iial~uqoim i innu

isl lo lu'wnonnasdazriru

9 Lna:: naiudsuluu n'o iihuliiu ~ixiowB~wuiurnunrz~i~ o'ooqi i n a ~ u

~4 i~ ia~ i iR~dn 'a~ i i 3u iqn iw~~uan nzyunrlu IwT4;naiukfinfftdiiuimdiin5q

6) ~ d z flIlUIII46GlII n'0 ~u).IN~~BII~~(uH~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ i n r o ~ . i i Q i ~ 0 ~ 1 m r z ~ u ~ u & ~ u ~ t

18 lu'uo~ln'nn~lwnwuny'ulunaiuqvsSiri~~inznaiunl~uid~ i ina iu i~uo~ndimm

nioodi-anii7q r j s ~ u l d ~ z d i d ~ ~ i u r di ialf luiqrd

7) Wnsz naiu'luTn3s n'o 'ldn$anrin p6iui~naiulnrs audu1wql8%7a6'u

naiuunzn.iziimrdi~ q iimnmclduassu iiiumnielrzdila~~szs'unai~~n'o~~u iQo i ,

n a i ~ i i ~ z n s ~ i i n i s 8 a u ~ ~ 1 1 6 u s i u ~ u u i ~ u ~ a u ~ ~ m u ~ ~ s -

8) o j i i ~ u i naia~'ldi iu~lB~u 80 i d i ~ ~ u n ~ i A ~ U iRuniGyfi?~ niointu6

riu~~~lanriro1n'unaiuoiwimin~ua95'a w e d A

9) @LIMB\ AalUbAn91 Wo QWYIU~QJIUWPISIOPI~I ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ u Q u ~ ~ ' ~ u d re, dualr nlunonou n ' a a r ~ n ~ a ~ n ~ t i r h u 4 1 1 ~ u n d ninmaodiala 6linaafiiklo ldnsuar

~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ~ I A P I ' I I B P I B ~ ~

10) oilrsu: naiu7dnainsrru n'o ?iaotkSuwCwcifiiiduIu~~r~ A P ~ 7 i j i 4 4 d s nnuioul~uanhinaiw5izdoud1~3fiu niniinnir:: rrrooQgi3uat su~girualla 7 137%

d d a 'sn ih luarru i?qli?uylarru n'o nnumuaar5u na unrrrrr n'o rsiduuiiuui~wunXnnia

e, A 9 019 llnnroa mnaaouuuuarruiiiuudr~iwsil6~3aiu ilR 1JJr::wqAlnmnoungliaa~(slld

(Dictionary of Buddhism). u ~ ~ ~ V ' Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ I ~ ~ V U I ~ , 2538, ~ l f l 285-287.)

n1ri~uui~uu61nouma~~aii"n~?4io~~93a~oa~1?m1a4'~fl1$1mi$u1nn~na~~u

Buddhism) idud uT5d1 (Naropa Institute University) Ol l $ ~ a Boulder ~ f i ~ d a r i ~ ~ 1~ anYjoius13ni

8.5 lud~rmn'lnu~rnrdu~a~iuan'v niYh?mii Ilu~snar~u4iu~ai~m7n#gluls)~w' Y

nl~YnulnGuni 200 ?I Id n...2szs o u $ n ~ a f l a i ~ ~ n i r i i u a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ ~ u r a u f l ' ~

Jr::riilJlnu. nlainnl : ~~6nirya~naninu'nar'uw'ui1idafon, 2527. n r ~ ( ? i o i ~ n ~ ~ u s l r ~

n{n (pillar) i i ~ ? f i n ~ n a r 5 ~ ~ ~ a ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 i ~ 9 p r d n i a d n n r o ~ o i o r i d r ~ w ~ r i i l ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ n a ' n 0 ) A a iunni nlaciidunrin i i u m o u n i r n h ~ o u u n u ~ i a ~ ~ n i r d ~ n o ' ~ ~ ~ n i ~ ~ n (8o urhc) i i o

u i K n n 7 ~ u ~ i G u m i ~ i i n z ~ o ~ l n d i 4 ~ ~

'9. Yg~inmiluoiquaqqumz.%;u~on : $u I

a au~uranmia imuaraud~c i~ i i~ rnato ' rna iu i4 iu i~~~~oa P anfi?ndq go

(Philosophy n'o dfr(~1) lJ~~kTlu'~tl1n P'a du7 f o Power, Pvblic, Policy, Persons 1163 I

Paticipation Jfwqi HUIUBJ ~?IU *d. l i .~$~ ~~n::naw~ ~ d . ~ l n * P f i i ~ J k ~ l i ~ ~ 7 M?Q ~ ~ ' l m r

24 PS 103

P

h a d - u o ~ 7 u i a a J r r u i m aoossoo~'Jui i~Xa ibillril) m a i i o n i o l n a i l o (Laocius n i o P

Lao-tm J r z u l m 604 B.C.) 2) a d o trjerc8'o (Confucius C. 51 1-479 B.C.) 3) l d ~ i a n i a l d P

98 0 (Mencius 'IJS~~JIW 372-289 B.C.) '." : *

9.1 maia'o d n m i u h 6 n v a A r i o d i a q i n i o ~JnapJ{ar iw

1) Pa4 mm~o~si~uinni iuc#oJrzu~m 20 Q k i fu mmioi i t41oruaam

odia~nfiriuwrz~naorn'n'odaqdijunii 64qnaoin9s nuiu i iq qnar inr ia f lapr ju (iiu

2551) ~an+-~ulani.45 $nr.r&nou n"odtzu7p l2596~ uiililj -0' + dinouuo~inm~oJrifiQ9uErluo~iiunr~mi~din~ip n'o o 'o i iwi i i f luAvdi i iu

8Vlzlh ~f oldil (TAOISM)

A i i i I& (Tao) %O$~I%I~UHUIU~J b6W19n, uP133glln n j Y ~ g l a i u ~ ~ u ? d m i u

~ ~ n n i ~ v o ~ m r n i h ~.mXiui iunaiunaiuuo~ 6cmnrn9u n i o 66u0179 l vmu iu i i i 8unnqm

(n. miiurqm ~mzluiaimu' nalilnyadun cio~n-ina.r : J&qlil6i J j~u i ldw.

nlawnq : k G u A o c , 2 ~ 2 6 , ~ G i lo, 17-18.)

-2) r i i nouuosmmio $8 1) l X ~ i ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ i m ~ ~ ~ n i a s i a n i ~ l d m i f ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ a 0 ~ w 9 1 4 P 4 n?omiuurrsn (dl) uoqnrm&di.r q 2) nov~( i luna iunwm ~ d i i d q i i u q a ~ ~ a a d u iinz 3)

1 X i i c l a ~ u ~ J u o ~ o d i ~ j r q m u l ~ u a m ~ l t c i . r d i l u (liiuud) . 3) l i i n o u d i d u a r i u n i ~ ~ n g l ~ o ~ ~ w ~ m r ~ u ~ ~ a ~ w i a ' o ~ ~ ~ u " ~ 1Aid

n. ~ ~ ~ ~ r i u ~ ; l d m r ~ n ~ a d o n i r n f i ~ v o ~ ~ i u d n n r ~ ~ (iinfi.rii) n ~ m n i o a A'

I n ~ o r i i i m u i i 4 a (iliudnnroq) a ~ o d i ~ n ~ n $ o ~ u o a i i u ~ . r n $ l d n n d . r w p w i h d nrpr

t9lPilnsp1614'4"

u. ~ n ~ r d a r l ~ r i u ~ r d ~ r j ~ m i u ~ i k ~ h.r~m~tl~~iv~ldobglaiup13~nf

(voqmu) i n u i ~ 1 7 i ~ i ~ u a r r u r ~ ~ ~ i u u 4 1 ~ q l J ~ d u ~ l d # a i i l n d m n a i d a n (oo.amu) o m

~iiav*(idqhq, nG-135-3s.) B 449

9.2 a a t o n ~ o u q r o u a a m o ~ u i u n i i 2400 au~lth i i ~ ~ u ~ l r : p n ~ o u i o ' ~ t u ~ ~

77 n'o Kung ~eh-cheng ~ P I U ~ n.n.2529 o i y 65 B im:i(ifd'n10dlu14injunu a n m ~ n u o r v d o

k5dduin ibu . ~ w n d i u % d d n a e ~ a d a 8o 28 riuuluw k l&f lu .iynan (Far Eastern

Economic Review, 8 August, 1985, p.34.) A d a I a liinouuo~u~ooifivqmarruii~~nm"qqnm~aiiuo~qmr~um~~miu~ani (fi l ial piety)

~ u l ~ a u l l a ~ ~ n h t (right living)

dq$onau~~fdn' l lnnr~~~~asaru ~ m z ~ u n m i n ~ o c i i o u r r w i d r z ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d n d o ~

~ ~ A ~ ~ v D . ~ w B ~ ~ w R I ~ I G ~

c i n i . a i n i r a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 d u o t n i ~ u ~ v o ~ u r t l i " a m u i ~ ~ o d " w i (Nanyang A d

~ n i v e r s i ~ - ~ ~ Y ~ ~ d ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ f l . ~ Nanyan Technological Inrtitute) # f l Y l l f l U ~ L ~ UYIdd$iiUO6U

siia~rn~6nludoqviia q

~ J Z I I U ~ U I P i io n ~ i u ~ 1 ~ l n $ i ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ m ~ n ~ ~ u u o ~ I a n ~ l z a ' u o ~ n n ' ~ ) ~ ~ a ' u ~ n Y 4 nrii?n'o i~uoiralm~~sllflu3~u'vo~1wobm~flu~aain"~ 20 1dlriiiliia~rtaiq~~fluoioi56

A l . 4 6di~pd~lluun1u.r~~1~.erw~ooniodri"~~~u~ou n'a udo un~~ulldjilonniwii~ 1 tptu

8~ 2 4 0 0 ~ ~ 1 1 l ~ ? ~ l Q Q ~ l l l ~ ~ d

s i ~ n 1 m 1 i a ~ ~ u u t d u ? ~ u 1 0 u a ~ m ~ u n i ~ 4 u ~ u 8 ~ *'ihltuu~ii( q UOP~WRI~ # u ci ~fluvo.mmkloqCqiiu i io yrwdnlAun~.n~nn~naiu~~"aua~~i(ilii~~oda~~~wd q ~azaan.rasnr.r

naiul4E

(The Politics of Aristotle translated with an introduction, notes and appendices by

Ernest Barker. London: Oxford University Press, 1961, p.57. ; cited in Wu Tch Yao, "Aristotle's

and Mencius' Ideas of Politics", in the Occacional Paper Series, No.100 of the Institute of

Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Nanyang University, Jurong Road,

Singapore, 1979, p.9)

9.4 quj (qunj, Sun wu) b ~ u ~ n 1 m r n r u n t ~ d n ~ a ~ 4 o ~ 1 u ~ n ~ w ~ a &du

li7~dkswrr~'ldou#oudiu10 di~nmtunrdi.r q nuiuiu4m~iuifluInoj iinirrunriilu

Y Y i u ~ ~ o . ~ ~ ) ~ ~ u o n ~ a ~ ~ d # ~ u ~ o f i w i m ~ ~ a z ~ i ~ n ~ u

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Goulnoj u d ~ i i u i i n r : i # i ~ n ~ n ~ " u ~ a i ~ ~ a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f l ~ ~ Q i ~ o ~ ~ ~ n i o ~ n o i n ~ i ~ n i r ~ d o ~

~679fil41WM

u. ~iAiia'ua.rnriuuo~q~jii~Rur6~0~'~uiu dtu.oi~jiiundo.r qu~ndiaii

wn"nWua4nmu ii s dsrnis 1Giiiti nirP1iUPqii.~

d d . I ) nrru Ao n~nmlfiriugri~fliaauiwIpdd riuihudi iauiflunaiu~iul~ulai

5 ~ C k I d 8 ~ h P l 5 1 ~ I . . , I

2) Bpdflioinin n i r ~ n ~ w i q n ~ ~ u ~ ~ u n u i a du~nynnioiiw'.aii6.a

3 gSJr-.mn iiuafiugqqdd'q .. 4) yuwn i io ~nnn~nod3hu I ) ntiflqlqll 2) naiul$u.rarou 3) naiuamml

4) naiupdiniq imz 5 ) n a i u l d i r ~ a n I ~ u ~ ~ ,

5 ) rduu3flu i i~ mrbwnru i ~ ~ d ~ n m n m m i r q ~ u q 9 ~ l ~ d i u u ~ ~ n ~ ~ X ~

(ifitur irqn, $dnunzliuuliuc, dinllr'aaqnriuqlw~. n14inwl : diu'nriud n.16,

2529, ~ ~ 1 5 ~ 1 0 . )

n. iiinouuo.aqu~ 8tn3iu niuiigr v$ui i b r i w ~Ao~u'ului~uniriofl 118

ru loo nf.aAauz 100 nfq 6 i f i o u u o ~ ~ u ~ 1 5 u ~ n r i i ~ v ? ~ l i u u m i ~ i l ~ 1 ~ ~ d ~ 1 J ' 6 o ~ i 1 4 ~ 1 n ~ ~

Jrznirurn nirfgo nirl$i& (access) imz~&'h (understand) ~n$f4nismrzwh

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naiumiw~urniuiia pi?0tiiq 80 1u~2.a~iuvoquwinqnS~u1nnnfqd 2 so~~iuniulSiiiamoi

wuiuiucr ~f i i~ Ao $ n u n i r t c n u o ~ d i u ~ u ~ ~ a ~ i w " ~ d n ~ ~ ~ ~ n d ~ . a Q ~ ~ n ~ ~ n r o ~ ~ n u d i u r ci d' d w P

t u o r h iidfiniuirnnriul4 nenfiinuma?.r q i ~ s n ~ ~ o n ~ z ~ i n i r u n w n u u ~ n d w ~ s 0 1 ~ t i l ( 6

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4od 4 h@a(ni ~1l~iui5u~f~nl)~:uiar"

64 s mgqcym ~n2iui9u(f'nnin~*

PS 103 27

I.

$ail 6 fi#gqmi 6sna~uiqu(fkluaum

b# 7 l)n~%yqni '~naiui~u#'inynnn"

1inouuua~naR'tnPiiani%11~~~11dd~r~n~14 Irildduaidnwiqmnm%"iiilu&;iu

n~rnroq~mlnui?a 7 !d#au R'~d~ing~u$oi!uui~~an'uiId~rwinu~ifl~d ni3u?wi=iq3n"~

im-8u 7 4i?u

9.5 i~o~s1amamri~oad~an'uu1n~1na~~tun3s%1~~d%za"mfl1glma"11oa~u 60

do?raiuih (The Three Kingdoms) d 3 ~ ~ l f u W.R. 71 1 z0 1700 8 daruiida

wmuiinw i f luplqaiuni~l ls~W'u6~~~ Jnn ls~~@u m a nf iu oa idonrnufou'l

uiii#a #auiU$nim3z6unrq9fudi IUIIIYI'I~U ~ n ~ u ~ n o ~ w m u a l j u (versions) i i u miuh

1) afiuhwr:uiwar~4 (MU) 2) a5uaa3nnvaaeirou $r~uubuoidub~noinfliun"n

arj,iBiw$zuiw3s~~~a (nu) ~in:afiumu16qnqu uoau'iini indiaoi iinr 3) ahuiuqu

voa u.r.a.iinqni d3Ca ifluXu

yr$u iiiumrnnr iiuuliuanJqdo4o n&lnuiinafiu'uu'uh ~~udnr'aii ln

qmnu 2540 Tnudiu'nriu&inam?-nfounoa $ t m ~ ~ ~ ~ a u o n r i i i l u r ~ i n i ~ n i a ~ d ~ a '1

KaPioldZ

1) naug 44du~~u~douiiinainn~~nazfii6q~3m71 mow nairrdari~$uoanau~

2) ~Ruaqu 46fiiqfunidu qtuaniluh9* wou ihay ugnnoudanir naiunuiu - iio ~dajJnqml#i(hrlsn~r '

3) Idd (1) "Think Big, you will be big" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I u I Q I I w ~ ~ I ~ H ~ " ~ ~

m$dni r n'o diriuCvniuoald3ou q nn~lnuianiztiawu'i d e

4) 34 66rmd~ia14'qld $ i i i ionuiu18~~i Ia~~ mou G~iflund3nviuoaidi$nia

S w i g $0 iiua CP #~o1~tu16n~lru=na1~'Ifl~8au 1 4 4 3 didJ (2) uC/iad%!(ln 80 6dalu~jla~u" mow midivqJuai~ai3u#d?nui

9 . 4 s 6) u r i h (1) 6.~ian'onaa naaiisalia~9 mou#uam~nnntunaPqui21

w 4 Y

7) Guvkn "niuuu 101.4 niudiaii/uaw ~ l0u na1~iuaiu~o~4uGuji niruinir n"a

w"ao51mu%#iglun5n lridouiro +

8) W k (i) ~66u'ui~.a~umiumai:~~~~iaiiw"iou1y mou &lh~ ioannuia i~ua lL

au~nSlfl&rn3

28 PS 103

10) Z'hd (1) 66~dunuinln oriiqnadiafiaaw ~ o u Blilrun'u~Ru?y u ii13 yod+7n?nRd~rr~rzi iidn. utfaanayn~muh. n lc~swl : diu'nw^a.~d

qvniwla, 2542.

nin 1 a'ikiaanib%#nsa

1) n?i~i-atfo-aii~zn?i uo-an"n~d i~ -~~uQut i lu~b~~~~ i rnn

2) 1di~aiui~eosnrrtiou~~~-1r;l~i1u3#m~~nrt~~a~i

nin 2 a'i&aaniafii~osnsaIauia l a a

1) in1 duum-aiial Juoun'u-8wn'finir1n*on~iin ( r a ~ f a - ~ e n ~ shuild4qf.J-

ni~i iunais)

2) v~ i~~ i ;u~ni~ i~ lcn"&aude,d i .~ - f~oc~u~io in iw(~~o 'un i~~~a i~m~)

3) ~a~ndiiu'uni~odierzoJ'mrza'c-uiuqvodi!&du~nu"

nin 3 a'i&aunlaeuauduiwic

1) i ? iQn t i 3 nf-a Thra 3 nu-vimn?luo juod?adoudru (uim EQ)

2) (I[un~uu~u~o~d~8m-~n'~q~rrrrn"1xl~zdo

nin 4 a'idiauniadnnaesnos

1) ~~ iC~dpnui~eh . t~sua~-n"06~~sa#9~ i i~ud~$1 '~

nin s a'i&aunia~~ii~os'ia

1) vdi3~jiolal&uiu~nm-naiuduinna#ldnifin"m v o 4 4

2) v~i~~niu~0~lmiosni~6~~w~naad8)0ddaufido0dda~

3) ucifi-alcyun-durulaf n-mi'11osdaa3Jdin a d d 31 marqls. cnurlnaGumrliie~ : ~iifirirhutini4losII3nia uiwia.nu nir

l m ~"r~mriiioc. nldinwl : diu'nw^uiini!m?nu, 2545 ~d inou~cf r r iu I

1) a f i ~ q i u 6 i u i ~ au'iuinSe8u ri 4

2) i u o i r o ~ ~ ~ u d n i u ~ t i i u ~ ~ w i a z u ~ ~twaifiwtf-ateldihu l a ' i l qqdaa

isim'aaem

3) vYairidi~qna'i@u n~~~1w'u~i )nd~1~dif i~1n'11~1

4) ~nC~i iwndiu odiuorhul~~+d~~il lo

9144 lo, u~nnm~flqqiuo~oiifilfii6aiio(~~iodnai~u -

si3a~m16a (d I6 iua~u i i i~du~no i l~u i (Founder) i l n i l n i ~ m f i 8 ~ U m = i ~

uiu imn~nn~s~~d~oiwi~n~ui~~ 'bm~G~~~~1uia~o11~1: lm~~ Macedonia) JuplJUoiruifinr

knrii2ii l iuribuipJr~~i~i5 Iqodut1~wln8ni.a gTnnniliu iln:$nnigu(hdrew

Hacker. Political Theory. New Ymk: MacMillan, 1961, p.23.) i A I

10.1 oiiar~mliniimiii9~oJnid~iv~1wahm tu amuirmr8nvilm$am q~lwnlm

I ~ B o i i 11snlcinmrii (Academy) c r - 4' r h v ~ 1 o n 1 ~ ~ a ~ ~ i n n u u a 1 n a r n 1 ~ ~ o ~ l a ~ ~ ~ u ~ i o ~ o 1 s ~ ' u n 1 ~ 8 t 7 ~ 1 1 9 ~ ~ 6 ~ : d u

n'oifIuiliiiln 7 (Wa~iui:~~ nio rvjuaqndn) niooia~duunkc 7 1XiinXiu 7 ciicin9rn d l A

JiTundqo~5ulu n'o odlunru~uufiy1~viuiw'uf r d oioaiI4lun~iunuiudi idurjcu8muaoiunro1nuan'uni~flnyilmrusclcl:

a~ (Acpdern J 1~n? iu~u1u i i48u f l0 is~ 'un11 i in~11~~0a~n1~11 i~a l~~~ ,~ i

10.2 lu3 343 fiou n.n. (343 B.c.) oiiaTsli5Yn !fiu~aul~din'cy13 i nu n'o

vp~mrquir~~n'wiai6nauiio11T~1Gei~IX~ifi aomnnulmoi (tinflutrooniiiuci8usz1ano111~

mai) ~ ~ d ~ U u o r : ~ u o ~ i n ~ m ~ i n ~ ~ i ; i r f i ~ i ~ n ~ O ~ f i u ~ o ~ I d o i i I iiiOuu (~yceum)

(The Concord Desk Encyclopedia, vol.1, New York: Concord Reference Book, C

1982, p.87.) , ,

10.3 u r ~ n m ~ ~ ~ i ~ o ~ o i 5 a r ~ ~ 1 f a ~ i ~ ~ a n " ~ n 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ * ~ n711113 do4 n'o

1) Ygsirruqtg 2) ~ I N I F J U Y I ~ I ~ O P 1 : 3) nirljnnr~aTm~n~vhiu

niia#o a I l a n. ~roqmmd~n'uijsirruycy

L 1~13unio81u'luliioqdiq 7 & 158 ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ O ~ I M ~ ~ ' I U N

rr.rrdiairityIuni~rnra.rnriuocii~da I ~ ~ r ~ n ~ ' ~ n ~ w d d i ~ u ~ 3 ~ ~ i r n : a i p d 1 1 ~ . f i p d i i ~ q . -

.&a- ounsznqnqepdlZu

,

ws:riirreian~11iwi~oiiii~uii~11ti~f3u~Zn~wniww"oidoii~uI~dsIa.~~ 326 fioun?nm

i7ns.i~ n"o niuirnniniw'wun:niuif~~fiii4u~infuii q uesZui5u4iIXiii~ni~waruwniu

r:nii~e1run~ruara"pd~1nn'umza"pdeen ~1rnz1Filjiioiij~rrugtyw3own'nnirdnn5o~uo~

lurimuiwrii&nluld1no1oia~4qt$~ifi~q11~n3r3uu t o ai?nlmi$n 2.4 (ouou oiuiuimd, h4lrir2, nu'i 21-22.). n ~ ~ ~ o d i f i ~ ~ ~ u o ~ o i ? a r l a i m a n ~ d u

nnliuduuor?lnind 18tif-i nl3laa(;(P011ti~s) 4iuntjuiidnd~uuI+~uuin 8 o Ernest

Barker, trans. The Politics of Aristotle. New York'and London: Oxford University Press, 1958. d w noinnnuimoi iSu Giuunntyqnmaiifi & ~ X ~ o ~ n d i i ~ r : ~ u a u " ~ ~ t3vjiwnRioinuinir

igninmiluda.~i?rn 2400 3doui oialiunllii n3iu8ujuhodqnnn$9noqrduii'u'u ~ a i c i r d

La~cltSm-GudniY~qj~ t o oioir&flui im~dii~o~'~~u"~rn:~~~u"i~u~i inaiudiu"nIu~~dn~a

uoseioi.ru"iiazmoumu Zo nmal

mr~uiunhvo~e~ia~m~daif lu~in~iuIua~ni.r~'~~inm rauAlul iu 4 ' g ~ i r n i

W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ U U ~ ~ P J P I ' ~ (comparative politics)

( 1 . James A. Bill and Robert E. Hardgrave, Jr. Comparative Politics. Columbus, Ohio:

Bell and Howell, 1973. 2. Laurence C. Mayer. Comparative Political Inquiry. Homewood, Ill.,

Dorsey Press, 1972.)

u. 191~nnd t uo.re~alnl&~ ilniarmi Ro nu'aunaiun'~ wio uluvinu'aiq

~na iu idunade~~ riu ~~m3iiiauiaum9nialda~n oi?arlmi&i iko i i unardatilw (good

clthen) rinz uflpd4" (good man) lflldbd196?1~ah

n. wn~iudi~uo~oi~n1mi$n1ud~z6fipd~ 3 I!OJ~I~~R~OJIA(~~~W~IU h Y o al nr~~a~~uoinrko~oi?n1m1Aa1w'un1~ep1~u~na~pda~1~~ no (dnnr otIfliSu& 1 ) iin3iuf

2) $q€Ul ' l~~ li6 3) fidlpdl~

~ w n ~ m $ . ~ ~ . r 1 d i i f d n n r o q 4 q 1 f l u 3 1 ~ 1 d 3 1 ~ ~ (philosopher-king) ?ID iflu&4n3~

na~ujirn:nr~d~ula rds13alnl~aiandi~oinoioiru" Ro Idnaiurhfitgfiu ur:uuv flo a l npmcud i r n ~ r - i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r i ~ u ~ ~ l l ~ i u ~ u m o u n r ~ ~ ~ a u n i r i i 7 u i i ~ ~ a u i n u . ~ ~ ~

(cf. Grover Starling. Understanding American Politics, Homewood, Ill.: Dorscy,

11.1 ig rnnmi~modlunu?m u&mucnami99 (social sciences) ! ~ ~ I Q ~ ~ Q I ~ O I I R I U u

mlu$f#~aln (Unesco-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization)^^^'

I n l u $ n i r ~ i I i u n d ~ u n i i Yathrn (ISCED) : ~ i u u u i m r g i u wiuia~ii (International

Standard Classification of Education)

11.2 ' 3 n u i n i ~ v s ~ l a n o i o u n i 9 ~ d u n i u 9 ~ ~ q miuiluaro~s.rn'niaa'ici~au

iatusrruinuimaqil1atniafln~111d9a~dazviviS (~nesc- l~aln) 16 3 n u a q 80

d d 9

1) 3nu i~ iami~ara~viS (Natural Sciences) 76llfi '?lllqt?nd l n U "IlaaVlUI

RIIIRIIPI~ 65~?WUl (geology) d j f i ? ~ ~ l (soil science) Wl)tl?4fflfl~i 111

2) bjflunimmi (social Sciences) I ~ U ~ H J Y ~ ~ I R P I I i l ~ n u j n u i igmnmi 4 4

om3nui uiyuu~nu11lnz~u'fflamiil9nu (social geography)

3) uyuumnni (Humanities) Ibiilfi '?ald?ll~l d ~ z ~ ~ ~ i n f l i mau

aisrm~fiiuiwiam; llazasswnft l a 1 4 ?n~~rnami~iiodlunuamdaa9 iio nu~mfinuniami

l ~ 4 ~ q 8 n r . r u ~ m l (behavioral approach)

(Heinz Eulau, ed. Behavioralism In Political Science. Lieber-Atherton, 1969.) J

12.3 flalmui110o~~iin1aw%i%r~1a'ii 8 & :c~u.rdir/uaamn6~~1~~191u!~~~u

I ) ~ P V I ~ O W ~ ~ ? ~ ' ! J (regularities) 2) ~ D I # V I ~ ~ Q ~ ~ Q U ' ! K (verification) 3) IRUIB~W(~Q~MUIZ~~S.J $4) IB#oI~AJ~?uIw (quantification) 5 ) dfim~ni5ii~~31(1~lfh (vslue h e ) 6) ~ I ~ H I % I I ~ ~ U

~ r u u & . n L u (systematization) 7) liiUum~ii;uuiiuuinuini5u~hmi (pure science) 8) W ~ A

ojfini~yrwarfiuiui?wuimr (integration)

(David Easton. "The Current Meaning of Behavioralism," in James C. Charlesworth ed.

Corntemporary Political Analysis. New York: Free Press, 1:967, pp. 16-17.)

I ) y'wilnoll(8a'ld So irirariain$oy n , do!Xln:~lnol$n#i4 7

XU-IV $0 independent variable) IU ~Ui$Oflk¶ &$dl$)Vl)(r.. (sj?ldll l~-~v A

dependent variable) IUB~I?UI~~WUI~~~YIP 8 l ~ i h 4 ¶ % $ ~ d ? ~

2) BdvYmraaaev'Id (verifiable) R ' ~ ~ t i i ~ d n ( i 1 ~ 8 ~ 1 u ~ o $ i ~ # u i d u i n ~ ~ ~ ~ o i f l ~

cruuZliu (hypothes~~) d w o ~ ~ ? ~ n o u ~ # ~ i ~ i l u ~ ~ n i u B ~ n i ? o i ~ ~ i mn'lddunluuddouiflu '. gwn,#w ii8clbbnio<~rndrduu~111rnou L+U cdaiiduan ~guinoir~rzn1nI~iwi~nini5

npn~uuu ciilXii@dn~nriiuuuin~u816 d a 4

3) ~m~~#c~lfl i i f l~wa~~zau$ ~ w n u " n d ~ ~ o ~ " n ~ ~ u i " r n n i ~ d ~ : ~ # ~ ~ i I) bqnnseos'l#

imr 2) rnrlaaiudpnbq

-.

n u i u i u n ~ a ~ a a i n i i i ~ ~ ~ n a i u q #iu iEi innA~Jiu io l (quantitative) n'o #~~ndn'milu

f i l a r (measurable,quantifiable) I# (~iwaw~?~~~~onR~unLdunniuiwa-l~dao~n gender

o l y gdfiiiui qnq) i~nirdiouldnul~dop n. d~zf lna~u~$uuinio u. qcumwQrSu Ao t

d<~t$ui'a~aul#uin 9 I

4) d~lfl6nl3ii~i~~(101((1qwd1 <nluulrodwq~nrl~ ~ ~ o ? d i f l w i i ~ u u ~ ~ # ~ g i w (non- I d dcr

normative) ulnnal~dwl5un~l wna3H?o?dnaav (ought) f l o j l "~q?nrrlJ" n ' ~ n11lltffl9QQn

IIIU~QUQ?P (factual, as it happens) ~ d u n. 61~1u@dl#i?w318oni? u. r:uzlamnlrfiird

diimu'tuo~uiuniguum"S~i~ q n. ~ ~ ~ ~ w q ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ u l r i ~ ~ ~ ~ d u a n ' p l n i ~ m " ~ ~ ~ ~ i ( d a m

making) jio:lr$ ozlrldi3 nionar Wn?r~fludo~flitiwi diirq~niouluulu

5 ) m ~ ~ i i f l w ~ z ~ ~ & i z i h (systematization) ko lWu~z~uwqi inr ru~ lnmi

~touuawqA^nrr~u'uu1w"unira~~nl~z~i~~zna'i~mq~1~n'ninaiuifl~0S~lu13~wq6tl'iru

6) iiiuunirl~uwfiiuuimuiiia~~~ni imqdrzn~d ko , +fim~i~+ia

naiuhan~iimd.mai~ (knowledge for knowledge's sake) 88 % I d ~ ~ n i ~ f i i l n l d ~ ~ n t i o

d"luilqlninirlrlod larv~iio nio#~ns t

7) nqaadiini3q3olini3 (integration) Kuuiwiinnni3 luuuawqftnrru

mnmioi~d q ~~ualu~i~ihun'uuin~wn~unionuam3~im'i .~ q ldldduc~~dmulunrr?~ d l :

1

l u a r i u n'o nuanihnumnmrlwiuu ~ldtjl#~n'tnua~uyuuflimmi iinznuafliwu~mnni

8au

12.4 n {n 4 3 cuaiww nfonik in%qi&w (objectivity) Inaiudi6ql

bc ?kid nirilnlnd'iingni~&di~ 7 ~ n e w n r n u ~ ~ ~ i ~ u d n i o n a i u ~ ~ n d o i o o ~ f l i 9 ~ w ~ u o ~

nis8nviijwudanoinnniwd1fluoi!~ ,

1) PYa~dic~l$8~6d~1?u n'o b64&3@'od3u'u9 (6bjective tats) $dnrnunaiuii nir

Qn8wnionirlflnz~~u~u~nu"o~iimndi~n'u~~&8wojn"u~iau nionaiuf8nPY1~mraoao~

rdtuodriu ~aniw%~qw do n ihaouls~ I ~ W a w '

2) nirnou~luuiju~naiu (eglay) L I U Y ~ ~ ~ ~ Q H U ~ U I ~ J ~ ~ ~ ' ~ I ~ ~ ~ C ~ I ~ ilmnuwnnvaz

~rndtnaiur~uhm~h (subjkctivlty) 0d 60 i i ~ a ~ ~ d ~ 1 1 ~ d ~ ~ ~ u n i a 1 # ~ 1 ~ 1 i w w ~ ~ i f l w ~ m n ~ ~ u

n'o ~ i~a~dQmzn?oQni 4dn~1un'dmulod (self) fio ~h~iutfii;odiiunid"a~~n"u'hnuqnna

ifl~iflol4

3) ~ d o ~ # ? ~ r n r n u u d ~ ~ u n q w ~ ~ ~ a " ~ ~ ~ " a # u ~ u ? v ~ i ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ nv1un21ui1 $3n141

a: loaai~loi l lunan ii~~~or'lJi~uhooi~6'lJvouIud~1n~n1rnadd~~m~u idu ' l i v o u n i 3 4m YgJ3:rnl (coup d9 etat , Q 1430 QLRVII) n j a n i 3 J q a m n 5 ~ ~ u a w n i ~ u a n n u (mass

li movement) 113 7 i d f l n l n l u l d y u (perspetttive) JB (dimension) F!IJ 7 ~ ~ 0 I f i l i i ~ l f i ? 1 ~ f n 2 1 ~

i4i1lo

13.1 m31$adlflud0ar:~ugllfi1a~g:3f 6u0dnaa'~ (polis)

a i i a l a i i n o'oi1n1ridoai3uifosr~fi~ * k n u m n d a ~ ~ (political society, POI~Q)

n"o rz6ud~ua~s~rac:: (public) fl0 r:&uquvulnDj 3z/iU~n3Yg (polis) ~

a i i a ~ n l d n n d 1 2 i ~ "Man is by nsturea political anlmalw n u ~ u n a i u i i 3?nuyu$ =.d 9

d a u l d n u y 3 d m n o ~ i n w i : l u i i a ~ 2 s r i ~ u q iio 1unicy1awuo.r ( rg i iunrouni2) n7olu I

r:riutdou81u (wiri lu) n~auGnrriawniu q n r j h Q s ~ i i i n u u ~ n ~ n

(Aristotle. Politics. Trans. By Ernest Barker. Oxford University Press, 1946 tin: Julius

Gould and William L. Kolb, eds. A Dictionary of the Social Sceinces. Free Press of Glencoe,

1965, p.516.)

n. oIinlmi<nl#8wd Zoon poiitikon ~ u ~ ~ u i r u d ~ u d i ~ a ~ n ~ b ~ n ~ n t ~ u (political

u i a ln polis) iin"o n 1 ~ o z i f l u u ~ u 4 ~ a u ~ r d 1 6 ~ ~ o i d o o ~ l u ~ u n u a ~ d i u 1 ~ wla~nrYg

(Mankind is an animal whose highest form of social organization is the city-state.)

(lain Mclean and Alistair Mcmillan, eds. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics.

Oxford University Press,2003, p.4 13)

u. nia8whR'u bbp~~i t ikonw (doni i inou) o ~ a u d n i i bbrocialv k **t'7anuvv, mrii

I a LIP ds a n1~ua2aodluunrYpdo~wu1un"s mrdaamn bbnainnaium (diveye) U A R W ~ ~ U "

(hieraschical) im: ~ d u 8 n v (sophisticated) 1~6uij~~(ilnrj'Mlaa'a~Baau 80 ~ P V D ~ ~ I ~ D J I ~

~tazaAgrrru ( u i u f i r w rdu doigua, n ~ ~ u n u i u l v , t5ur.') dd v l p l d 4 ~wnn lwu~ Inmuo~n~ ia lanP i i t r~~ i i a * b j n ~ ~ ( ~ o c l e t ~ ) n'un21uliluSdnu

Politihos (ygqp,l) lrnz 3) Polites (d3z11'1~)

4 0 d n i u ~ ~ ~ n ~ u u m n ~ u i ~ ~ ~ o i n n i ~ i n " s n ?hi6 I) ~ o i i t i e s (rnniioc) unt. 2) Politician

(Cnnirii~=a)

13.2 ~aiuiilwniamhldun (master science) n?arini l l ) /~wimi ~IUBIUIUDP

oifnlmiifn #aumqdiiy 2 drznir

1) drznird 1 ilmnniiddotuot ~~ptuniwl5m- 74% ~~amw~?mlmdcpatsrau~* 4 LI ludilcqliuoSlmrasnrom"adri~~ n'o ronrzfla rwnlm imzoiitilmrin mniia.r n2iu

4 w D n l o ~ naiulqirr nnui8uirnarru nraauui (virtue) iin~iu+u%u~odi~ln#3fiounrz#~ii a

naiurSu~onniw niazrid~niri8u<~wu.r<0d~~e!an"0d

2) drzni r i 2 naiulilu?dWiifi6lfi i i u lui$oc u a r t o I ) J iu (nrouniq) LC 4

2) t (maul) rm:: 3) Tr~liuu (mrinui) imzrraqou q rdu nirmrvlAo (oirw%m niruflnn k nimrraiuuaqarrwufnir~ rrn:ihcihiia.#ou idu niroynJimlXllraorn8~d~zrn~l~rw"o

ldlw'rio~miaurduuan~az (pollution) do4trianXauniooniw~iaaod" (ecology) Xau l # i u v v A

~n8^wnoinnia aie.rn'si?u rsrrmdisn'weenldlurz;uiii9 1) ~ la iu~nn f i e~ (degree) Ha:: 2)

ri#aiiOida.r~a~i 6qdfliaflri~ir6 Sheldon WoIin o6Puiul%i ia~ianiid~mrid"auu~idn~~~o ## rjUwaunnui8u bbrnclu"o.r~ doudrin~uuuin

1 3 3 aaiul~wmim4anihdau$1ada"nwd luliuzr8uQiioidui (founder,

founding father) ~ o t i a i i ~ m n n f aiia'inl Ab n l i i ~ n ' ~ i ~ m t i n i i i i h bbnianianidmd

syl3d&udv (Architectonic Science) fl?IUMulU

I ) nirriiiu'uniri6u~tiufi~nut[ulculw~~3or::~uniri~otdoun#iuriunira~~

udau nioiquurluu (design) doafid1ulie.r tnu t416~~ I) Jsz'iurw%#aenr kin: 2) naiu

nauniurnuizau

2) lun1sim"suunissr6uuwnia (irun%nr) 5 z i h ~ "$iu~$e.r" dou#oqoiflu pr d w amd~n(architect) ~F;iums~ndumodi.rl1wriz~o'o~iunu1noui8u~1u1~~ni1n1ra~1~

~iunaiuiunniunuduiii a d d

/

3) uouiiuudqnis whru'iuud.rdo.r~ l d d ~ ~ f i o $ ~ w i z . i ~ i w rrd6'o.rniu.ro.r

ilabwniu q odiq idu 1) nmwriafiX?iqu iins 2) loninluniriwuil#iofq~iaww'i~uld

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pr A 1 w a w a

4) luoirusrruGwiuuiso~ dimmm~n~m~au ~lnzmslnndiuuotnrz~~ard~~.ri B Prunriuiminmiim'q~aqfu r.m~ui3un~~~iomui~~uumi3u (mandarin) ljunii Feng Shui

5 ) n i n W " ~ ~ s ~ i u ~ s f i i ~ n r w a a ~ (capital cities) dsrulol 220 dszl~lffia~nn~nun

do.rldu'uniunrJiia (Paris) uo.rcl~.rmmlnzumunrlau (ROW RfiCu6uunmaa~qaaaw

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~ 4 4 ~ 3 5 (reenforced) & ~ ~ l Y l ~ ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ? R a f l 5 5 ~ ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ q ~ l f i ~ i ~ f l f i l ~ d ~on0in8nis & # a w doisminai~nausiu nionnlnCudrzn'ufa liiu.rn.ruunuinir n'o nmrmikolahonir

inunrnuiiu q hun1rldi.r ol nauniais,molr (du Golden Gate park ~ i ~ . r u n i ~ n ~ ' ~ i u I (

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14. ui~nin~UYU~~rit Yg~inni szuim 220 dszm~dalnn

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knowledge) ~.r~nsausa~m~zdi~~~~od19l~uszPJu

1) Au~~ainHn.r~uuo.roi?nlnidn $ $ . r l ~ ~ ~ n i s u n d o . r j i j n ~ i l ~ q i ~ i n z n a i u

soufq~lnn~dodrzurnainuinirrfduniiui~ ai r iy nru (encyclopaedi~ou-!r-h-

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dl314 aiair6 i i itazauoqfi jnaiu$

dl 4 4 ds d (sttidm nroiuoq Stavra) ~~ iu i r~ i i au~amiuo iui&iiinod

(W.D.Ross. Arlstotle. New York: Meridian, 1960, pp. 1-2)

3) i d o ~ i ~ 18 1 1 f l d ~ l j n ~ i ~ u ~ t l 6 f i u i w n 1 w ~ u n 1 ~ ~ i o i ~ ~ d i i ~ : o ~ f i u d i ~ n u ~ ~

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nnu8u~uiuuoamnkn'uai?arIw~dn~5uii~u ~cio1ahLai r i in . r iiuAu8nGqqliin::

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ii!nolrl~r~lead d e &

4) i n ~ i n i 5 n m ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 n n w ~ a " M w n 1 u ~ n ~ ~ ~ u 6 n a i r o ~ $ w m a s " ~ i a ~ b u % r " nanin rl ~ ~ u i a v c i : a ~ a ! e i ~ u % r " a r u ~ u i ~ b ~ n 1 a ! ~ 6 ~ i i a ~ ~ ~ ~ i n i ~ i 1 u u ~ d i 1 uin tdu I ) ynam (Euclid,

300 B.c.) 1in:iifin5:vk1 2) ~ n i d l i i n i u u i ~ ~ T ~ ( u & 8ad (Aesop) d ~ ~ u i m 600 YlTia~

n?niffinsicll(600 B,c.) # o d r ~ ~ m 26600 auiiita

14.2 qnfh!f8~ : i g c l l l ~ l ~ u q n $ n a a a a ~ f a ~ u ~ ! ~ ~ q ~ a d ~ u n $ ~ i ~ 4 aJ

1) m u n k y n u n r i 2 u ~ t o i n ~ 4 i ~ Q n o ' n ~ a r r ~ l s f l u ~ ~ w i u ~ i X a ~ q ~ n a i ~ Htouaup

n i~u (Middle ~ g e s J ~ i i u i a ~ i u i a ~ i~B~nu"~a%gl~aaw dfo 1000 Y (mlllenniun) i i o r n j l r

n.n.500-isoo)

(Concord Desk Encyclopedia, op.cit., p. 1049.)

S d l \

2) ynlalr~fi~u6nnia0~dunai~~au ( R O ~ E ) w ~ u ~ ~ ~ m u ~ ~ u i 6 ~ n i ~ i ~ u B n i ~ ~ u ~

~ u i ? ~ soo%hu nn. (500 B.c.) huB3n5wnlu0iwuf ialIn# q =i?u& nia giiu dimn~w 6 an:tihId luda.adsru~olzooo i l d c i l u ~ l & s l u l ~ ~ i m ~ ~ ~ i a ~ d q d ~ u l #a d i d i t m nn:

Sdnqull d nuIr~ui~du^~utdur~iduu3i iu (discipline) ~ n ? i ~ ~ b u ~ u i i ~ 4 l i ~ % n 5 ~ i ~ l l A

1 4 9 , n r : ~ r n u r ~ u a u i i m n i i ~ ~ i n n ~ i ~ i ~ ~ d

3) ' d i ? l r ~ u i ~ d i d 0 i n ~ i ~ ~ 8 r ~ ~ d 1 ~ ~ f f u ~ ~ i f ~ ~ d ~ i ~ d u d ~ ~ q i w ? ~ ~ ~ u n . ^ d ~ ~ ( i ~

Gn nu1~ik1nu1oi)rd14n'~f ~ ~ w ~ a i f l u d 1 ~ f u v w ~ u d ~ ~ ~ w

k t u k l h a i u n ~ l a n a i u h $ r ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ n l r : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ a " m ibu ouu tniuqiju nn&

38 PS 103

LP 4 ozoit~u(~.!i (d&otnaiutu"oriu6n3ui4ofdi~ 7 odmnoniamdouri~lril# o tum~n f iq

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aaur aungnuiu~~~oriid~~ua~ngwuiu (cadi$ v o ~ La v s c r Tnrwr~R"Tai7uvo atrmIupIod (Justlnlan, fl.fl.527-56s) 6u~dunngiuro~nqnuip111$1~

i~rr~uyndtyrs~imuqnd~z~n~

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n. naiu~ur iubr~~i iaynna (

uoqfjnjo

u. naiu8uw'uBsz~-ii.~nu'auuwim

v 8 a 4' mu~wioainvo~inma?moi (theology) &$u ~ t u ~ u o u I I n d t y w i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i i ~ ~ i i i n u ~ n l ~ i t X l ~

11ionir11im~oon~lCi~m"tl3u7~~~fw1~n1nui iio Gnuar (clergy)

14.3 ~ g ~ i ~ m n a w ~ u d a ~ r ~ ~ z i a n i d o ~ i n ~ ~ 1 n ~ i ~ v 0 ~ q ~ r d flunil yn ' B rP ao~"u~wi (Modern) r q w s i d i l o i i i i linuiutqiaciamifu 7 iiciqn21utau uiauaGw

B &I X La (contemporary) atwuiufi~ 1 Jaaauiaornu (1 generation J 5 r l n o l 2 ~ - 3 0 3 80 oiqiumiun

~inn~ou~~fai~ui~aiznianura)

t,/n*a~D"ndw (Modern Ages) 1 U d ~ L ~ ~ f f l ~ ~ ~ i ~ U u ' ~ ~ 9 i L d n 1 3 ~ ~ ~ f l V ~ Q ~ ~ n $ I 1 9 1 ~

wma33vd 3s *6na%l~ Jv9 nrounqu uynilopuicu (present) II?~ *ydarrariaw #au A s > B B

1) 1nuJnA' nial#*qnlwJ- 1198 fiuGulwJ~ HUIUOIP a j n ~ n m ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n O i i . ~ o i n B a v knutiuu~cii luynn~i~~~~~ndy~nd 1 1nuijmrm8ou III ?u~ouun:iflu~n.aqua~nua"n3ui

(feudal society) ~ ~ ~ i a m i ~ n ~ w l n d i f u o ~ n ~ o ~ ~ u u ~ ~ o ~ u ' n ~ n i ~ n ~ ~ n n ~ r i u * ~ ~ r i a i i m i ~ ~ u u l u d d 4

Hf l333~i / 16 48 GnlfIb rnI8uL?a6(~achiavel'll, 1469-3527) I I ~ ~ d o v ~ ~ a u i i ~ w n n w ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

The Prince ("l#ln M?8 *&3€FMU") ~U~'fI!qlt5nlUq 16.1513 500 8N161#3 !?h(inlll

Inu?wm.rYmiami

2) lunljun!dur~l~ n~rtP1~~~~3~11ru(IJdSaun"w lunlj~~.!uiio ynmnklcnro~ s

inlmlifn n i ~ P a ~ K u ~ ~ u s r ~ u ~ d ~ i ~ a ~ ~ a ~ ~ n ~ X a u u o ~ ~ n ~ u q n ~ ~ d & ~ f t u a n ' u l u y nlrun~r d( m nr:Jiivron~nrrunirmrldo~ ibu nir~diiu~i~~nu'amrnirdo~lotiniauqrriim.r

riuarru n'o naiu~naiu$a~i~w~nu~~u '11r5u

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v u n ~ ~ u i u w ffu1biuiijunuindi6qfimiu ~~rul(uri~mnlri~on~wrruin1uynJu 1wynnai.r

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di inouvi~wiawin~~d~~uw~n d A

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nlailnarruvionis&nui16uiwniul~ nriianlo dmntan~iurrrueons~nntatu"o~~~nto~~

i9rrnil~~ddilXhn'~nirtiis.r~ iinaiunaiudu~1dluM"ani~~~ iluaiimuotuitiiunad i io

i l l u sb~tnisdoc** douiimrl~a$du urnkine Ilualiwh~uuiudou7Qunni~Idud~ua~lu

niu~dhmndo l h 8 i - 1 urtiqwaws~~H d96tat ean6aur w r o t i "miW l u n i u ~ - dhmn) ~nq~tnuo~i~~ioludiodawYatl i io ~118a~idwTau~uw uoa@ijbiuis douIJW~fiiG~Bt

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$1 wtYnYg'lmamiw riu wanwmaianiw ~~mnd~~riuoan'!d l~uriniion'uii~~mnmiinaiu

8Rntjulfiuinnlnnii

i ~ ~ a i i ~ d n h u n & r i u u o ~ u 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ a n d n ' ~ T n ~ 0 ~ i 1 1 d ~ s ' u ~ ~ ~ l ~ 1 ~ ~ n r uitiiunodnould

{dnnro~iinaiuniu15naa.~fiiu q w d q l io 1) wnr6iii-a llnr 2) w41r16u1q1iuu iii.rlmw

(Ilan) rm:iinaium?luaani~tip~u uqw"vf 90t~i)h (fix)

(Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince, ch. 18. Qd io iu~um~alu ' !~u William Safire.

Safire's Politicat Dictionary. New York: Random House, 1978, p.379.) \

nirtJiuutii~luKuLi MUIUBP ni~lX~dnnr0~8anl1iuutfiualiuniasg?oddi Rams B ' d IwstiuIXlmfi n i r 1 b 1 r ~ 8 a n m u X o ~ n ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ d ~ i 1 u " ~ ~ ~ # o w ^ ~ ~ r n r 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ r ~ ~ ] ~n~q1d4io-a

e r A ~iuao~lro~naiu~n6a~vi~~na~'ru1unir$atfnwi~.5'$~~iuio'1da'iar1fl;~&au~d~na1fi 7 A ' c r ' IRU q ~ $ ~ u i u h u # q ~ #o ~ ~ I ~ W O I ( I R U ~ ~ ~ ( Y U ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ " B ~

d y 8 8 14.4 l u d r z m ~ 5 u i i i ~ I ~ a t ~ ~ xfiirviz, Bharat) ijlioigninmrgnua.ao iniinui

(Kautilya) ~ ~ i n ? u n i r d r s w ~ ~ d d ~ ~ i 6 ~ 1 u d ~ ~ a 1 u ? tn i r i u 'o t l f l un~ds io srmmani

(Arthashastra) .. . Y ," . ; ' < h a

w

i s ~ u ~ u i i n r ~ i u o ~ ~ u $ i e ~ ~ r r ~ B ~ t d u ~ ' n r w ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ i i r n v ~ . ~ " ~ u @kunh9iiiim~ Y Y

~ r io~~u i inz~r~ i iuh iun1~u3~ i~d l#n~1~1~~ i i r~~m~1d~ i~~~~o1a"nu1u1~ru lm q Qiiu -

w " 9 u ~ l o l l ~ f l l ~ i ~ 0 ~ i iaz 2) n l ' i i ~ 0 ~ i f i ~ Y i ~ t J ~ I?~W Gabriel A. Almond and G.B. Powell, Jr.

Comparative Politics. Bombay: Vakils, Feffer and Simon, 1966.

i s . niinqddifin"o idodra~ol so Bu1iiX-a muwknir~uqmuo.runi ,Y

nqnr iu~nnniqd 2 6wPoiaciiinu (colpnialiom) ~#wuoumn~uiYa (decolonizstion) kin: Z d drzmnln6 7 in"nuuainnirdl#fu~nrni~ l ~ u i i u n h i o ~ o o n a i n n i ~ i u ~ & n i r n s o u

nro~lu~iuui9uiQe~du (subject) U O P ~ I ~ ~ U Kaedid 1#iifi 1) ~ i i n i ~ u l # i ~ ~ n s m w o i n

mziumn iidifdrznuiltgmi$mi rinigmnmid?~n&uwin~nsiu~nnwf~d 2 $uqmlnu' 7

(2488) 80 dszuim 203b?rnt% ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ n ? i u d i ~ ~ n " ~ ) n i r ~ n p 1 1 i ~ o ~ n i ~ w " 0 ~ u 1 w i d n i r i ~ e $416

~iiimuouiumiii8uni5w'~u1~naiui8udr:ai~d'lmuin'ih i~umr8npI imrw'wuim~

mr ~edlmrr$a!d

15.4 nirilnpIiiduji<u w o ~ : n s : ~ / i ~ ~ w ~ i t ~ o % j a i ~ u ~ i ~ u p ~ ~ r z i w ~ d i d ~ i ~ ~ 4 lnri nfoidq uPJYIUUUI" ("new nsflons", Uemerging nations") l%.Jdl~?~Ulf l

(Gabriel A. Almond and James S. Coleman, ed. The Politics of the Developing Areas.

Princeton University Press, 1966.)

15.5 ~ n ~ s i l n ~ i Q u n ~ n ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ e ~ m u ~ ~ ~ ~ z i w f i d ~ n i r ~ ~ l l ~ i w i ~ n i r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

idu nnijornini idoimn~tildiiuuiiw'9nisw'wuii7idu~tii9~~ n i r~n ln$~n l jnW~un i r 0 ~mri:niruuifluuiBuu ho t i i i l#iiri Goduuuo.rQB~nu3wuiniaiQ~)q do iri%ji uilAu

d a d 5nlidn itw'suniiwuiXuriniidoiiiiu unsluosnnu lunu'si?o$o wi~ndmiii ian 6swuiubq

a~~aniirnldoiunoiduid5z~va 11.~3 n.n. 1776 (n.n.2319) riounltlulnihtnidr::uitu

6 3 (W .8.2325)

(Seymour M. Lipset. The First New Nation. New York: Basic Books, 1963.)

15.6 Jeff Haynes. Politics in the Developing World: A Concise Introduction.

rn3lu'o4~u~anfila'9w'o)(ul : u n ~ l ~ ~ u l i a . Blackwell, 2002. ijljabQdl9 q ~ j d 1) Politics, Economics, and Societies in the Developing World at the New

I

~ i l l e jniom I

2) Globalization and International Relations

3) Economic Growth and Development ~ ~ ? I U I Q ? ~ J L % J ~ I U O P ~ F ~ ~ pI~n"Qn'flfllf w ' f f l ~ l

4) Democratization and Democracy nl3l#i$fi71~1fhd d311 i & h l l t i z

dszvi"smu d

5) Religious and Ethnic Confllct ~ 1 3 ~ ~ 1 ~ 4 ~ 1 4 8 1 1 g 1 ~ 1 6 1 ~ ~ 6 % ~ ' 1 1 1 ~

\ 6) Human Rights & ' ~ ~ x I ~ Y u ' ~ I u

7) Women and Gender flPl%li3ztlfll~l~fl ~ $ ~ # D ~ O U gdc

8) Politics of the Natural Envtronment n156U*~4rl~9flnla~l1aw~8u & =la4

9) Conclusion uwnll~ rduna(ioci.rd

Domestic Factors: ~o~Onlu%~n(%~4vfl : nl5~ffawiauwl4nl5r809, nj5zrla9nu llnznls

~uuiwi~rnspIpn"o

a) International Factors %'~~J~~~~JI.JII .JI ' I I I~ . \

b) Conclusion: The Future ' ~ # ~ U ' H U Y M

(scientific reasoning) ~d i . ld~~n '~1~nua( l?~ i~nu la iam4~a3~v i~

aaiid3u9a iunau (Francis Bacon, 1561-1626) d51'11$6dn~~lld.ano\3f 5 w i 16 d

uo:: 17 ~ I Z U I N 400 du111Xa ~umuindin'rylunir k5::uui~d'auilnirnir m 3?If.Iifliad (scientitic method) ~ n ~ d 1 ~ 1 ~ ! ' ~ ~ 1 n n ~ n ~ 6 d j i ufia13Jf~~~azfiibjn

(knowledge is power)

Novum Organum 1~~11q<1w~n?nu1ninfl5"ij 4 nv?&&~h lbilid 1) i l rk in~12) mr

ifai=~uul~iu 3) n1rnfiaouun:iin~ir43'&~$i'~iu 4)'n1rdiud~.r11Kluga11~1~1 i l i o * l h

nqva n'o dam& n3oTajla (mbdel) d & ~ h j od l un~u t~ i u

~~cnan~1~uiawir luoJwi"awu~~~ 6i~pc.s av i j ~ t u i n i Qqnriud@uu (5rIan i

5znu 7diiuuiqm~11 r-riull iqq1~liou~q~3qqi1on ddulnqjluyn 60 iunnigeiuiniii sr d noil?uniriinwin'ou 3000 i6d.r d~niuilaprju~mhu 4000 66d9) Gniuutra~nir%naisd

(analysis) iinlruunuu: lianiiaq i~lionuu?iliu inq u~nniinialiuu~~rnuua~uioJ~~G Y Y

naiuduui (histor~cai) niq31nai~d nu~u8.a nir1wnalt~18f~1oz9r1d~~11r flau'lhalu

n u l a i a w i z i t o . r d r i ~ ~ q i ~ n ~ r i i n r i z d n'o f in1inu1alf i~na1ut9uu11uaim n io

dr:5iia1nduinw'n

h O d 1 9 5:gIJ Classic n'8h66uu Robert A. Dahl. Modern Poiitical Anslyals.

New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1963. h d~iu flfi~ (up-to-date) 2 A'

16.4 ma~~fi~izd~i.wYpaig~m~a'a~~oJ"uu'n~wYuazfiupninuuu n'o oin Robert E.

Goodin ahd Hans-Dietes Klinyem ann, eds. A New Handbbdle bf Politicai Sclence, Oxford

University Press, 2000. ~ l f l f l j l l ~~~6~¶J ) . l f l lR

mrims~zdluasKupnnm (micro) 8o ~n~iwq."nrrn.~~&u~inn?oat&p~~nfln 6bu

iinlno"qy ~1~s)g . r lovo~pdnnni i~11ut~nwl wio1inulai~arm~maiu"oq nulaniolri

nuIaflisrbi~flunuiJnw'irnn~a~u"~~ niomqiidauiau (po~itical participation) ilvudu 7

6du nmGa1n ~ul~~uniaama9~;wi1au9I~nnk9 (campaign)

ni5ilnrisdlurrKuunmn wu~un'c sznluotn'ms rrlnnrr nrrnmrlu'oc 9'3

d r z ~ i ~ i 5 iflu#u st'

16.5 ~ u n l ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ l ~ l ~ ~ j i n l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w " ~ i c r b 6IJ ~ a c m (~JU

Microeconomics 6~5Y~ffltYfl~lnmn The branch of economics that studies

individual units 8fl~lWd3~5:6~1~01~fl : e.g. households, firms and industries. It studies 8 n ~ 1

the interrelationships R ? ~ u x u G u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ? $ D ~ between these units JLH~IPM~?U~IP 7 in

determining l u n i 5 n " i w u n the pattern of production 2diL~~LiM'~fl l3~%I and distribution of

goods and services. i i ~ : ~ l 3 ~ % ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 0 9 ~ ~ & C l 6 ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ? ~ l 3 ~ 1 9 7

Macroeconomica h73MgWX'ffl$¶JwtTln The branch of economies that studies 8 n ~ 1

economic aggregates (grand totals) t l 5~01W191f l~Mg~Q : e.g, the overall level of prices %<PJ

VBWlt7; output and employment ~ ~ ~ l l n ~ f l 1 5 ~ 1 4 9 1 ~ in the economy. %P~J:UUL~~JM~?~Q /P J-

(John Sloman. &c'onomlcs. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf Prentice Hall, 199 1, p.4) ,

SPA u 1.1. n i ~ a ~ ! c ~ ~ e ~ r n ~ d ~ ~ m 0 1 ~ a n i ~ & i 1 ~ ~ n i ~ : uluviu~iarni

m~iiuu~igmn~iyniaunlu'~iu"umrinn~n'wiowlinid"lu~u~ idilnulolu d Y* a & rnrdrzqn.' (apply) ~gnin~rlwuq(u~iui~nl~~~m1mu~wwizluniaai~~dTu~~iu

A &I?U 9.r!bi?imrnuilnaifu n"o PdTuuiu~iami (policy Sciences) (1198nMl

1

n~zuaumrbSul~im:ni~nlaz~Q~d~~aiu~m'i~ q d v LC uluuiurnn~i~uinuinir~tli~ari9~imiuui~o~nirai~~~azd~~~miu'~dbu~1iuisii6~

o~~~umrl~aiuf~'~aiuui?1i3'11i lm~iww1~~in3m'i~ui Xmuinui mrvjmnni u i m s q r n " o

ua:ao'A" 1w'se~r~~nim~wTuuier~~a:tmmuiidnirrliu7uuiu~nird~u'n' (po l icy

implementation) ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 0 ~ i ~ f . J ~ ~ ~

(q lWd~ lA "¶J~~ 1) David Sills, ed. Internat ional Encyclopedia o f the Social Sciences,

vol.11, New York: Macrnillan, 1972. qf i~d pol icy sciences. 2) Y. Dr or. Design for Policy

Sciences. New York : American Elsevier, 1971 L L i X 3) T,D. Dye. Understanding Publ ic Policy.

18.1 luda~f!dera~u$~ Gunii G g J ~ ~ . n i n u ~ i n m i - (Pulbic Administration)

uiwkij$l'l4hn' ~m~u3mrigiian anulumrii~umrnou$nfildz?~aiarw$ uwi'inuidu

nut i i ia i Qi%u (iirlan lisznu) Qi i . tn i inqmri?.ai id w.n.2514 idomnia~i~mnniodlu

nolzii~niarfli uni~nui6usiudirin~~~#a"aii ~cnidnnriilnlauQ** (Plan C) 5 th ed. Prentice

Hall, 1984. a d 1

18.2 l uda~ ian id r t~ im 100 ~n~1uulfinal0~~lawod"1~1un1%~~1n1~b)1n6~n'119d

T m u i a w i z l i u q 3 n ' o d i ~ 7 inn %!&ii~?ailnumsc l'lunii bcniru?~irpr'la99 (Business

Administration)

V A d dolniia~dmiu~nisunii ~ i tnn l~krnr . management science) 8qiiXaumr1i~~niwm

inaiwiamilurnr~min8ul~i~o~sia I ) Fiiuprn'r 2) 4iiupmainn.rsu 3) Xiuiguia im:: 4) Xiu

f l l S W H 1 S

(Robert E. Markland. Topics in Management Science, 2" ed., Wiley and Sons, 1983,

I 8.4 "aini~~mnia "1?3nisirasmnw"nui~in 1) "auiwlaminiuniw ria: 2)

(1. David R. Anderson, et al. An Introduction to Management Science. St. Paul:

West Publishing Co., 1982. 2. Robert A. Dunn and K.D. Ramsing. Management Science. New

York: Macmillan, 198 1 .)

19.1 nia~4au~uuu"auiwiamiasaplvi~ : uwiuoliiou wiamillB~~ naiunul~ -4'

m~Yq~nsrumnminiol~uawq~naau (behavioral approach) ~ u m ~ f g f l l ~ m ~ ! ~ l n u u ~ ~ l ~

i i i u ~ ~ ~ n n a n ~ j n i r A ~ n v o ~ u ~ ~ n ~ p ~ s i u ~ a n p ~ r ' ~ d 2 (2488) *

19.1.1 j;nisfu~ai?Pauulluu~wap~~wiaoli $.rijni.r~+~amunio~o~ai~~fiplia

ifludiu?uuinun:wuiu~uo:"Ips"! q m a w iiuui~uaiiumq'inui~inmi~3suvi~ $ t l X i o i i

18u u~lmolild~"(hard science) i~s1~~i~~nii~a:~1nisdiBodonisw"~~od"u"oaruuRgiud1 1

19.1.2 ? Y I U I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P R U i io ~9wiami i~qnuiiui qaqIX4oiilSu "aryu

~iaoli-9 ~~inmi~.u, . nfo viinmiiou- (soft science) B~~nlriaounan-miiuani nionisdio~ en8 d o r ~ . r r ~ u a ~ u I I ~ s n ~ ~ n ~ m f f ~ n m ~ ~ i n : : n n m ~ ~ u m a i a v u ~ n ~ u ~ ~ d ~ i ~ ~ T G I Y ~ ~ G P ~ I V N ~

(numbers crunching)

(Michael G: Roskin, et al. Political Science, 3* ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1988,

p.13.)

19.2 n l ~ w ~ l ~ l u ~ ~ ~ f l m ~ ~ ~ n 1 9 ~Tl~lfll~mil359JIfifi (scientific formula) n?o J' rnnmC4awoCia~nriiai~uB~sICiii nio q o r3muuffo Isl~~iuu 2 d?u oon5iuu 1 riau

~rmkibitiouftni~u& i i i l u r n ~ f g ~ i n m i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ n ~ i a ~ ~ ~ i niniinuauiRufoun: 60 uoq

PS 103 45

m ~ ~ n i n m ~ f i u o d i r u ~ i n l n lbu The World Guide 200112062, oxford : i e w internationalist

Publications, 2001. 44~81 17 a r q U ~ ~ o b a ~ Issuesn (dr:i;u~:filhn) a a ~ A n i w i i m n i j d

chnkfimmr.nikhd (A toiecast f0it.h; new cmmry) d 3 z d ~ d n f i i a f i i d d 1 f ~ i j i j i~ ,

I ) nir15unfo~tm)'~a~.li~~w~aaww'u~~a~ (indigenous cuImres)

2) d m ~ i n i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u l w daw ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 d c i ~ ~ ~ p l ~ 4 1 ~ f l

3 d~rmnrbicl&~#i~qflnin6iu~~u"ouo~l~n ( t ia#~~ylndl l~~n~Ygo~u?ni )

4) ~iA'uimrlho~lnnnerdoua~~fou 7 ~ 9 u a ~ o a m & ~ n i ~ u i w 1 1 ~ 1 n u (Circle of A I 4 ' m

rcarclty) l l t T S ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 1 ~ ~ ? ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ U ' U O ~ B ' P I L ~ " % ~ B ) O ~ (eco- cita~trbihe) %4010hl/l?l~ulm~

%J k d ~ n h ~ l u r n n u u ~ f d o d The Day After Tomorrow ' A ' ' P c/

5) f a ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ a ' ~ l p n ~ n ~ ~ 7 f l ~ w i ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 n ~ u i n l ~ u i n ~ 9 u u (the divergificatioh o f

economics) '

Iw~~P j l T u m u i ~ o n i b o ~ a Z 4 o i n Websites ~ y j ~ l f i t l ~ # l f i u o 1;u $In i lk in Google

d& warch en&ei80 in~o-itoannudtflir '#un1" U ~ ~ n d i ~ ~ r r n : o ; h Wikipedia Q~ITIAI~~' . ,

1$fD~olddl~odldln3 &> , ,- i.

9 3 Q b y a ~ u i n ~ ~ d a i d d ~ ~ o d ~ a 1 1 ~ h i ~ d ~ 4 a d ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ' i ~ ' ePrt.4 Y i i l q l w i l u m a ~ m i u n u l u (~Attiipretgtlbn) lum~?aimf orauni~ninmiuitnu

i i X i w h o d 1 4 l#uri UotOuuuo~~i~mnmi~~rituniinu1n'u~m8dofidu tu u n r i u a i

nld&1'wd.r4o n i n d e u lud r~ua~er~o~~n5~1rn~fh luuwf ia iud~ol i ~mnu'o~,ro-mnilo.rnafiiada~ 4 P 41hnlaaufl (Psendo-polities - p );%I IJ-~FI wonnmmhd)

, ,

(Christian Bay. "Polhlds and ~ a e ~ d o ~ o l i t i c s : A ~ r i t i r i l I I

Behavioral Lhterat~re~~, Amerifiin ~k l id ia l $cien& R & ~ ~ ~ . ' L I x , 1965, &a $i 4' & & '

19.4 11uaviqfin33 f i naa lnsawadnuuu (1eta11sm) n q a u u a

1fia.rnti.snaiG'u 1 4 ' n. m a i l ~ u ~ ~ i i ~ ~ ~ i i n i ~ i j i ' ~ ~ h . ~ i l ; ~ ~ i i ~ ' ~ f i ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ I ' ~ n ~ ~ f l n ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ l d n u l ~ , I 4 .

l ~ h ~ t i n n m . r m r i c o 4 ( p ~ & i c i l man) I n a d a h 4

I

46 - PS 103

d A w n~Wlnuv (legal and inititutiomal ap~roach) d i ~ ~ i i i ~ l n i ~ ( m l w ~ i ~ s ' p ~ i ' ~ 1 m 5 ~ n ~ u 1 ~ 1 ~ " 2 ~ ~ a

uyub15~rrqlnrru idu vCdlortciu classic So ~rrruriAra~u~vli luniqm.~Be~- d I

Graham Wallas. Human Nature in Politics. University of Nebraska Press, 1962. w"aJw(vu3~d

9 9 i nqRn~rulmutarnzhu~man~~i idu lun&doao he Great Society: A Psychological d s 4 a s w 4

Analysis. (knU~41Hi : nl3~l(lllml¶l~ QmanUl) ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ l n l 5 ~ l a J 5 n ~ I ~ G.Wallace $4

~ u b f t l a n l u g n.n.igos n'o i a t Wuuo4nmarwd 20

u. 1iuanqRn5runi~rnfldnu'unyunir~~1.~.fi~ ubjnum.~PadupmunA. liuud J'

ma~mlinzrin~adu q nuiuiuiumuirnruu,ui kd5intllu~lj.rdaa'o ~pmuipv via UI~R

ign I~ulnnlm1w51z 1) d u u a u i u ~ a 1 u d a u u a ~ o t u ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 u n ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ C n i i ~ ~ i n 5 i z N " ~ i a

ooflim?u 48 6nihdiud v ( 5 a ~ i (Sigmund Freud) ~ l '#u j l id (6mn1~ ~w6?)mlfli0 81l$u~fh

ulurrru (superego) i t t u aq~~l~n55ni4li i i iu&uti#a I W ~ I ~ % ~ ~ U Y I R V O J U ~ W ~ ~ ~ ego

(Qm) iniu$.rwo n'o dauUo~iodiuia~iu~io~dou q 2) 8n~tlinnqln~rumami8nwi

6ai?muunzdorlnciiuan'~d5inQni5f;Sii4 7 ~ m ~ n u i i ~ n n ~ ~ k ~ u ~ d m i u n ~ ~ n ~ ~ n " o d ~ t i j w n a ' m B d w 9

(dynamism) iSunai~M~~duou 4~n~unu~nunanuinin~3i~~n~p1 'lauan GaKu iu in i~a

lfW8 !u'i~uldmiurrua~m1?4na~n (mechanism) ~ u l ~ n a l u ~ l $ u ~ ~ ~ M I ~ ~ ~ ~ o J (social d.4 4 d

world) ij6aild5 (variables) ulnfl~l~nnl~4nlPImW (physical world) lw51zuyPIuulueuw~4

~ io~na iu f i fn founu ia~~p~~am (flesh and blood) ijnuop i j i m ~tnda~6a~~d5ld~uuloio~ d

n9M

n. au a n q ~ n r r u ~ l i u n i 5 n 5 z 4 u ~ i ? o ~ ~ u d o ~ ~ i j ~ i m ~ a i i o u i o i n n i ~ ~ u w u

ointnaimam4 ~luaaaaufi (Qunntum Physics) I R U I ~ W I ~ ~ W ' U I S U W ~ Q I ~ ~ I ~ S O ' U ( ~ ~ ~ Albert

Einstein ~ u r n ~ d ~ z m n n q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % n ~ i n i ~ ~ (relativity) & f i ~ j i I ) naiuS naiuh n i o

qadi (value) i i t q 6 i rh i nlo iidndiiuu - (varies) 1dmiumnzimzm~z 2) ~nifti116'ij

n a i u n u ~ ~ d o ~ r i a u ~ ~ n a i u e ~ ~ u n ~ o n a i u ~ h ~ l d u u n i ~ n 1 5 d ~ d ~ # 44fhriu1un~rri

saau eadiu n?onqu~Inn'lh-duu (chaos theory, m-osa) , . !.,

5~~wnuo.nluanqRnr5 i io fimii46diriRuosuyub 6 t tu Gn?viniriaua&Cn

i) Peni 6, et al., Tbwards Holistic Governance : The New Reform Agenda.

sivnis) Inu~Qwwnsiuvo.rn~z 8dfl GBC : Government Beyond The Centre

IudsirwaCqnq~

2) Mihaly Sirnai. The Future of Clbbal ~overnance : Managing Risk and dl;ange

in the ldternational System. Washingtbn, D.C. : United States Institute of Peace Press, 1994.

(bfdl~Q111ddb3~0(1~0n~3~$nih%ln)

nis8nvido~nm~u~z~ua"~11i$10io~!nn~a~~w!d~~aznis$n~id ikynnd ilqlnb~ 4'

81" ~tiimsilnvi3ztundu ~ ) ~ ~ B ~ I ~ : J ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ B ~ ~ I ~ V O ~ ~ ~ N ~ " I W ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ U I ~ V U CW

Gu~1~~umst$i~o~~uaa"~;no1"am~i~i"~~~~u"am~1n~a~~a (political sociology) i ini~mniiyn B d yn!u"n (pioneer) ~ ~ n ~ i u d i ~ q 6 u n ~ u ~ w e l l ~ ~ n u ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ l n s z ~ a u n i s n i ~ n i s ~ f i ?klti-ai5

l r a i idirril.' lunu'tdoh finrzuaqnqri~ddYg'puingy A * d Y

(~ r i hu r P. Bentley. The Process oP.Government,) ~ ~ W ~ ~ f l f i ~ l ~ f l l u ~ i.8.19& '

19.6 %fliam/tp uniidnqAnaru" wiognnk&adrzh'nda~m

1) Heinz Eulau, et al, eds. Political Behavior: A Reader in theory and Research. 4

New York: Free Press, 1956. ~ G ~ ~ F I U B P ~ ~ I W ~ U L ~ I 11111(1~:. 40 W ~ ~ Y J U & ~ I ~ ~ ~ B J :'

~o~~uusauf o.rd1.r 7 ~'nuaii~ln~u~~m~m.iib

2) Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus. The Develbpmdnt of American ~olitical

Science: From Burgess to Behavioralism, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1967. fii3hfdlnla'~dd

fpw~amialuiiiu : oicuueicnaii~ wqiin$iu~iand'r ' *

44 Y 4 . 4 nirflnwni~wqknaap~wigl~~a J~IU ~ 1 3 6 9 t~i%sJ$aLdfi (einpirica~) F/o mr'l##~$b 14 9 81 ainwqiinsrun4omqniamn1n~vu~3~ q ~fluf!uduiuui.rzazhdr a~uoudszuCJdiu

da d ys.,d. , * a G .+& , , - nw1aau 1960-1969 (The ~ i r d e s ) n 1 S U U ~ ~ 6 t U 1 ~ ' 9 ~ l t W ~ ~ I R ~ ~ R H ' I O I R ~ E I iakfd !&~uu!%I

48 PS 103

(David Easton, "The New Revolution in Political Science", American Poiitical

Science Review, ~ecem6er, 1969, pp. 105 1-1061 .)

i

20. s ' ~ r n r r s l i ~ n w k a u a w ~ ~ n ~ a p s ~ ~ g l ~ ~ ~ : mqvi P U ~ U C Choice ~ i u a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i n s l i 4 9 cg r n a i i i o ~ i i a ~ m ~ ~ ~ i " ~ ~ ~ a w i n n i " a ~ ~ ~ d (critical theory)

r r u ? w q ~ n r r u m ~ ~ l ~ # s ' u n ~ r ~ a ~ r n r " ~ ~ n ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ u

ihundwo.rii w q ~ n r r u n ~ n m i r ~ u i ~ n ~ r f i n ~ ~ d ~ n ~ ~ ~ Y u ~am=ziRu39 (status I 4 4 s

QUO) ar1zilnlnaind~#1#~n"mvuu11rd~ rrnriinuu.'giuii nm?zi5unromdueifu1nuiz

do-.iiluodwtu a n. rini.ainirui~nurnuoii narI~naiuau1auinuun"f~drzi6udiiera~u 1)

Tnr~ahc 2 ) mrt idh AIR: 3) mrugZia tmurew~z#iumtu~~iglminiriu"oc wioiclrugfia B

mriu"8d (Political economy) .at ulPn f48 uni I MPublic. choice theory" ("nq~ $ l ~ l a ~ n

maiscu:-* nio ~n~~riionuo~mm.au**) wioui.m!qliunii ~mru~flrlrmiid~ni'11d8~* (The B

Economics of Politics) ~ 3 1 ~ u m l ~ $ ~ ~ a ~ n ? i u ~ s l V i ~ ~ t ~ ~ f f 6 (ronoepts) lull19 Y

1crru~~iamhw'arbl"1a~i"~931a~l9~lrru"~9 r iu 1) mroom8ucriionk 2) rnrdare.3

(negotiation, horse trading) flw6oiu?fiU1rdnm-adia~o n ~ r ~ ~ n & n i ~ i i ~ ~ d ~ u u ~ ~ ~ d r z ~ ~ v o s "

fihIuws5nnirru"~q 3) n"anirPi1q q ~o9Yguin

u'niflrugmami i o John Slornan ~ # 1 ~ i l i l i l i i m n ? l u ? ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ u b l i c choice theory*

(nqu~ii#aunir.'R~u~~u89uwi%u) ?&ri mrdrzynd 'i'imrdis q nlehu~sruh~iami

b~u~i!d?in.nzd Rnw mrS~)QuIami~mrl i i~ (Public choice theory VUIU& mrdrzyni dbd ~an1rms~gmnmilun15~rnri~.II" I:o~mr6miplaulamcnir~~o~)

4 u a n. mgu~mie ib 'onnrsma~ib l8n~ i~ i rm~~~on~u~giu1~ 1 rip

16.5.1 ~seniiiucidan& (voters) r9urnu"oun'uqndi (clients) irnz

u'nrnrido.ar9umiouod"nBa"na 7 ~ u i 1) U'nrnrBo~ (politician) k i p l a i l a imd i~a~ inn i r

h i i u l a iwn ' i i f u i 66uiuv k 2) [ooniiIu.adan& (voters) k u i i o i i nir6miplaiulam~

rnrrdo-a qnv~uldrw"ol#r?u .nruyiauc~ (votes) 62od1~ lo$idr~aiau4io~mrlw"arQi~

I ouu 4 ~ o ~ n i . ~ a ' ~ i a ~ w u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d u o ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ n " U u ' n n i ~ i d ~ S ~ ~ r r n n i r i d o ~

dqnliuarluifo.rr~ndi2bonuulliundn~6uduii~qidiiuni~nJunyuaindi~nrrn

nirifluq rinn1siflo-a duaru'iaziiimwaiguo?~lXuiniiilm aualu'u n'o r i o i r l # f i r a u u l ~ s ~ a

(votes) uinwuiiii!u tBonl+u.ntonkqiiaz~d"nnilI~Bq ( r2u&l i i r i an i sd i~u) g n R ~ o t i # A nuuftliul~iii~u~dA~~n~~1~dr~luwuaunoditii~wqwn (rational utility maximizers) nlo

u o ~ r n w i i i ~ u ~ & o . ~ m r ~ ~ d r z ~ u w u " ~ o ~ m u (personal gain) I A U ~ ~ ~ ~ C I I ? ~ r a t i o n a ~ - i l l ~ - i ~ -

iiun wuiunmuii dmr~nimra~n?o?i~iiwu~f~~mnzrzmz ~ w ' o I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r d u i n ~ ~ $5

lflunseiiq 2 i l iu n'o drzaiau~oonl4u~i~onf~iiazdi~u'nniriflo~ ,s a

1) ~ u E d i i u ~ b i ! u n n ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ n Q w ~ public Choice i i l i ~ n u u b i ~ i u d i i drzhadi Y

QnirPaJozlKn'o rnr'lhzliuwlliu~lnn (votes maximizers ) $i;ioknqui Public choice -44 B

~ M U J S O J. Buchanan. University of Exeter nld!f~qd V P 9 - a *

i ~ l f i l n l ~ ''li(l2d0 k d s l U ~ ~ ~ ~ n 6 1 . 8 n h . I I I ~ ~ B U ~ T I ? ~ ~ l ~ : I f h f l ~ l ? n ~ ~ ~ n

(John lom man. Economics. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf Prcntice Hall, 199 1, pp.

41 1-412.) d r~ 4 4 4 u. aualu'ulnu'iiu ~ndc~ninflun~anriuluu~uuo~ " n q u p n ~ a w ~ n d i c ~ r t h

(critical theory) ~ I W ? I J I U ~ T J ~ C ~ J ~ niuljnjainirdfi i l in8nuidr~d1~im \

(Frankfurt School) I u ~ u ~ w ~ I (David Held. Introduction to Critical'Theory:Horkheimer to Habermas. Berkeley: University

of California Press, 1980.)

R'~aci i~i i~~nisiwind?oird iia o'oi1iiu~i~ud~ou~w"n2~1a~0d#1no~'~!di3~ii#~ Y Y

luTnnilapGu ~~i i~wrirhiuiaq0ds'~un~u~i i~d6uir i i d u 1Jibumrlili5~.riuiiilB

m $ o ~ ~ n r d l j u i i ' i . ~ i ~ ~ q

(Nicholas Abercrombie, et als. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. Fourth Edition,

Penguin Books, 2000, p.80.) a

( l a u i m i ia9qlriulowir. Vgniami mruin i r i~ i io nqud ; vuqnnarru

wknmsiu f nnnfd 2 n"o daa sirtiea (1960.69) ~mzdatSiuuo.r seventies (1970-79)

iinquii1.r q i d u a i i u n i s ~ ~ u i ~ ~ ~ n i a ~ d o ~ f m u n p i i a 8 ~

1) ~niaOqil#~fl~d~Qulw+ (modernization)

2) ~ n i a d i ~ # ~ # ~ d ~ ~ n i a z i i r n i ~ ~ $ e ~ ~ (pollflcal n~turt~tlo") J a u. p i ~ u l i i i u i i d q l ~ l n 1 a ~ ~ ~ 1 d 1 0 : i i i ~ ~ u ~ 1 ~ n 7 l u ~ 1 ~ f l u ~ ~ ~ :OJWJwlM un:

a 4 6:OJW4fi~" (dependence) P i O f ~ n ~ z j ~ ~ f l fi~flil 'TIq% $ i h W I Dependency Theory g4bit~ ,

~~wiwniuuinlun juu'fSviniaaluSn~lKHioai AuoluSni (Latin America) ~ R U I R Y ~ ~ U D I ~ U U d uoq 8~ma pwnei 1 d a 9 d nquj$twi$mllua ~mrug8onirlu"a+ (Political economy) '14

uaalnnluuG'iu (qnrsniii n5iz~nuuRgiuiiayu81i~ wuiuiu~oikloi -4 a 24 a A ld'5uu wionqvqw~*l~uunsinu::ionulunwipou3mun::luyIsddau~wuoni8u

(James D.Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank and Dale &.Johnson. Dependence and

Underdevelopment : Latin American Political Economy. Garden Gity, New York: Doubleday,

1972.) o ~ ~ ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ i n i s ~ i n d a ~ ~ w a 1 0 d b ~ 1 n ~ ~ i ~ 1 (third world) $ad~~dunisu~q!J~wiiii.r s dl y naman~maCmui k t$uf iwf i f lo~asaub~1~uu~fo~ui8~~1u au8~ l o lriu kfiurilmu

c~~iii#aunim'Mcigiini~~o~o~r?"n~aapsdazniniA ru unsuil.ru~ dr:mnddu

(R.P. Misra and M. Honja, eds. Changing Perception af Development Problems ,10

vols. Nagoya, Japan: U.N. Centre for Regional Development, 1981 ,)

~ ~ O U ~ ~ J ~ ~ I U U W .ff. 25 14 90, z d B 9 lu~iuzc~onmtniniaii~ni~m~ rtinao~lukriplnmz55~1nms" BiJuuiid~oonifIu

mumui ~in-,idoiiYunmz~ninlalS"~u~ w.ff.2516 Ptaiiuuidunatulgdo'o& (Founding

Dean) $at!? 2516-2520 8Y8fiinun"lifIu 3 16~uijuiflu 78iiti % ,

n. ltdaw A uivinirdnnre~ (Government) ~w6niui~tn~u6iiua4ot~uniuinin B

kybernetes r t i i d n ~ i n ~ ~ ~ i u ~ ~ o n u d o ~ i ~ ~ d ~ douidihv~! cybernetics (Iriuoiiulal5nh

B m."uniounmlu (Latin) fro "gubernare" rt i idnii fi8u nlonauqu

(Webster's Third New International Dictionary, cited in Karl W. Deutsch. Politics

and Government, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1974, p.8) X nravnguiuoni ibu nq~amndo.r, rzuuniriflot, wqffnrruiitmridot nniuir

nirifllot6it q &U i ~g ln i wrrnniriflat Inq

u. udau B ~iuinaiu~u#u~rznji9drzinfl (International Reiations) nrounqu

Jrzmn 3) nnufiiuip1itnirpm (diplomacy) ~IOJUIUI~I~! 4) niriie~iteii~e'ubu9 (linkage

politics)

n. lidnu C ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ d ~ ~ f l l ~ f l l k ~ ~ & n l 3 ~ ~ P 4 1 ~ ~ ~ " n ~ (Poblic Administratiion)

A iW0fl11~~~1~33~11~~119 (good governance)

GI~J iiililrii9ur~o~i~a1nws"bmuw5q

n. i3mnwfluyanaj 1 IEiiufm"?~arma1nriuaw"Coi?~wqin55uu1n irdidslriu~uw~ cYd c: d y ~ n i 3 u r J ~ 0 6 4 ~ l i 8 ~ a 6 ' ~ 1 i ~ ~ a ~ 9 n a ' 1 a i ~ 1 d ' ~ 1 ~ ~ Public Choice, Critical theory, Dependency

theory

Y a v 1 OI

am¶InpmJ (Founding Dean) nfM:fJ~lRls" U M I ? ~ U I ~ ' ~ % S ~ O J ~ I ~ ( ~ ~ ~ lkr6 nr.Rnn r'uuiu a * , d~niunruum~nsknor:s'~a~nwf Q~~n in tdun~? iwu~~ $0 ~ I ~ P I S I O I ~ ~ ~ Y U qncniiu

t srcr nruu$(6o~qnorzfga1nmfhwi?wiAa'usiu~1rlwq l k i n ljruuu oiou~imrhka dBI

nt~ziga~apl~uu ru am{uduq idud uw1?nu1riuqIuriu%55%~1~51.a (u.n.5.) rrnr

uwl?wula'ul3uslw~

rddluau~or4~$auld rm.zfi1~~8nu1s~du1ndqm ~srBud1u~u3auriudsru1or 3 4 a iiaunu nsw ~1~1Swu15us1ui1rlns

24.1 ' Robert S. Erikson,et al. The Macro Polity. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

24.2 Dennis Kavangah, ed. Dictionary of Political BLogl'aphy. Who is Who in

Twentieth Century World Politics. Oxford University Press, 1998.

24.3 Joel Krieger, ed. The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. Oxford

University Press, 1993.

24.4 Ian Marsh, et al. Democracy, Governance and Economic Performance : East and

Southeast Asia, 1999.

24.5 Jack C. Plano. et al. Political Science Dictionary. Hinsdale, 111.,1973.

24.6 David Robertson. The Resetledge Dictlonery of Politics. Erd ed. London :

Ronttedge, 2004.

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