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Transcript of RITRIT Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Kate Gleason College...
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
Kate Gleason College of Engineering
Rochester Institute of Technology
http://www.rit.edu/kgcoe/biomedical
Daniel Phillips, Ph.D., Program Director [email protected]
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Outline
What is biomedical engineering?
Applications and challenges
Employment prospects and data
Questions?
Demonstrations
RIT Biomedical Engineering
What is Engineering?
Scientists explore to gain understanding -
Engineers develop creative solutions to problems based on that understanding.
Engineering focuses on the development of new products and processes to enhance the world around us,
• leveraging in creative and innovative ways the vast knowledge base embraced by the physical and life sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics),
• enhanced by the quantitative power of mathematics.
RIT Biomedical Engineering
What is Biomedical Engineering?
The branch of engineering that uniquely leverages the vast knowledge base embraced by biology to solve problems focused on healthcare & the human body.
Biomedical Engineersunderstand the inner workings of the human body, including its organs, circulatory system, nerves, muscles, and bones, as well as the unique constraints placed on design.
are experts at assessing the human body as a complex, interactive system.
provide teams a link between human biology & engineering analysis.
work in teams of experts across multiple disciplines
to create medical and health-related products
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineers work in teams to
develop devices that solve medical and health-related problems
Artificial organs and tissues Prostheses Implants
develop probes and sensing equipment specific to the human physiology
develop procedures to implement devices and new technologies in and on the human body
interpret and run clinical trials on new devices and procedures
What is Biomedical Engineering?
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Core Competencies: Human anatomy, biology, physiology Statistics Problem solving capability Systems engineering
All core sciences, integrated with mathematics and infused with engineering training, are used to address a wide variety of challengesrelated to the healthcare and the human body!
What is Biomedical Engineering?
RIT Biomedical Engineering
KidneyBlood & Waste Blood
Waste
Example: The Kidney
Function of kidney is to remove soluble waste from body.
Engineers analyze the kidney’s functions subject to given inputs,and develop models that can predict outputs.
Systems Engineering Approach
Engineers develop devices that replicate kidney functions.
RIT Biomedical Engineering
The kidney does not operate in isolation; it interacts with other systems in the body!
Systems Engineering Approach
Waste from cellular
processes
KidneyBlood & Waste Blood
Waste
HeartBlood & Waste Blood & Waste
Waste from cellular
processes
Need to analyze kidney and interactions!
RIT Biomedical Engineering
US Dept of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Biomedical Engineering
Occupational Employment StatisticsOccupational Employment and Wages, May 2010
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172031.htm
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical engineers
Employment by:industry, occupation, and percent distribution,
(2008 and projected 2018)
* (Employment in thousands)
**Industries with fewer than 50 jobs, confidential data, or poor quality data are not displayed
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition
ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ep/ind-occ.matrix/occ_pdf/occ_17-2031.pdf
RIT Biomedical Engineering
A “simple” challenge –
Measure oxygen actually delivered to tissue
• Take tissue sample and measure oxygen content (pretty invasive, messy)
• Take blood perfusing tissue and measure oxygen content (somewhat removed, still sort of messy)
RIT Biomedical Engineering
A “simple” challenge –
Measure oxygen actually delivered to tissueNONINVASIVELY (no bloodshed)
• Pulse oximetry provides an indirect method to assess two parameters simultaneously
• Percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin
• Mechanical pumping action of heart
RIT Biomedical Engineering
The science:
Oxygen carried mainly via oxygenated hemoglobin
Deoxygenated hemoglobin absorbs light differently than oxygenated hemoglobin
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Engineering solution – amount of oxygen delivered
Measure absorbance at two different wavelengths to determine percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin
If you know amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood, you can assess amount of oxygen available to be delivered to tissue (basic goal)
SpO2 – percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Engineering solution – measuring pumping action of heart
• Heart pumping produce pulsatile pressure in arterial vasculature
• Pressure pulses produces local volume changes
• Volume changes change overall absorbance of light
• Measuring absorbance changes provides indication of pressure changes which can be traced back to heart pumping
• Photo-plethysmography
RIT Biomedical Engineering
Pulse oximeter – a multidisciplinary effort
Biomedical – basic design of the instrumentation based on understanding of cardiovascular physiology, cell and molecular biology
Electrical – light drive and sensing circuitry
Mechanical – finger clip mechanism
Computer – signal processing
Chemical – Organic Light Emitting Diode display
Optical – light source and detection